Ubale Pakati pa Kusankha ndi Kuthamanga kwa Roller Chain Pitch

Ubale Pakati pa Kusankha ndi Kuthamanga kwa Roller Chain Pitch

Mu makina otumizira magiya a mafakitale, kukwera kwa unyolo wa roller ndi liwiro ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimawonetsa magwiridwe antchito a magiya, nthawi ya moyo wa zida, komanso kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito. Mainjiniya ambiri ndi ogwira ntchito yogula zinthu, omwe amayang'ana kwambiri mphamvu yonyamula katundu panthawi yosankha, nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza kufanana kwa zinthu ziwirizi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti unyolo uwonongeke msanga komanso kusweka, komanso nthawi yonse yogwirira ntchito. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mfundo zofunika komanso ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kukwera ndi liwiro, ndikupereka njira zothandiza zosankhira kuti zikuthandizeni kusankha unyolo wa roller woyenera kwambiri pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito.

I. Kumvetsetsa Malingaliro Awiri Aakulu: Tanthauzo ndi Kufunika kwa Mafunde ndi Liwiro mu Mafakitale

Musanafufuze ubale pakati pa awiriwa, ndikofunikira kufotokoza bwino matanthauzo oyambira—izi ndizofunikira kuti tipewe zolakwika posankha. Kaya mukugwiritsa ntchito unyolo wozungulira wa ANSI (American Standard), ISO (International Standard), kapena GB (National Standard), mphamvu yaikulu ya pitch ndi liwiro imakhalabe yofanana.

1. Kuthamanga kwa Roller Chain: Kumazindikira "Kutha kwa Katundu" ndi "Kusalala Koyenda"

Pitch ndi gawo lalikulu la unyolo wozungulira, kutanthauza mtunda womwe uli pakati pa malo a ma rollers awiri oyandikana (omwe amasonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro "p" ndipo nthawi zambiri amayesedwa mu mm kapena mainchesi). Imatsimikizira mwachindunji makhalidwe awiri ofunikira a unyolo:

Kutha Kunyamula: Kuthamanga kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zigawo zazikulu za unyolo monga mbale ndi mapini, komanso katundu wokwera kwambiri (wosasinthasintha komanso wosinthasintha) womwe unganyamulidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zolemera (monga makina amigodi ndi zida zonyamulira katundu wolemera).

Kusalala kwa Kuthamanga: Phokoso laling'ono limachepetsa "mafupipafupi a kukhudzidwa" pamene unyolo ulumikizana ndi sprocket, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwedezeka ndi phokoso lisachepe panthawi yotumiza. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kukhazikika kwambiri (monga zida zamakina olondola komanso zida zopakira chakudya).

2. Liwiro Lozungulira: Limazindikira "Kupsinjika Kolimba" ndi "Kuchuluka kwa Kuvala"

Liwiro lozungulira pano likutanthauza makamaka liwiro la sprocket yoyendetsa yomwe unyolo umalumikizidwa (yomwe imasonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro "n" ndipo nthawi zambiri imayesedwa mu r/min), osati liwiro la kumapeto koyendetsedwa. Kukhudza kwake unyolo kumaonekera makamaka m'mbali ziwiri:
Kupsinjika kwa mphamvu: Liwiro likakwera, mphamvu ya centrifugal yomwe imachokera ku unyolo panthawi yogwira ntchito imakulanso kwambiri. Izi zimawonjezeranso kwambiri "kulemera kwa mphamvu" pamene unyolo umagwirizanitsa maukonde ndi mano a sprocket (mofanana ndi momwe galimoto imakhudzira galimoto ikadutsa pa speed bump pa liwiro lalikulu).
Kuchuluka kwa kutha kwa unyolo: Liwiro likakwera, unyolo umalumikizana ndi sprocket nthawi zambiri ndipo kuzungulira kwa ma rollers ndi ma pini kumawonjezeka. Kuchuluka kwa kutha kwa unyolo nthawi yomweyo kumawonjezeka mofanana, zomwe zimafupikitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya unyolo.

II. Mfundo Yaikulu: Mfundo ya "Kufananiza Motsutsana" ya Kuthamanga ndi Kuthamanga

Mafakitale ambiri atsimikizira kuti phokoso la unyolo wozungulira ndi liwiro zimakhala ndi ubale womveka bwino wa "kufananiza kosiyana" - kutanthauza kuti, liwiro likakwera, phokoso liyenera kukhala laling'ono, pomwe liwiro likatsika, phokoso likhoza kukhala lalikulu. Chofunika kwambiri pa mfundo iyi ndikulinganiza "zofunikira pa katundu" ndi "chiwopsezo cha kupsinjika kwamphamvu." Izi zitha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu:

1. Kugwira ntchito mwachangu (nthawi zambiri n > 1500 r/min): Kuyimba pang'ono ndikofunikira.
Pamene liwiro la sprocket yoyendetsa likupitirira 1500 r/min (monga mafani ndi ma drive ang'onoang'ono a mota), mphamvu yosinthasintha komanso mphamvu ya centrifugal pa unyolo imawonjezeka kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito unyolo waukulu panthawiyi kungayambitse mavuto awiri akuluakulu:

Kuchuluka kwa katundu wokhudzana ndi mphamvu: Maunyolo akuluakulu amakhala ndi maulalo akuluakulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mano a sprocket akhudzidwe kwambiri komanso mphamvu yokhudzana ndi mphamvuyo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mano. Izi zingayambitse "kudumpha kwa link" kapena "kusweka kwa sprocket tooth" pa liwiro lalikulu.

Kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya Centrifugal: Maunyolo akuluakulu amakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu ya centrifugal yopangidwa ndi liwiro lalikulu ingayambitse unyolo kuchoka m'mano a sprocket, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "unyolo ugwe" kapena "kutsetsereka kwa drive." Pazochitika zazikulu, izi zingayambitse kugundana kwa zida. Chifukwa chake, pakugwiritsa ntchito liwiro lalikulu, maunyolo okhala ndi pitch ya 12.7mm (1/2 inchi) kapena kuchepera nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa, monga ANSI #40 ndi #50 series, kapena ISO 08B ndi 10B series.

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro lapakati (nthawi zambiri 500 r/min < n ≤ 1500 r/min): Sankhani phokoso lapakati.
Kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro lapakati ndikofala kwambiri m'mafakitale (monga zonyamulira katundu, ma spindle a zida zamakina, ndi makina a zaulimi). Kulinganiza pakati pa zofunikira pa katundu ndi zofunikira pa kusalala ndikofunikira.
Pa zinthu zolemera pang'ono (monga zonyamulira zopepuka zokhala ndi mphamvu yovomerezeka ya 10kW kapena kuchepera), maunyolo okhala ndi pitch ya 12.7mm mpaka 19.05mm (1/2 inchi mpaka 3/4 inchi) amalimbikitsidwa, monga ANSI #60 ndi #80 series. Pa zinthu zolemera kwambiri (monga zida zamakina zapakatikati zokhala ndi mphamvu yovomerezeka ya 10kW-20kW), unyolo wokhala ndi pitch ya 19.05mm-25.4mm (3/4-inch mpaka 1-inch), monga ANSI #100 ndi #120 series, ukhoza kusankhidwa. Komabe, kutsimikizira kwina kwa m'lifupi mwa dzino la sprocket ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kusakhazikika kwa ma mesh.

3. Kugwira ntchito mofulumira (nthawi zambiri n ≤ 500 r/min): Unyolo waukulu wa pitch ungasankhidwe.

Mu mikhalidwe yothamanga pang'ono (monga zotsukira migodi ndi zokweza zolemera), mphamvu ya unyolo ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal zimakhala zochepa. Mphamvu yonyamula katundu imakhala yofunika kwambiri, ndipo ubwino wa unyolo waukulu ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira:
Maunyolo akuluakulu amapereka mphamvu zambiri ndipo amatha kupirira kugwedezeka kwa ma kN ambirimbiri, zomwe zimateteza kuti mbale ya unyolo isasweke komanso kuti pini ipinde pansi pa katundu wolemera.
Kuchuluka kwa kusweka kwa makinawa kumakhala kochepa pa liwiro lotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maunyolo akuluakulu azikhala ndi moyo wofanana ndi moyo wonse wa chipangizocho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kufunikira kosintha pafupipafupi (nthawi zambiri zaka 2-3). Maunyolo okhala ndi pitch ≥ 25.4mm (inchi 1), monga ANSI #140 ndi #160 series, kapena maunyolo akuluakulu, olemera, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pankhaniyi.

III. Malangizo Othandiza: Gwirizanitsani Phokoso ndi Liwiro Molondola mu Masitepe Anayi

Mukamvetsetsa chiphunzitsochi, ndi nthawi yoti muchigwiritse ntchito kudzera mu njira zokhazikika. Masitepe anayi otsatirawa adzakuthandizani kusankha mwachangu unyolo woyenera ndikupewa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chodalira zomwe mwakumana nazo:

Gawo 1: Dziwani Magawo Aakulu - Sonkhanitsani Deta 3 Zofunika Choyamba

Musanasankhe unyolo, muyenera kupeza magawo atatu ofunikira a chipangizocho; palibe chomwe chingasiyidwe:

Liwiro la sprocket yoyendetsa (n): Pezani izi mwachindunji kuchokera ku buku la injini kapena la drive end. Ngati liwiro la main end loyendetsedwa lilipo, werengani mobwerezabwereza pogwiritsa ntchito fomula yakuti “Chiŵerengero cha kutumiza = chiwerengero cha mano pa sprocket yoyendetsa / chiwerengero cha mano pa sprocket yoyendetsa.”

Mphamvu yotumizira yoyesedwa (P): Iyi ndi mphamvu (mu kW) yomwe imafunika kuti chipangizocho chizigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Izi zikuphatikizapo katundu wokwera kwambiri (monga katundu wogwedezeka panthawi yoyambira, womwe nthawi zambiri umawerengedwa ngati nthawi 1.2-1.5 kuposa mphamvu yoyesedwa).
Malo ogwirira ntchito: Yang'anani ngati pali fumbi, mafuta, kutentha kwambiri (>80°C), kapena mpweya wowononga. Pamalo ovuta, sankhani maunyolo okhala ndi mipata yopaka mafuta ndi zokutira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri. Kutsika kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi 10%-20% kuti zitheke kuwonongeka.

Gawo 2: Kusankha Koyambirira kwa Pitch Range Kutengera Liwiro
Onani tebulo ili m'munsimu kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa ma voti oyambirira kutengera liwiro la sprocket yoyendetsa (pogwiritsa ntchito unyolo wa ANSI wokhazikika mwachitsanzo; miyezo ina ikhoza kusinthidwa moyenerera):
Liwiro la Sprocket Yoyendetsa (r/min) Malo Oyenera Kuyikira (mm) Mndandanda wa Unyolo wa ANSI Wofanana Ntchito Zachizolowezi
>1500 6.35-12.7 #25, #35, #40 Mafani, Magalimoto Ang'onoang'ono
500-1500 12.7-25.4 #50, #60, #80, #100 Ma Conveyor, Zida za Makina
<500 25.4-50.8 #120, #140, #160 Chotsukira, Chikepe

Gawo 3: Tsimikizirani kuti Pitch ikukumana ndi mphamvu yonyamula katundu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu
Mukasankha koyamba pitch, onetsetsani kuti unyolowo ukhoza kupirira mphamvu yoyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito "Power Calculation Formula" kuti mupewe kulephera kupitirira muyeso. Potengera unyolo wozungulira wa ISO monga chitsanzo, fomula yosavuta ndi iyi:
Mphamvu yotumizira mphamvu yovomerezeka ya unyolo (P₀) = K₁ × K₂ × Pₙ
Kumene: K₁ ndiye chinthu chowongolera liwiro (kuthamanga kwakukulu kumabweretsa K₁ yotsika, yomwe ingapezeke mu kabukhu ka unyolo); K₂ ndiye chinthu chowongolera momwe zinthu zilili pa ntchito (0.7-0.9 pa malo ovuta, 1.0-1.2 pa malo oyera); ndipo Pₙ ​​ndi mphamvu yoyesedwa ya unyolo (yomwe ingapezeke mwa phula mu kabukhu ka wopanga).
Mkhalidwe wotsimikizira: P₀ iyenera kukwaniritsa ≥ 1.2 × P (1.2 ndiye chinthu chotetezera, chomwe chingawonjezedwe kufika pa 1.5 pazochitika zolemera).

Gawo 4: Sinthani dongosolo lomaliza kutengera malo oyika.
Ngati malo oyambira omwe adasankhidwa ali ndi malire ndi malo oyikapo (monga, malo amkati mwa chipangizocho ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti agwirizane ndi unyolo waukulu), kusintha kuwiri kungapangidwe:
Chepetsani phokoso + onjezerani kuchuluka kwa mizere ya unyolo: Mwachitsanzo, ngati poyamba munasankha mzere umodzi wa 25.4mm pitch (#100), mutha kusintha kukhala mizere iwiri ya 19.05mm pitch (#80-2), yomwe imapereka mphamvu yofanana koma kukula kochepa.
Konzani kuchuluka kwa mano a sprocket: Pamene mukusunga mtunda womwewo, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mano pa sprocket yoyendetsa (nthawi zambiri mpaka mano osachepera 17) kungachepetse kugwedezeka kwa unyolo komanso kusintha mwanjira ina kusinthasintha kwa liwiro.

IV. Zolakwa Zofala Zoyenera Kupewa: Pewani Zolakwa Zitatu Izi

Ngakhale atadziwa bwino njira yosankha, anthu ambiri amalepherabe chifukwa chonyalanyaza mfundo zina. Nazi malingaliro atatu olakwika omwe amafala kwambiri komanso mayankho awo:

Lingaliro Lolakwika 1: Kungoyang'ana kwambiri pa mphamvu yonyamula katundu pokhapokha mutanyalanyaza kufananiza liwiro

Lingaliro Lolakwika: Pokhulupirira kuti "pitch yayikulu imatanthauza mphamvu yayikulu yonyamula katundu," unyolo waukulu wa pitch umasankhidwa kuti ugwire ntchito mwachangu (monga, unyolo #120 wa mota ya 1500 rpm). Zotsatira zake: Phokoso la unyolo limapitirira 90dB, ndipo ming'alu ya ma chain plate imakula mkati mwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Yankho: Sankhani ma pitch mosamala kutengera "kuthamanga patsogolo." Ngati mphamvu yonyamula katundu sikokwanira, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa mizere m'malo mowonjezera pitch.

Lingaliro Lolakwika 2: Kusokoneza "liwiro la pulley yoyendetsa" ndi "liwiro la pulley yoyendetsedwa"

Lingaliro Lolakwika: Kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro la pulley yoyendetsedwa ngati chinthu chosankha (monga, ngati liwiro la pulley yoyendetsedwa ndi 500 rpm ndipo liwiro lenileni la pulley yoyendetsa ndi 1500 rpm, pitch yayikulu imasankhidwa kutengera 500 rpm). Zotsatira zake: Kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu mu unyolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "pini iwonongeke kwambiri" (kuvala kopitilira 0.5mm pamwezi umodzi). Yankho: "Liwiro la pulley yoyendetsa" liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muyezo. Ngati simukudziwa, werengani pogwiritsa ntchito liwiro la mota ndi chiŵerengero chochepetsera (liwiro la pulley yoyendetsa = liwiro la mota / chiŵerengero chochepetsera).

Lingaliro Lolakwika 3: Kunyalanyaza Zotsatira za Mafuta Opaka Pakufananiza Ma Speed-Pitch

Cholakwika: kuganiza kuti "kusankha pitch yoyenera ndikokwanira," kulumpha mafuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika pansi pa mikhalidwe ya liwiro lalikulu. Zotsatira zake: Ngakhale ndi pitch yaying'ono, moyo wa unyolo ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi kupitirira 50%, ndipo ngakhale kugwidwa kouma kungachitike. Yankho: Pa mikhalidwe ya liwiro lalikulu (n ​​> 1000 rpm), mafuta odzola kapena mafuta osambira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mafuta odzola ayenera kufananizidwa ndi liwiro (liwiro likakhala lalikulu, kukhuthala kumakhalanso kochepa).

V. Kafukufuku wa Nkhani Zamakampani: Kukonza Zinthu Kuchokera pa Kulephera Kupita pa Kukhazikika

Mzere wonyamulira katundu ku fakitale yogulitsa zida zamagalimoto unali kusweka unyolo kamodzi pamwezi. Mwa kukonza bwino liwiro la pitch, tinawonjezera nthawi ya unyolo kufika zaka ziwiri. Tsatanetsatane wake ndi uwu:
Dongosolo loyambirira: Liwiro la pulley yoyendetsa 1200 rpm, unyolo wa mzere umodzi wokhala ndi 25.4mm pitch (#100), transmission yamphamvu ya 8kW, palibe mafuta okakamiza.
Chifukwa cha kulephera: 1200 rpm ili pamtunda wapamwamba wa liwiro lapakati, ndipo unyolo wa 25.4mm pitch umakhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka pa liwiro limeneli. Kuphatikiza apo, kusowa kwa mafuta kumapangitsa kuti iwonongeke mofulumira.
Ndondomeko Yokonzera Bwino: Chepetsani mtunda kufika pa 19.05mm (#80), sinthani ku unyolo wa mizere iwiri (#80-2), ndikuwonjezera njira yothira mafuta.
Zotsatira za kukonza bwino: Phokoso la ntchito ya unyolo lachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 85dB kufika pa 72dB, kuvala kwa mwezi uliwonse kwachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 0.3mm kufika pa 0.05mm, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito ya unyolo yawonjezeka kuyambira mwezi umodzi mpaka miyezi 24, zomwe zapulumutsa ndalama zokwana ma yuan 30,000 pachaka.

Pomaliza: Chofunika kwambiri pakusankha ndi kulinganiza.
Kusankha kukwera kwa unyolo wa roller ndi liwiro si chinthu chophweka “chachikulu kapena chaching'ono.” M'malo mwake, ndikofunikira kupeza bwino pakati pa mphamvu yonyamula katundu, liwiro logwirira ntchito, malo oyika, ndi mtengo. Mwa kudziwa bwino mfundo ya “kufananiza kumbuyo,” kuphatikiza ndi njira yokhazikika yosankhira magawo anayi ndikupewa misampha yodziwika bwino, mutha kutsimikizira kuti pali njira yokhazikika komanso yokhalitsa yotumizira magiya.