Ma Roller Olondola: Njira Zodziwika Bwino Zochiritsira Kutentha Pokweza Maunyolo

Ma Roller Olondola: Njira Zodziwika Bwino Zochiritsira Kutentha Pokweza Maunyolo

Mu makampani opanga makina onyamula katundu, kudalirika kwa unyolo kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino, ndipo njira zochizira kutentha ndizofunikira kwambiri podziwa momwe unyolo wonyamula katundu umagwirira ntchito, kuphatikizapo mphamvu, kulimba, ndi kukana kuwonongeka. Monga "chigoba" cha unyolo,ma rollers olondola, pamodzi ndi zigawo monga ma plate ndi ma pin a unyolo, zimafuna chithandizo choyenera cha kutentha kuti zisunge magwiridwe antchito okhazikika pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta monga kunyamula katundu wolemera komanso kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi. Nkhaniyi ipereka kusanthula kwakuya kwa njira zochizira kutentha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ponyamula unyolo, kufufuza mfundo zake, ubwino wake, ndi zochitika zoyenera, kupatsa akatswiri amakampani chidziwitso chosankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.

1. Kuchiza Kutentha: "Chopanga" cha Kugwira Ntchito kwa Unyolo Wokweza
Maunyolo onyamulira nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri (monga 20Mn2, 23MnNiMoCr54, ndi zina zotero), ndipo chithandizo cha kutentha n'chofunikira kwambiri kuti zinthu zopangira izi zigwire bwino ntchito. Zigawo za unyolo zomwe sizinakonzedwe kutentha zimakhala ndi kuuma kochepa komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito, ndipo zimatha kusokonekera kapena kusweka pulasitiki zikamapanikizika. Chithandizo cha kutentha chopangidwa mwasayansi, powongolera njira zotenthetsera, zogwirira, ndi zoziziritsira, chimasintha kapangidwe ka mkati mwa chinthucho, ndikukwaniritsa "kulimba ndi mphamvu" - mphamvu yayikulu yopirira kupsinjika ndi kugwedezeka, komanso kulimba kokwanira kuti tipewe kusweka, komanso kukonza kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba ndi kukana dzimbiri.

Pa ma rollers olondola, chithandizo cha kutentha chimafuna kulondola kwambiri: monga zigawo zofunika kwambiri pakulumikiza unyolo ndi sprocket, ma rollers ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti akugwirizana bwino pakati pa kuuma kwa pamwamba ndi kulimba kwa pakati. Kupanda kutero, kuwonongeka msanga ndi ming'alu zitha kuchitika, zomwe zingasokoneze kukhazikika kwa unyolo wonse. Chifukwa chake, kusankha njira yoyenera yochizira kutentha ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti ntchito yonyamula katundu ndi yokhalitsa komanso yonyamula unyolo.

II. Kusanthula kwa Njira Zisanu Zodziwika bwino Zochiritsira Kutentha kwa Unyolo Wokweza

(I) Kuzimitsa Konse + Kuzimitsa Kwambiri (Kuzimitsa ndi Kuzimitsa): "Muyezo Wagolide" wa Kuchita Koyambira

Mfundo Yoyendetsera Ntchito: Zigawo za unyolo (ma link plates, ma pin, ma rollers, ndi zina zotero) zimatenthedwa kufika kutentha koposa Ac3 (hypoeutectoid steel) kapena Ac1 (hypereutectoid steel). Pambuyo posunga kutentha kwa kanthawi kuti zinthuzo ziume bwino, unyolo umazimitsidwa mwachangu mu malo ozizira monga madzi kapena mafuta kuti ukhale wolimba koma wosalimba. Unyolowo umatenthedwanso kufika 500-650°C kuti utenthe kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa martensite kukhala yofanana ndi sorbite, pamapeto pake zimakhala ndi "mphamvu yayikulu + kulimba kwambiri."

Ubwino wa Kagwiridwe ka Ntchito: Pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kutenthetsa, zigawo za unyolo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamakaniki, zokhala ndi mphamvu yokoka ya 800-1200 MPa komanso mphamvu yokwanira yokolola komanso kutalika, zomwe zimatha kupirira katundu wosinthika komanso wokhudza mphamvu zomwe zimakumana nazo ponyamula. Kuphatikiza apo, kufanana kwa kapangidwe ka sorbite kumatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a zigawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupangika kolondola pambuyo pake (monga roller rolling).

Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti kukhale koyenera kugwira ntchito bwino kwa maunyolo okweza apakatikati ndi amphamvu kwambiri (monga ma unyolo a Giredi 80 ndi Giredi 100), makamaka pazinthu zofunika kwambiri monga ma plate ndi ma pin a unyolo. Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri yochizira kutentha pokweza maunyolo. (II) Kuzimitsa ndi Kuzimitsa + Kuchepetsa Kutentha: "Chishango Cholimbikitsidwa" Choteteza Kuteteza Kuvala Pamwamba

Mfundo Yoyendetsera Ntchito: Zigawo za unyolo (zoyang'ana kwambiri pa ma mesh ndi zigawo zokangana monga ma rollers ndi ma pini) zimayikidwa mu chopangira ma carburizing (monga gasi wachilengedwe kapena mpweya wophwanya mafuta) ndipo zimasungidwa pa 900-950°C kwa maola angapo, zomwe zimathandiza maatomu a kaboni kulowa pamwamba pa gawo (kuya kwa gawo lopangidwa ndi carburizing nthawi zambiri kumakhala 0.8-2.0mm). Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi kuzimitsa (nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ngati chopangira choziziritsira), chomwe chimapanga kapangidwe ka martensite kolimba kwambiri pamwamba pomwe chimasunga kapangidwe ka pearlite kapena sorbite kolimba pakati. Pomaliza, kutentha pang'ono pa 150-200°C kumachotsa kupsinjika kwa kuzimitsa ndikukhazikitsa kuuma kwa pamwamba. Ubwino wa Kuchita: Zigawo pambuyo pa carburizing ndi kuzimitsa zimasonyeza magwiridwe antchito a gradient a "kunja kolimba, mkati molimba" - kuuma kwa pamwamba kumatha kufika pa HRC58-62, kumathandizira kwambiri kukana kutopa ndi kukana kugwidwa, kulimbana bwino ndi kukangana ndi kutopa panthawi ya sprocket meshing. Kulimba kwapakati kumakhalabe pa HRC30-45, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba mokwanira kuti zisamasweke pamene zinthu zikugwedezeka.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Kwa ma rollers ndi ma pin olondola kwambiri omwe amavala bwino mu unyolo wonyamula, makamaka omwe amayamba ndi kuyimitsidwa pafupipafupi komanso ma mesh olemera (monga, unyolo wa ma port crane ndi ma mine hoists). Mwachitsanzo, ma rollers a unyolo wonyamula wa 120-grade high-strength nthawi zambiri amawotchedwa ndi kuzimitsidwa, zomwe zimawonjezera moyo wawo wotumikira ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwachikhalidwe. (III) Kulimbitsa + Kuchepetsa Kutentha: "Kulimbitsa Kwapafupi" Kogwira Ntchito Komanso Kolondola

Mfundo Yoyendetsera Ntchito: Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito yosinthika yopangidwa ndi coil yopangira ma frequency apamwamba kapena apakatikati, madera enaake a zigawo za unyolo (monga m'mimba mwake wa ma rollers ndi malo opindika) amatenthedwa m'deralo. Kutentha kumachitika mwachangu (nthawi zambiri kuyambira masekondi angapo mpaka masekondi makumi), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pafike kutentha kofulumira, pomwe kutentha kwapakati sikunasinthe kwenikweni. Kenako madzi ozizira amalowetsedwa kuti azimitse mwachangu, kutsatiridwa ndi kutentha kochepa. Njirayi imalola kuwongolera bwino malo otentha ndi kuya kwa zigawo zolimba (nthawi zambiri 0.3-1.5mm).

Ubwino wa Ntchito: ① Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri ndi Kusunga Mphamvu: Kutentha komwe kumapangidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana kumapewa kutaya mphamvu chifukwa cha kutentha konse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yopangira ikhale yogwira ntchito ndi 50% poyerekeza ndi kuzimitsa konse. ② Kusintha Kochepa: Nthawi yochepa yotenthetsera imachepetsa kusintha kwa kutentha kwa zigawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kowongolera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri kuwongolera ma rollers olondola. ③ Kugwira Ntchito Koyenera: Mwa kusintha ma frequency a induction ndi nthawi yotenthetsera, kuya kwa zigawo zolimba komanso kugawa kwa kuuma kumatha kusinthidwa mosavuta.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Koyenera kulimbitsa ma rollers opangidwa mochuluka, ma pini afupiafupi, ndi zinthu zina, makamaka pokweza unyolo wofunikira kulondola kwakukulu (monga unyolo wokweza wodutsa molondola). Kulimbitsa kwa induction kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito pokonza ndi kukonzanso unyolo, kulimbitsanso malo osweka.

(IV) Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika: "Kuteteza Zotsatira" Kuika Kulimba Patsogolo

Mfundo Yoyendetsera Ntchito: Pambuyo potenthetsa gawo la unyolo kufika kutentha kowonjezera mphamvu, limayikidwa mwachangu mu bafa la mchere kapena la alkaline pamwamba pang'ono pa mfundo ya M (kutentha koyambira kwa kusintha kwa martensitic). Bafa limasungidwa kwa nthawi kuti austenite isinthe kukhala bainite, kutsatiridwa ndi kuzizira kwa mpweya. bainite, kapangidwe kapakati pakati pa martensite ndi pearlite, kamaphatikiza mphamvu yayikulu ndi kulimba kwabwino kwambiri.

Ubwino wa Ntchito: Zigawo za Austempered zimakhala zolimba kwambiri kuposa zigawo zachizolowezi zozimitsidwa ndi zofewa, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu yoyamwa ya 60-100 J, zomwe zimatha kupirira katundu woopsa popanda kusweka. Kuphatikiza apo, kuuma kumatha kufika HRC 40-50, kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamphamvu zonyamula katundu wapakati komanso wolemera, pomwe zimachepetsa kusokonekera kwa kuzima ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwamkati. Ntchito Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito: Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ponyamula zigawo za unyolo zomwe zimakhala ndi katundu wolemera, monga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kunyamula zinthu zosaoneka bwino m'mafakitale amigodi ndi zomangamanga, kapena ponyamula unyolo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri (monga malo osungira ozizira ndi ntchito za polar). Bainite ili ndi kulimba kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwa martensite pa kutentha kochepa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusweka kwa kuuma kwa kutentha kochepa.

(V) Kupaka Nitridi: "Chophimba Chokhalitsa" Choteteza Kudzimbiri ndi Kusawonongeka
Mfundo Yoyendetsera Ntchito: Zigawo za unyolo zimayikidwa mu malo okhala ndi nayitrogeni, monga ammonia, pa 500-580°C kwa maola 10-50. Izi zimathandiza maatomu a nayitrogeni kulowa pamwamba pa gawo, ndikupanga gawo la nitride (lopangidwa makamaka ndi Fe₄N ndi Fe₂N). Kuyika nitride sikufuna kuzimitsa pambuyo pake ndipo ndi "mankhwala otentha a mankhwala otsika kutentha" omwe samakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito onse a gawolo. Ubwino wa Kuchita: ① Kulimba kwambiri kwa pamwamba (HV800-1200) kumapereka kukana kwabwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chosungunuka ndi chozimitsidwa, komanso kumapereka coefficient yochepa yokangana, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu panthawi yoyika ma mesh. ② Gawo lolimba la nitride limapereka kukana kwabwino kwambiri kwa dzimbiri, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha dzimbiri m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi komanso fumbi. ③ Kutentha kochepa kokonza kumachepetsa kusintha kwa gawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale loyenera ma roller olondola opangidwa kale kapena maunyolo ang'onoang'ono osonkhanitsidwa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Koyenera kunyamula maunyolo omwe amafunikira kutopa ndi kukana dzimbiri, monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga chakudya (malo oyera) ndi mainjiniya am'madzi (malo opopera mchere wambiri), kapena zida zazing'ono zonyamula zomwe zimafuna maunyolo "osakonza".

III. Kusankha Njira Yothandizira Kutentha: Kugwirizana ndi Mikhalidwe Yogwirira Ntchito Ndikofunikira

Mukasankha njira yochizira kutentha kwa unyolo wonyamulira, ganizirani zinthu zitatu zofunika: kuchuluka kwa katundu, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi ntchito ya zigawo. Pewani kutsata mphamvu zambiri kapena kusunga ndalama zambiri mopitirira muyeso:

Sankhani malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu: Maunyolo opepuka (≤ Giredi 50) amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi kutenthedwa kwathunthu. Maunyolo apakati ndi olemera (80-100) amafunika kuphatikiza kwa carburizing ndi kuzimitsa kuti alimbitse ziwalo zosatetezeka. Maunyolo olemera (pamwamba pa Giredi 120) amafunika njira yophatikizira yozimitsa ndi kuzimitsa, kapena kulimbitsa kwa induction kuti zitsimikizire kulondola.

Sankhani malinga ndi malo ogwirira ntchito: Kuyika nitriding kumakondedwa m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi komanso owononga; kuyika austring kumakondedwa m'malo okhala ndi katundu wolemera kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma mesh pafupipafupi kumalimbikitsa carburing kapena induction hardiness ya ma rollers. Sankhani zigawo kutengera ntchito yawo: Ma plate ndi ma pini amaika patsogolo mphamvu ndi kulimba, kuika patsogolo kuzimitsa ndi kutenthetsa. Ma rollers amaika patsogolo kukana kutopa ndi kulimba, kuika patsogolo carburing kapena induction hardiness. Zida zothandizira monga bushings zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito zozimitsa ndi kutenthetsa zotsika mtengo, zophatikizika.

IV. Kutsiliza: Kuchiza Kutentha ndi "Mzere Wosaoneka wa Chitetezo" cha Chitetezo cha Unyolo
Njira yochizira kutentha kwa unyolo wonyamula si njira imodzi yokha; m'malo mwake, ndi njira yokhazikika yomwe imagwirizanitsa zinthu zakuthupi, ntchito za zigawo, ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito. Kuyambira pa carburing ndi kuzimitsa ma rollers olondola mpaka kuzimitsa ndi kutenthetsa ma chain plates, kuwongolera molondola mu ndondomeko iliyonse kumatsimikiza mwachindunji chitetezo cha unyolo panthawi yonyamula. M'tsogolomu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zida zanzeru zochizira kutentha (monga mizere yodziyimira yokha ya carburing ndi machitidwe oyesera kuuma pa intaneti), magwiridwe antchito ndi kukhazikika kwa unyolo wonyamula zidzakulitsidwa kwambiri, kupereka chitsimikizo chodalirika cha magwiridwe antchito otetezeka a zida zapadera.