Kukana kwa Mphamvu za Makina Ozungulira a Zaulimi

Kukana kwa Mphamvu za Makina Ozungulira a Zaulimi

Ndi kufulumira kwa makina a ulimi, makina a ulimi akhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chili bwino komanso kukonza bwino ntchito za ulimi. Monga "cholumikizira chamagetsi" mu makina otumizira makina a ulimi, magwiridwe antchito a makina odulira a ulimi amatsimikizira mwachindunji kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa ntchito za makina a ulimi. M'malo ovuta komanso osinthasintha nthawi zonse, makina odulira a makina a ulimi nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kukana bwino kwambiri kwa kukhudzidwa kwakhala chizindikiro chachikulu cha mtundu wa makina odulira a ulimi. Nkhaniyi, pogwiritsa ntchito momwe makina a ulimi amagwirira ntchito, idzasanthula mozama kufunika kwaunyolo wozungulira wa makina a zaulimikukana kukhudzidwa, mfundo zake zaukadaulo, njira zotsimikizira, ndi phindu lomwe limabweretsa pakupanga ulimi, zomwe zimathandiza kumvetsetsa bwino "mlonda wobisika" uyu mkati mwa makina a ulimi.

I. "Mayeso Ovuta" a Ntchito ya Makina a Zaulimi: Nchifukwa Chiyani Kukana Kukhudzidwa Ndi Kofunika Kwambiri? Malo opangira ulimi ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi malo okhazikika a malo opangira mafakitale. Makina a zaulimi omwe amagwira ntchito m'munda ayenera kulimbana ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yovuta komanso yovuta, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makinawo azikhudzidwa kwambiri. Kukana kukhudzidwa kosakwanira kungakhudze bwino momwe makina amagwirira ntchito, kapena kungayambitse kulephera kwa zida, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika kwakukulu pazachuma.

(I) Zotsatira za Malo Ovuta Kwambiri a M'munda

Kaya zikugwira ntchito pamwamba pa zigwa zotsetsereka kapena m'mapiri otsetsereka m'malo okwera mapiri ndi mapiri, makina a zaulimi amakumana ndi kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka kosiyanasiyana panthawi yogwira ntchito. Kugwedezeka kumeneku kumatumizidwa mwachindunji ku unyolo wozungulira womwe uli mu drivetrain, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azinyamula katundu nthawi yomweyo kuposa momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, pamene chokolola chophatikizana chikumana ndi phiri kapena dothi lokwezedwa panthawi yokolola, mawilo amakwera ndikugwa mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugundana kwakukulu pamalo olumikizirana pakati pa unyolo ndi sprocket. Ngati kukana kwa unyolo kuli kofooka, mavuto monga kusintha kwa unyolo ndi kusweka kwa pini ndizotheka kwambiri kuchitika. (2) Kusinthasintha Kwakukulu kwa Ntchito za Makina Aulimi

Pa ntchito za makina a ulimi, katundu nthawi zambiri samakhala wokhazikika koma nthawi zambiri amasinthasintha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pamene thirakitala ikukoka zida zaulimi kuti ilimidwe, ngati kuya kwa kulima kukuwonjezeka mwadzidzidzi kapena ngati ikumana ndi nthaka yolimba kapena miyala, kukana kwa kukoka kumawonjezeka nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya unyolo woyendetsa ikwere kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katunduyo akhudze kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, poyambitsa, kuletsa, ndi kusuntha, unyolo umakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa liwiro mwadzidzidzi. Ngati zotsatirazi zikuwonjezeka pakapita nthawi, zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa unyolo ndi kutopa, zomwe zimafupikitsa nthawi yake yogwira ntchito.

(3) Zotsatira Zophatikizana za Zinthu Zoopsa Zachilengedwe

Ntchito zaulimi nthawi zambiri zimachitikira panja, komwe mvula, matope, fumbi, ndi udzu wa mbewu ndi zinyalala zimalowa nthawi zonse m'malo olumikizira unyolo. Zinyalalazi sizimangowonjezera kuwonongeka kwa unyolo komanso zimakhudza kulondola kwa kutumiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti unyolo ukhale wodzaza ndi kudumpha panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimawonjezera kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yokolola mpunga, minda imakhala yonyowa komanso yamatope. Matope amalowa mu unyolo, kusakanikirana ndi mafuta kuti apange matope, kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa unyolo ndikuwonjezera kugwedezeka panthawi yogwira ntchito.

Monga momwe tikuonera, ma roller chain a makina a ulimi amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri komanso amphamvu kwambiri pakupanga ulimi. Kukana kwawo kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi magwiridwe antchito, moyo wautumiki, komanso kupitiriza kwa ulimi. Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wozama komanso kukonza kukana kukana kukana kwa makina a ulimi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa chitukuko chapamwamba cha makina a ulimi.

II. Kuthetsa Kusamvana ndi Mphamvu: "Ukadaulo Wolimba" Wothandizira Makina Ozungulira a Zaulimi

Kukana kukhudzidwa kwa unyolo wa makina a zaulimi sikumachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wochepa; m'malo mwake, kumachitika kudzera mu kapangidwe ka sayansi, kusankha zinthu zapamwamba, komanso njira zopangira zapamwamba. Kuwongolera bwino unyolo uliwonse kumapereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cholimba kuti unyolowo uzitha kupirira zovuta zomwe zingachitike.

(I) Kapangidwe Kabwino Ka Kapangidwe: Kugawa Mphamvu ndi Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika Maganizo
Kukonza Kapangidwe ka Ma Chain Plate: Ma chain plate ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu zonyamula katundu wa unyolo wa makina a zaulimi, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakhudza mwachindunji kukana kwa kukhudzidwa kwa unyolo. Ma chain roller a makina a zaulimi apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka unyolo wa magawo osiyanasiyana. Kapangidwe kameneka kamawonjezera makulidwe a unyolo m'malo ovuta kwambiri okhala ndi kupsinjika (monga mozungulira maso ndi m'mphepete) kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya malo, pomwe amachepetsa makulidwe m'malo omwe si ofunikira kuti achepetse kulemera konse kwa unyolo. Kapangidwe kameneka sikuti kamangogawa bwino katundu wokhudzidwa komanso kamachepetsa kupsinjika pa unyolo panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito katundu, kuteteza kusweka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwambiri komwe kumachitika pamalopo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma chain roller a makina a zaulimi apamwamba amakhala ndi ma chainplate eyelets odulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusintha kosalala kuchepetse malo opsinjika ndikuwonjezera kukana kwa kukhudzidwa kwa unyolo.

Kugwirizana Koyenera Pakati pa Ma Pin ndi Ma Bushings: Ma Pin ndi ma bushings ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimathandiza kuti unyolo uzisinthasintha ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri polimbana ndi katundu wokhudzana ndi kugwedezeka. Pofuna kulimbitsa kukana kugwedezeka, makina ozungulira amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira ma pini ku ma chainplates, ndi ma bushings ku ma chainplates. Izi zimatsimikizira kulumikizana kotetezeka ndipo zimaletsa kumasuka kapena kulekanitsidwa pansi pa katundu wokhudzana ndi kugwedezeka. Malo a ma pini ndi ma bushings amapukutidwa bwino kwambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti pali malo ofanana pakati pawo, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndi kuwonongeka panthawi yogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ma unyolo ena amakhala ndi chophimba chosatha pakati pa ma pini ndi ma bushings, chomwe sichimangowonjezera kukana kugwedezeka komanso ma cushion amakhudza katundu mpaka pamlingo winawake, ndikuwonjezera moyo wa gawo.

Kapangidwe Kapadera ka Ma Roller: Ma Roller amagwira ntchito ngati njira yozungulira yolumikizirana panthawi yolumikiza unyolo ndi sprocket, ndipo kapangidwe kawo kamagwirizana kwambiri ndi kukana kwawo kugwedezeka. Makina apamwamba kwambiri a ulimi okhala ndi ma roller chain amakhala ndi makoma okhuthala ozungulira kuti awonjezere mphamvu zawo zokakamiza komanso kukana kugwedezeka, kupewa kusinthika kapena kusweka pamene kugundana ndi mano a sprocket. Kuphatikiza apo, ma roller amalimba kuti awonjezere kuuma kwa pamwamba ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka. Kulekerera kwa ma roller kuzungulira kumayendetsedwa mosamala kwambiri pamlingo wochepa kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti mano a sprocket amalumikizidwa bwino komanso amachepetsa phokoso la kugwedezeka komanso kugwedezeka panthawi yolumikiza.

(II) Kusankha Zinthu Zapamwamba Kwambiri: Kumanga "Maziko Olimba a Zinthu" Olimbana ndi Kugundana

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chitsulo Chomangira Zinthu Zopangira ...

Kuwunika Zinthu Mokhwima ndi Kuyesa: Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, opanga unyolo wodziwika bwino amachita kafukufuku wokhwima komanso kuyesa zinthu zopangira. Kuyambira kusanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala a chitsulo, kuyesa zinthu zamakina (monga mphamvu yokoka, mphamvu yotulutsa, ndi kulimba kwa kugunda), mpaka kuyesa kosawononga (monga kuyesa kwa ultrasound ndi kuyesa tinthu ta maginito), sitepe iliyonse imawongoleredwa mwamphamvu kuti zinthu zosayenerera zisalowe mu njira yopangira. Zipangizo zokha zomwe zimapambana mayeso okhwima awa ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawo zofunika kwambiri za unyolo wozungulira wa makina aulimi, ndikuyika maziko olimba a kukana kugunda kwa unyolo.

(III) Njira Zapamwamba Zopangira: Kukonza Kulondola ndi Kukweza Magwiridwe Antchito
Njira Zochiritsira Kutentha Molondola: Kuchiza kutentha ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukonza mphamvu za makina a zida zaulimi zozungulira, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kukana kwa unyolo. Njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira kutentha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ma plate a unyolo nthawi zambiri amathiridwa madzi kwathunthu kenako ndi njira yotenthetsera pang'ono, kupeza mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba kwina, zomwe zimawathandiza kupirira katundu wolemera ndikupirira kugwedezeka. Ma pini ndi ma bushing amathiridwa madzi pang'ono kenako ndi njira yotenthetsera kutentha kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuuma kwambiri komanso kosatha pamwamba pomwe akusunga kulimba bwino pakati. Pansi pa kugwedezeka, gawo losatha kutha pamwamba limachepetsa kutha, pomwe kulimba kwa pakati kumayamwa mphamvu yokhudza kugwedezeka ndikuletsa kusweka kwa zigawo. Ma roller nthawi zambiri amathiridwa madzi pamwamba kenako ndi njira yotenthetsera kutentha kochepa, kukulitsa kuuma kwa pamwamba ndi kukana kutha pomwe akutsimikizira kulimba kwina pakati kuti apewe kusweka kwa roller pamene ikugwedezeka.

Kukonza ndi kulumikiza bwino kwambiri: Kuwonjezera pa zipangizo zapamwamba komanso njira zoyenera zochizira kutentha, kukonza ndi kulumikiza bwino kwambiri ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri poonetsetsa kuti maunyolo ozungulira makina a zaulimi akukana kukhudza. Pakukonza, zigawo zimakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zolondola kwambiri monga ma CNC lathes ndi ma CNC grinders kuti zitsimikizire kuti kulondola kwawo kwa miyeso ndi kulekerera kwa geometric kukugwirizana ndi zofunikira pakupanga. Mwachitsanzo, cholakwika cha dzenje la ma chain plates chimayendetsedwa mkati mwa ±0.05mm, ndipo kulekerera kwa ma pini m'mimba mwake kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa ±0.005mm. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti unyolo ukugwira ntchito bwino pambuyo pokonza ndikuchepetsa katundu wokhudzana ndi kukhudza womwe umayambitsidwa ndi zolakwika za miyeso. Pakukonza, zida zodzipangira zokonzera ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa kusonkhanitsa kwa gawo lililonse. Unyolo wosonkhanitsidwa umayesedwanso mwamphamvu (monga kupotoka kwa pitch, mphamvu yolimba, ndi kukana kukhudza). Zinthu zoyenerera zokha ndi zomwe zimatulutsidwa, kuonetsetsa kuti unyolo uliwonse wozungulira makina a zaulimi uli ndi kukana kukhudza bwino kwambiri.

III. Kutsimikizira kwa Sayansi: Kodi Mungayese Bwanji Kukana kwa Mphamvu ya Unyolo wa Ma Roller Machinery?

Kukana kwakukulu kwa unyolo wozungulira makina a zaulimi sikungathe kudziwika kokha kudzera mu chiweruzo chaumwini; kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kudzera mu njira zoyesera zasayansi komanso zolimba. Pakadali pano, makampaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka kuyesa kwa labotale ndi kuyesa m'munda kuti aone bwino kukana kwa unyolo wozungulira makina a zaulimi kuti atsimikizire kuti akukwaniritsa zosowa zenizeni za ulimi.

(I) Kuyesa kwa Laboratory: Kuyerekeza Mikhalidwe Yovuta Kwambiri Yogwirira Ntchito Kuti Muyeze Kugwira Ntchito Molondola

Kuyesa kwa labotale kumatsanzira momwe makina opukutira a ulimi amakhudzira unyolo wozungulira womwe uli ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana wokhudzidwa m'malo olamulidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zoyesera, kukana kwa unyolowo kungayesedwe molondola, kupereka chithandizo cha sayansi pakuwunika khalidwe la unyolo.

Kuyesa Kulemera kwa Mphamvu: Kuyesa Kulemera kwa Mphamvu ndi chimodzi mwa mayeso ofunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukana kwa mphamvu kwa unyolo wozungulira makina a zaulimi. Pakuyesa, unyolowu umayikidwa pa makina oyesera mphamvu, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu (kutsanzira mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu yomwe makina a zaulimi amakumana nayo m'munda). Kusintha kwa kupsinjika, kusintha, ndi mawonekedwe osweka a unyolo panthawi ya mphamvu zimalembedwa. Pofufuza deta yoyesera, zizindikiro zazikulu za unyolo monga kukana kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa mphamvu zitha kudziwika, kuwunika mphamvu ya unyolo wonyamula katundu pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri ya mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati unyolo wozungulira makina a zaulimi ukhoza kupirira mphamvu ya mphamvu ya 50kN nthawi yomweyo popanda kusweka kapena kusinthika koonekera panthawi yoyesa, kukana kwake mphamvu ndikokwanira pa ntchito zambiri zamakina a zaulimi.

Kuyesa Kukhudza Kutopa: Ma unyolo ozungulira makina a zaulimi nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto obwerezabwereza, ozungulira akagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mayeso okhudza kutopa akhale ofunika kwambiri. Kuyesa kukhudza kutopa kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zozungulira pa unyolo pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyesera (kutsanzira mphamvu zomwe makina a zaulimi amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali) ndikulemba kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a unyolo (monga kukalamba, kusintha kwa kuuma, ndi kupezeka kwa ming'alu) pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana mpaka unyolo utalephera. Kuyesa kukhudza kutopa kumatha kuwunika moyo waunyolo ndi kudalirika kwake pansi pa mphamvu zobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso chosankha unyolo woyenera. Mwachitsanzo, unyolo wina wozungulira makina a zaulimi unasunga magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri popanda kuwonongeka kooneka pambuyo poyesedwa mphamvu zopitirira 1 miliyoni, zomwe zimasonyeza moyo wake wautali komanso kudalirika kwake.

Kuyesa kukhudza kutentha kochepa: M'madera ozizira, makina a zaulimi amagwira ntchito m'nyengo yozizira pamalo otentha kwambiri, zomwe zingachepetse kulimba kwa zinthuzo ndipo zitha kukhudza kukana kwa kukhudza kwa unyolo. Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kukhudza kutentha kochepa ndi mayeso ofunikira poyesa kukana kwa kukhudza kwa unyolo wozungulira makina a zaulimi. Pamayeso awa, unyolo umayikidwa m'chipinda chotentha pang'ono ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha pang'ono (monga -20°C kapena -30°C) kwa nthawi inayake mpaka unyolo utafika kutentha kozungulira. Kuyesa kukhudza katundu kumachitika kuti awone kukana kwa kukhudza kwa unyolo m'malo otentha pang'ono. Kuyesa kukhudza kutentha kochepa kumatsimikizira kuti unyolo wozungulira makina a zaulimi umasunga kukana kwa kukhudza bwino nthawi yozizira m'madera ozizira, kupewa kulephera monga kusweka kwa unyolo chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa. (II) Kuyesa Kumunda: Kukwaniritsa Zosowa Zothandiza ndikutsimikizira Kuchita Bwino

Ngakhale kuyesa kwa labotale kumatha kuwerengera molondola kukana kwa unyolo, sikungathe kutsanzira mokwanira malo ovuta komanso osinthika ogwirira ntchito m'munda. Chifukwa chake, kuyesa m'munda ndi chinthu chofunikira chowonjezera pakutsimikizira kukana kwa unyolo wama roller amakina aulimi, zomwe zimapereka chiwonetsero chenicheni cha momwe unyolo umagwirira ntchito popanga ulimi weniweni.

Kuyesa mu Zochitika Zosiyanasiyana Zobzala Mbewu: Makina ozungulira a makina a ulimi amayesedwa m'munda m'mikhalidwe yofanana, yokonzedwa kuti igwirizane ndi makhalidwe obzala ndi kukolola a mbewu zosiyanasiyana, monga tirigu, mpunga, chimanga, ndi soya. Mwachitsanzo, muzochitika zokolola tirigu, unyolo umayikidwa pa chokolola chophatikiza kuti chiwone kukhazikika kwake pakugwira ntchito komanso kukana kukhudzidwa panthawi yokolola (pansi pa kuchuluka kwa udzu wosiyanasiyana ndi mikhalidwe ya m'munda yotsika). Muzochitika zobzala mpunga, magwiridwe antchito a unyolo pansi pa katundu wokhudzidwa m'minda ya matope amayesedwa. Kuyesa muzochitika zosiyanasiyana zobzala mbewu kumatsimikizira kusinthasintha kwa unyolo ndi kukana kukhudzidwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti ikwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana za ulimi. Kuyesa kopitilira kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali: Mu ulimi weniweni, makina a ulimi nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali (mwachitsanzo, panthawi yotanganidwa yaulimi, chokolola chophatikiza chingafunike kugwira ntchito kwa maola opitilira 10 patsiku). Munthawi imeneyi yogwira ntchito mosalekeza, unyolo umakumana ndi katundu wokhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa kosalekeza, kuyesa kwambiri kukana kwake kukhudzidwa komanso kudalirika. Chifukwa chake, ma chain a makina a zaulimi amayesedwa nthawi yayitali, kulemba kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito (monga kutalika kwa unyolo, kuwonongeka kwa zigawo, ndi kupezeka kwa zolakwika) pambuyo pa maola 100, 200, kapena kuposerapo a ntchito yopitilira. Kuyesedwa kwa ntchito yopitilira kumeneku kwa nthawi yayitali kumatithandiza kuwunika kulimba kwa unyolo ndi kukana kukhudzidwa kwake pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha magwiridwe antchito chomwe chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kwenikweni.

Kuyesa Kwambiri pa Momwe Makina Ogwirira Ntchito Amagwirira Ntchito: Kuti atsimikizire mokwanira kukana kwa mphamvu ya unyolo wozungulira makina a zaulimi, kuyesa m'munda kumachitikanso pansi pa mikhalidwe yoopsa kwambiri yogwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo omwe ali ndi dothi lolimba komanso miyala yambiri, magwiridwe antchito a unyolo pansi pa mphamvu ya kukana kukoka kwakukulu pamene thirakitala ikukoka pulawo amayesedwa. M'minda yotsetsereka yamapiri, magwiridwe antchito a unyolo pansi pa mphamvu ya kugwedezeka chifukwa cha kupendekeka ndi kusinthasintha kwa liwiro panthawi yokwera ndi kutsika kwa mapiri amayesedwa. Mikhalidwe yoopsa imeneyi yogwirira ntchito imawonetsa bwino mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukana kwa mphamvu ya unyolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti unyolo ukhale wabwino komanso wowongoka. Zimathandizanso ogwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa bwino mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ya unyolo, kupewa kulephera kwa zida chifukwa chopitirira malire a mphamvu ya unyolo panthawi yogwira ntchito yeniyeni.

IV. Kufunika Kothandiza kwa Kulimbana ndi Kusamvana: Ubwino Wosiyanasiyana pa Kupanga Ulimi

Kukana kugwedezeka bwino sikuti ndi chizindikiro cha ubwino wa makina ozungulira a ulimi okha, komanso kumabweretsa phindu looneka bwino pakupanga ulimi, kuyambira pakukweza magwiridwe antchito bwino ndikuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera mpaka kuonetsetsa kuti pali chitetezo, kuthandizira bwino kugwiritsa ntchito makina a ulimi.

(I) Kukonza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Makina Aulimi ndi Kuonetsetsa Kuti Zinthu Zikupita Patsogolo

Nthawi yolima ndi yofunika kwambiri. Pa ulimi, kusowa nthawi yabwino yobzala, kuthira feteleza, ndi kukolola nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa zokolola. Ngati makina odulira a ulimi alibe mphamvu zokwanira zotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka, nthawi zambiri amalephera (monga maulalo osweka ndi mapini ogwa) panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimafuna nthawi yopuma kuti akonze. Izi sizimangowononga nthawi yochuluka komanso zingayambitse nyengo yokolola yomwe yasowa komanso kutayika kwa ndalama kwa alimi. Makina odulira a ulimi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka amatsimikizira kuti ntchito yawo ndi yokhazikika m'minda yovuta, amachepetsa nthawi yopuma yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Amasunga bwino ntchito ngakhale akukumana ndi zovuta zazikulu, kuonetsetsa kuti makina a ulimi akugwira ntchito mosalekeza komanso moyenera, kuthandiza alimi kumaliza ntchito zopanga ulimi pa nthawi yake, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikupita patsogolo, ndikuyika maziko a zokolola zambiri komanso zokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yokolola tirigu, chokolola chophatikiza chokhala ndi unyolo wodulira womwe sukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugwedezeka chingagwire ntchito bwino kwa masiku angapo, kupewa kuchedwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa unyolo. Poyerekeza ndi otuta omwe amagwiritsa ntchito unyolo wamba, dongosololi likhoza kusintha magwiridwe antchito ndi 10%-20%. (II) Kukulitsa Moyo wa Unyolo ndi Kuchepetsa Ndalama Zosamalira
Kusintha ndi kusamalira unyolo wa makina a ulimi kumafuna anthu ambiri, zipangizo, ndi ndalama. Ngati nthawi ya unyolo ndi yochepa, kusintha nthawi zambiri sikungowonjezera ndalama zopangira alimi komanso kumakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito oyenera a makina a ulimi. Unyolo wa makina a ulimi wokhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kugwedezeka kwambiri, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kabwino, zipangizo zapamwamba, komanso njira zopangira zapamwamba, umalimbana bwino ndi kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka, umachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa unyolo, komanso umawonjezera kwambiri nthawi yawo yogwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale unyolo wamba wa makina a ulimi ukhoza kukhala ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito ya maola 300-500 okha m'mikhalidwe yovuta yamunda, unyolo wokhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kugwedezeka kwambiri ukhoza kuwonjezera nthawi yawo yogwirira ntchito mpaka maola 800-1000, kapena kupitirira apo. Kuphatikiza apo, unyolo wokhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kugwedezeka kwambiri uli ndi mphamvu yotsika yotsika panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka ndi mtengo wokonzera ndikuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera alimi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndalama zokonzera thirakitala pachaka chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa unyolo ndi 2,000 yuan, kugwiritsa ntchito unyolo wokhala ndi mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri kungachepetse ndalamazi kufika pa 500 yuan, zomwe zimapulumutsa alimi ndalama zokwana 1,500 yuan pachaka.

(III) Kuonetsetsa Kuti Makina Aulimi Akugwira Ntchito Mwachitetezo ndi Kuchepetsa Ngozi Zachitetezo
Pa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya makina a zaulimi, ngati unyolo wasweka mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa makinawo, sizimangoyambitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito kwa makinawo komanso zitha kuyambitsa ngozi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati unyolo woyendetsa makina osakaniza usweka mwadzidzidzi panthawi yogwira ntchito mwachangu, unyolo woswekawo ukhoza kutayidwa kunja ndikugunda mbali zina za makinawo kapena antchito apafupi, zomwe zingawononge zidazo kapena kuwonongeka. Ma unyolo ozungulira makina a zaulimi, omwe ali ndi kukana kwawo bwino kwa mphamvu, amasunga kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake pansi pa mphamvu yogwedezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asagwere mosavuta kulephera kwakukulu monga kusweka mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha ngozi. Kuphatikiza apo, magwiridwe antchito awo okhazikika amatsimikizira kuti makina a zaulimi amagwira ntchito bwino, amachepetsa zolakwika zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kulumpha kwa unyolo ndi kudzaza, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito za makina a zaulimi ndi chitetezo komanso kuteteza miyoyo ndi katundu wa alimi. (IV) Kukonza Magwiridwe Abwino Onse a Makina Azaulimi ndi Kulimbikitsa Kukweza Makina Azaulimi

Monga gawo lalikulu la makina otumizira makina a zaulimi, magwiridwe antchito a makina otumizira makina a zaulimi amakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito onse a makina a zaulimi. Makina otumizira makina a zaulimi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yolimba komanso yolimba amapereka mphamvu yokhazikika komanso yodalirika yotumizira makina a zaulimi, kuonetsetsa kuti makina a zaulimi angagwiritse ntchito bwino ntchito zake pansi pa zovuta zogwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mathirakitala okhala ndi machubu otumizira makina amphamvu amatha kuthana mosavuta ndi katundu wovuta akamakoka zida zolemera zaulimi, kusunga mphamvu yogwira ntchito komanso kukonza bwino ntchito yolima. Makina okolola ophatikizana okhala ndi machubu otumizira makina amphamvu amatha kusunga liwiro lokhazikika panthawi yokolola, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa tirigu ndikuwongolera bwino ntchito yokolola. Ndi kupititsa patsogolo kosalekeza kwa kukana mphamvu kwa makina a zaulimi, magwiridwe antchito onse a makina a zaulimi adzawongoleredwa kwambiri, zomwe zidzapangitsa kuti makina a zaulimi akhale abwino komanso ogwira ntchito bwino, ndikuyika chilimbikitso champhamvu pakukula kwa ntchito zaulimi.

V. Mapeto: Kukana Kukhudzidwa - "Njira Yothandizira" Makina Ozungulira a Zaulimi

Popeza makina a zaulimi akuchulukirachulukira, kukana mphamvu kwa makina odulira a ulimi, monga "cholumikizira chamagetsi" cha zida zaulimi, kwakhala kofunika kwambiri. Kuyambira kukana mphamvu ya malo ovuta, kupirira kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa katundu wogwirira ntchito, mpaka kukana kukokoloka kwa nthaka m'malo ovuta, kukana mphamvu yabwino kwambiri ndiyo "njira yothandiza" ya makina odulira a ulimi kuti agwire ntchito bwino pakupanga ulimi.