Momwe Mungadziwire Chitetezo cha Roller Chain

Momwe Mungadziwire Chitetezo cha Roller Chain

Mu makina otumizira magiya a mafakitale, chitetezo cha unyolo wozungulira chimatsimikizira mwachindunji kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida, moyo wautumiki, ndi chitetezo cha wogwiritsa ntchito. Kaya ndi kutumiza kwamphamvu mumakina opangira migodi kapena kutumiza molondola m'mizere yopangira yokha, zinthu zotetezeka zomwe zakhazikitsidwa molakwika zitha kubweretsa kusweka kwa unyolo msanga, nthawi yogwira ntchito ya zida, komanso ngozi. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwadongosolo momwe mungadziwire chitetezo cha unyolo wozungulira, kuyambira mfundo zoyambira, masitepe ofunikira, zinthu zokhudzira, mpaka malangizo othandiza, kuthandiza mainjiniya, ogula, ndi osamalira zida kupanga zisankho zolondola.

I. Kumvetsetsa Koyambira kwa Chitetezo: Chifukwa Chake Ndi "Mzere Wa Moyo" wa Kusankha Unyolo Wozungulira

Chitetezo (SF) ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yeniyeni yonyamula katundu ya unyolo wozungulira poyerekeza ndi katundu wake weniweni wogwirira ntchito. Kwenikweni, chimapereka "malire otetezeka" pakugwira ntchito kwa unyolo. Sikuti chimangochotsa kusatsimikizika monga kusinthasintha kwa katundu ndi kusokoneza chilengedwe, komanso chimaphimba zoopsa zomwe zingachitike monga zolakwika zopangira unyolo ndi kusokonekera kwa kukhazikitsa. Ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chogwirizanitsa chitetezo ndi mtengo.

1.1 Tanthauzo Lofunika la Chitetezo
Fomula yowerengera chitetezo ndi iyi: Safety Factor (SF) = Roller Chain Rated Load Capacity (Fₙ) / Real Working Load (F_w).
Kulemera koyenera (Fₙ): Kumatsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga unyolo kutengera zinthu, kapangidwe kake (monga pitch ndi roller diameter), ndi njira yopangira, nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo dynamic load rating (katundu wofanana ndi moyo wotopa) ndi static load rating (katundu wofanana ndi kusweka kwadzidzidzi). Izi zitha kupezeka m'makatalogu azinthu kapena mu miyezo monga GB/T 1243 ndi ISO 606.
Katundu Weniweni Wogwira Ntchito (F_w): Katundu wapamwamba kwambiri womwe unyolo ungathe kupirira pakugwira ntchito kwenikweni. Izi zimaganizira zinthu monga kugwedezeka koyambira, kuchuluka kwa zinthu, ndi kusinthasintha kwa momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito, osati kungolemera mongoganizira chabe.

1.2 Miyezo ya Makampani pa Zinthu Zovomerezeka za Chitetezo
Zofunikira pazinthu zotetezera zimasiyana kwambiri pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito. Kutchula mwachindunji "zinthu zotetezeka zovomerezeka" zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi miyezo yamakampani kapena miyezo yamakampani ndikofunikira kuti tipewe zolakwika posankha. Izi ndi zomwe zikusonyeza zinthu zotetezeka zovomerezeka pazochitika zodziwika bwino zogwirira ntchito (zochokera pa GB/T 18150 ndi machitidwe amakampani):

II. Njira Yaikulu Ya Masitepe Anayi Yodziwira Zinthu Zokhudza Chitetezo cha Unyolo Wozungulira

Kudziwa chitetezo si njira yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito; kumafuna kusanthula pang'onopang'ono kutengera momwe zinthu zilili kuti zitsimikizire kuti deta yolondola komanso yodalirika ya katundu ikupezeka pa sitepe iliyonse. Njira yotsatirayi imagwira ntchito pa ntchito zambiri zamafakitale zozungulira.

Gawo 1: Dziwani kuchuluka kwa katundu woyesedwa wa unyolo wozungulira (Fₙ).
Ikani patsogolo kupeza deta kuchokera ku kabukhu ka zinthu za wopanga. Samalani ndi "kuchuluka kwa katundu wosinthika" (nthawi zambiri kofanana ndi maola 1000 a moyo wotopa) ndi "kuchuluka kwa katundu wosasunthika" (kofanana ndi kusweka kwa mphamvu yosasunthika) kolembedwa pa kabukhu. Zonsezi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito padera (kuchuluka kwa katundu wosinthika pamikhalidwe ya katundu wosinthika, kukwera kwa katundu wosasunthika pamikhalidwe ya katundu wosasunthika kapena mikhalidwe yotsika liwiro).
Ngati deta ya zitsanzo ikusowa, kuwerengera kungapangidwe kutengera miyezo ya dziko. Potengera GB/T 1243 mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya dynamic load rating (F₁) ya unyolo wozungulira (F₁) kungayesedwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi: F₁ = 270 × (d₁)¹.⁸ (d₁ ndi pin diameter, mu mm). Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya static load rating (F₂) kuli pafupifupi nthawi 3-5 kuposa mphamvu ya dynamic load rating (kutengera zinthu; nthawi 3 pa carbon steel ndi nthawi 5 pa alloy steel).

Kukonza zinthu zapadera zogwirira ntchito: Ngati unyolo ukugwira ntchito kutentha kopitilira 120°C, kapena ngati pali dzimbiri (monga momwe zilili ndi mankhwala), kapena ngati pali fumbi losweka, mphamvu yolemetsa iyenera kuchepetsedwa. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu yolemetsa imachepetsedwa ndi 10%-15% pa kutentha kulikonse kwa 100°C; m'malo osweka, kuchepetsa ndi 20%-30%.

Gawo 2: Werengani Katundu Weniweni Wogwira Ntchito (F_w)
Katundu weniweni wogwirira ntchito ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwerengera zinthu zachitetezo ndipo chiyenera kuwerengedwa mokwanira kutengera mtundu wa zida ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito "katundu wongopeka" ngati cholowa m'malo mwake. Dziwani katundu woyambira (F₀): Werengerani katundu wongopeka kutengera momwe zida zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, katundu woyambira wa unyolo wonyamulira = kulemera kwa zinthu + kulemera kwa unyolo + kulemera kwa lamba wonyamulira (zonse zimawerengedwa pa mita imodzi); katundu woyambira wa unyolo woyendetsa = mphamvu ya mota × 9550 / (liwiro la sprocket × magwiridwe antchito a kutumiza).
Chofunikira Kwambiri Chonyamula (K): Chofunikira ichi chimaganizira zolemetsa zina panthawi yogwira ntchito. Fomula ndi F_w = F₀ × K, pomwe K ndiye cholemetsa chophatikizana ndipo chiyenera kusankhidwa kutengera momwe ntchito ikuyendera:
Chiyambi cha Kugwedezeka (K₁): 1.2-1.5 pazida zoyambira zofewa ndi 1.5-2.5 pazida zoyambira mwachindunji.
Chowonjezera Chowonjezera (K₂): 1.0-1.2 kuti igwire ntchito mosalekeza komanso 1.2-1.8 kuti igwiritse ntchito mopitirira muyeso (monga, crusher).
Chiŵerengero cha Mkhalidwe Wogwirira Ntchito (K₃): 1.0 pa malo oyera ndi ouma, 1.1-1.3 pa malo a chinyezi ndi fumbi, ndi 1.3-1.5 pa malo owononga.
Chofunikira Chonyamula Katundu K = K₁ × K₂ × K₃. Mwachitsanzo, pa lamba woyendetsera migodi mwachindunji, K = 2.0 (K₁) × 1.5 (K₂) × 1.2 (K₃) = 3.6.