Kodi njira yothira mafuta ya unyolo wozungulira imakhudza bwanji kusankha?

Kodi njira yothira mafuta ya unyolo wozungulira imakhudza bwanji kusankha?

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za makampani, pafupifupi 60% ya kulephera kwa unyolo wozungulira msanga kumachitika chifukwa cha kudzola kosayenera. Kusankha njira yodzola si "gawo lokonzekera pambuyo pokonza" koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuyambira pachiyambi. Kaya kutumiza kunja kwa mafakitale, makina aulimi, kapena kukonza chakudya, kunyalanyaza kufananiza njira yodzola ndi makhalidwe a unyolo kungafupikitse kwambiri moyo wa unyolo ndikuwonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ngakhale ndi chitsanzo ndi zipangizo zoyenera. Nkhaniyi igawa njira zodzola, kusanthula momwe zimakhudzira kusankha, ndikupereka njira zothandiza zosankhira kuti zikuthandizeni kupewa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri pakusankha zinthu kunja.

1. Kumvetsetsa Kusiyana Kwakukulu Pakati pa Njira Zinayi Zazikulu Zopaka Mafuta a Roller Chain
Musanakambirane za kusankha, ndikofunikira kufotokoza bwino malire oyenera a njira zosiyanasiyana zodzola. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta, kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe, komanso ndalama zosamalira zimatsimikizira mwachindunji "makhalidwe achibadwa" omwe amafunikira pa unyolo.

1. Kupaka mafuta pamanja (Kupaka/Kutsuka)
Mfundo: Mafuta odzola amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pamalo okangana monga ma pin ndi ma rollers pogwiritsa ntchito burashi kapena oiler.
Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri: Mtengo wotsika wa zida ndi ntchito yosavuta, koma mafuta osafanana (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi "mafuta ochulukirapo" kapena "mafuta osakwanira") komanso kusowa mafuta ochulukirapo nthawi zonse ndi zofala.
Ntchito Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito: Malo otseguka okhala ndi liwiro lotsika (liwiro lolunjika < 0.5 m/s) ndi katundu wopepuka (katundu < 50% ya katundu wovomerezeka), monga zonyamulira zazing'ono ndi zonyamulira zamanja.

2. Mafuta Opaka Madontho (Oil Dripper)
Mfundo: Chopopera mafuta chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka (chokhala ndi valavu yowongolera kuyenda) chimathira mafuta okhazikika mu unyolo wokangana. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera (monga, madontho 1-5 pa mphindi).
Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri: Kupaka mafuta mofanana komanso kupopera mafuta m'malo ofunikira n'kotheka. Komabe, njira iyi si yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu kwambiri (madontho a mafuta amachotsedwa mosavuta ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal) ndipo imafuna kudzaza mafuta nthawi zonse mu thanki yamafuta. Ntchito Zoyenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Malo otsekedwa pang'ono okhala ndi liwiro lapakati (0.5-2 m/s) ndi katundu wapakati, monga unyolo woyendetsera zida zamakina ndi unyolo waung'ono wa fan.

3. Mafuta Opaka Bafa (Kupaka Mafuta Othira)
Mfundo: Gawo la unyolo (nthawi zambiri unyolo wapansi) limamizidwa mu malo osungira mafuta odzola m'bokosi lotsekedwa. Pakagwiritsidwa ntchito, mafutawo amanyamulidwa ndi ma rollers, kuonetsetsa kuti pamwamba pa kukangana pamakhala mafuta ochulukirapo komanso kupereka kutentha kokwanira.
Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri: Mafuta okwanira komanso kutentha bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mafuta asamachuluke. Komabe, unyolowu umakhala ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito (gawo loviikidwamo limakhudzidwa ndi mafuta), ndipo mafutawo amaipitsidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zosafunika ndipo amafunika kusinthidwa nthawi zonse.
Ntchito Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito: Malo otsekedwa okhala ndi liwiro lalikulu (2-8 m/s) ndi katundu wolemera, monga maunyolo mkati mwa zochepetsera ndi maunyolo a ma gearbox akuluakulu.

4. Mafuta Opopera (Mafuta Opopera Opanikizika Kwambiri)
Mfundo: Mafuta opaka mafuta amapangidwa ndi atomu pogwiritsa ntchito pampu yamphamvu kwambiri ndipo amapopera mwachindunji pamwamba pa unyolo wokangana kudzera mu nozzle. Utsi wa mafuta uli ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono (5-10 μm) ndipo ukhoza kuphimba nyumba zovuta popanda kukana kwina. Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri: Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta moyenera komanso kusinthasintha kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mwachangu/kutentha kwambiri. Komabe, zida zapadera zopopera (zomwe ndi zokwera mtengo) zimafunika, ndipo utsi wa mafuta uyenera kubwezedwa kuti upewe kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.

Ntchito Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito: Liwiro lapamwamba (>8 m/s), kutentha kwambiri (>150°C), kapena malo otseguka ndi fumbi, monga unyolo wophwanyira migodi ndi unyolo woyendetsa makina omangira.

II. Chinsinsi: Zinthu Zitatu Zokhudza Njira Yopaka Mafuta Pa Kusankha Unyolo Wozungulira

Posankha unyolo wozungulira, mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti “yambani ndidziwe njira yothira mafuta, kenako magawo a unyolo.” Njira yothira mafuta imatsimikiza mwachindunji zinthu za unyolo, kapangidwe kake, komanso ndalama zosamalira pambuyo pake. Izi zimawonekera m'magawo atatu apadera:

1. Kukonza Zinthu ndi Malo Ozungulira: "Mzere Woyambira" Wogwirizana ndi Malo Opaka Mafuta
Njira zosiyanasiyana zothira mafuta zimagwirizana ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a chilengedwe, ndipo unyolo wa zinthuzo uyenera kukhala ndi zolekerera zofanana:

Mafuta Opaka/Opopera Mafuta: Mukagwiritsa ntchito mafuta opaka m'mafakitale monga mafuta amchere ndi mafuta opangidwa, unyolowu umakhala wosavuta kukhudzidwa ndi mafuta ndi zinyalala. Zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri ziyenera kusankhidwa, monga chitsulo cha galvanized carbon (chogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse) kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo onyowa kapena owononga pang'ono). Pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri (>200°C), zitsulo zosagwira kutentha (monga chitsulo cha Cr-Mo) ziyenera kusankhidwa kuti zisafewe chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Mafuta Opaka Pamanja: Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mumakampani ogulitsa chakudya (monga, zonyamulira chakudya), zinthu zogwirizana ndi chakudya (monga, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304) ziyenera kusankhidwa, ndipo pamwamba pake payenera kupukutidwa kuti pasapezeke zotsalira za mafuta ndi kukula kwa mabakiteriya. Mafuta opaka zakudya (monga, mafuta oyera) ayeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Malo Okhala ndi Fumbi + Mafuta Opopera: Fumbi limamatira mosavuta pamwamba pa unyolo, kotero mankhwala osatha (monga carburizing, quenching, kapena phosphate) amafunika kuti fumbi lisasakanikirane ndi mafuta kuti apange "zotupa" ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa unyolo.

2. Kapangidwe ka Kapangidwe: Kufananiza Njira Yopaka Mafuta Ndi Chinsinsi cha Kuchita Bwino
Tsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe ka unyolo uyenera "kutumikira" njira yothira mafuta; apo ayi, mafuta adzalephera kukhetsa.

Kupaka Mafuta Pamanja: Kapangidwe kake kovuta sikofunikira, koma kuyika unyolo waukulu (>16mm) ndi malo oyenera ndikofunikira. Ngati kuyikako kuli kochepa kwambiri (monga, kochepera 8mm), kupaka mafuta pamanja kumakhala kovuta kulowa mu friction pair, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "mafuta asawonekere." Kupaka mafuta m'bafa: Choteteza chotsekedwa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mafuta asatuluke ndi zinyalala zisalowe, ndipo unyolo uyenera kupangidwa ndi chowongolera mafuta kuti ubwerere ku malo osungira mafuta, kuchepetsa zinyalala. Ngati unyolo ukufuna kupindika mbali, malo oti mafuta ayende ayenera kusungidwa mkati mwa choteteza.

Mafuta opopera: Unyolo uyenera kupangidwa ndi ma plate otseguka a unyolo (monga ma plate opanda kanthu a unyolo) kuti unyolo wa mafuta usatsekedwe ndi ma plate a unyolo ndikuuletsa kuti usafike pamwamba pa kukangana pakati pa ma pin ndi ma rollers. Kuphatikiza apo, malo osungira mafuta ayenera kuperekedwa kumapeto onse a ma pin a unyolo kuti asunge kwakanthawi unyolo wa mafuta ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya mafuta.

3. Kugwirizana kwa Mkhalidwe wa Ntchito: Kumazindikira "M'moyo Weniweni wa Utumiki" wa Chain

Kusankha njira yolakwika yopaka mafuta pa unyolo woyenera kungafupikitse mwachindunji moyo wa unyolo ndi kupitirira 50%. Zochitika wamba ndi izi:

Cholakwika 1: Kusankha "mafuta odzola ndi manja" pa unyolo wothamanga kwambiri (10 m/s) - Mafuta odzola ndi manja sangagwirizane ndi zofunikira pakukangana kwa ntchito yothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma roller awonongeke komanso kuti pini igwire mkati mwa mwezi umodzi. Komabe, kusankha mafuta opopera ndi ma plate opanda unyolo kungathe kukulitsa moyo wa ntchitoyo mpaka zaka 2-3. Lingaliro Lolakwika 2: Kusankha "mafuta odzola ndi bafa" pa unyolo mumakampani ogulitsa chakudya—mabafa amafuta amatha kusunga zotsalira za mafuta mkati mwa chishango, ndipo kusintha kwa mafuta kumatha kuipitsa chakudya mosavuta. Kusankha "mafuta odzola ndi unyolo wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304" ndi mafuta odzola a chakudya kumakwaniritsa miyezo yaukhondo ndipo kumapereka moyo wa zaka zoposa 1.5.

Lingaliro Lolakwika 3: Kusankha "chitsulo cha kaboni chokhazikika chokhala ndi mafuta otayira" pa unyolo m'malo onyowa—mafuta otayira saphimba bwino pamwamba pa unyolo, ndipo mpweya wonyowa ungayambitse dzimbiri. Kusankha "chitsulo cha kaboni chopangidwa ndi galvanized chokhala ndi mafuta osambira" (malo otsekedwa amachotsa chinyezi) kungalepheretse dzimbiri.

III. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwaluso: Buku Lotsogolera la Masitepe Anayi Losankha Unyolo Wozungulira Potengera Njira Yopaka Mafuta
Kudziwa bwino njira zotsatirazi kudzakuthandizani kufananiza mwachangu "njira yothira mafuta - magawo a unyolo" ndikupewa zolakwika pakusankha panthawi yotumiza zinthu kunja:
Gawo 1: Dziwani magawo atatu ofunikira a momwe ntchito ikuyendera
Choyamba, sonkhanitsani zambiri zokhudza momwe kasitomala amagwirira ntchito; ichi ndi chofunikira kuti mudziwe njira yothira mafuta:
Magawo ogwirira ntchito: liwiro la mzere wa unyolo (m/s), maola ogwirira ntchito a tsiku ndi tsiku (h), mtundu wa katundu (katundu wokhazikika/katundu wogwedezeka);
Magawo a chilengedwe: kutentha (kwabwinobwino/kwapamwamba/kotsika), chinyezi (chouma/chonyowa), zoipitsa (fumbi/mafuta/zowononga);
Zofunikira m'makampani: ngati unyolowu ukukwaniritsa miyezo yapadera monga kalasi ya chakudya (chitsimikizo cha FDA), chitsimikizo choteteza kuphulika (chitsimikizo cha ATEX), ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe (chitsimikizo cha RoHS).

Gawo 2: Gwirizanitsani njira yopaka mafuta kutengera magawo
Kutengera ndi magawo ochokera mu gawo 1, sankhani njira imodzi kapena ziwiri zomwe zingatheke zopaka mafuta kuchokera ku njira zinayi zomwe zilipo (onani zochitika zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika mu gawo 1). Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo:
Chitsanzo: Chonyamulira chakudya (liwiro lolunjika 0.8 m/s, kutentha kwa chipinda, satifiketi ya FDA ikufunika) → Njira: Kupaka mafuta pamanja (mafuta apamwamba);
Chitsanzo: Chotsukira cha migodi (liwiro lolunjika 12 m/s, kutentha kwambiri 200°C, fumbi lalikulu) → Njira: Mafuta opopera (mafuta opangidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri);
Chitsanzo: Kutumiza zida zamakina (liwiro lolunjika 1.5 m/s, malo otsekedwa, katundu wapakati) → Njira: Kupaka mafuta otayira / Kupaka mafuta osambira

Gawo 3: Sefani Magawo a Unyolo wa Kiyi pogwiritsa ntchito Njira Yopaka Mafuta
Mukatha kudziwa njira yothira mafuta, yang'anani kwambiri magawo anayi a unyolo wapakati:
Njira Yopaka Mafuta, Zinthu Zovomerezeka, Chithandizo Chapamwamba, Zofunikira Pakapangidwe ka Nyumba, ndi Zowonjezera
Mafuta Opaka Pamanja: Chitsulo cha Carbon / Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri 304, Chopukutidwa (Chakudya Chochuluka), Pitch > 16mm, Palibe (kapena Chitini cha Mafuta)
Mafuta Opaka Madontho: Chitsulo cha Carbon / Chitsulo cha Carbon Chopangidwa ndi Galvanized, Chokhala ndi Phosphated / Chodetsedwa, Chokhala ndi Mabowo a Mafuta (Osavuta Kuthira Madontho), Mafuta Opaka Madontho
Mafuta Opaka Bafa: Chitsulo cha Carbon / Cr-Mo, Chotenthetsera ndi Chozimitsidwa, Choteteza Chotsekedwa + Buku la Mafuta, Gauge ya Mafuta, Valvu Yotulutsira Mafuta
Mafuta Opopera: Chitsulo Chosatentha, Chophimba Chosavala, Mbale Yopanda Unyolo + Chosungira Mafuta, Pump Yopopera, Chipangizo Chobwezeretsa

Gawo 4: Kutsimikizira ndi Kukonza (Kupewa Zoopsa Pambuyo pake)
Gawo lomaliza limafuna kutsimikizira kawiri ndi kasitomala ndi wogulitsa:
Tsimikizirani ndi kasitomala ngati njira yothira mafuta ikukwaniritsa zofunikira pazida zomwe zili pamalopo (monga ngati pali malo oti mupopere mafuta komanso ngati mafuta odzola nthawi zonse angadzazidwenso);
Tsimikizirani ndi wogulitsa ngati unyolo womwe wasankhidwa uli woyenera njira iyi yothira mafuta. "Nthawi yoyembekezeredwa yogwiritsira ntchito" ndi "nthawi yosamalira." Zitsanzo ziyenera kuperekedwa kuti ziyesedwe ngati pakufunika kutero.

Malangizo Okonza Zinthu: Ngati kasitomala ali ndi bajeti yochepa, "njira yotsika mtengo" ingalimbikitsidwe (monga, pogwiritsira ntchito liwiro lapakati, mafuta odzola amawononga ndalama zochepa ndi 30% kuposa zida zopopera mafuta).

IV. Zolakwa Zodziwika Kwambiri ndi Zovuta za Bizinesi Yotumiza Kunja

Pa kutumiza kunja kwa unyolo wozungulira, kunyalanyaza njira yothira mafuta kumabweretsa 15% ya kubweza ndi kusinthana. Zolakwika zitatu zotsatirazi ziyenera kupewedwa:

Cholakwika 1: "Sankhani chitsanzo cha unyolo kaye, kenako ganizirani njira yothira mafuta."

Chiwopsezo: Mwachitsanzo, ngati unyolo wothamanga kwambiri (monga RS60) wasankhidwa, koma kasitomala amalola mafuta odzola okha pamalopo, unyolowo ukhoza kulephera mkati mwa mwezi umodzi.

Zopinga zopewera: Ganizirani za "njira yopaka mafuta" ngati gawo loyamba posankha. Fotokozani momveka bwino "njira yopaka mafuta yovomerezeka ndi zofunikira zothandizira" mu ndemanga kuti mupewe mikangano pambuyo pake. Bodza lachiwiri: "Njira yopaka mafuta ikhoza kusinthidwa pambuyo pake."
Ngozi: Kasitomala poyamba amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola pamanja ndipo pambuyo pake amafuna kusintha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola m'bafa. Komabe, unyolo womwe ulipo ulibe chitetezo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta atuluke komanso kufunika kogulanso unyolo watsopano.
Kupewa: Mukasankha, dziwitsani kasitomala pasadakhale kuti njira yothira mafuta imagwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka unyolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zosinthira zikhale zokwera. Kutengera ndi dongosolo la kasitomala lokonzanso ntchito ya zaka zitatu, amalimbikitsa unyolo wogwirizana ndi njira zingapo zothira mafuta (monga womwe uli ndi chishango chochotseka).
Bodza Lachitatu: "Unyolo wa zakudya umangofuna kuti zinthuzo zikwaniritse miyezo; njira yopaka mafuta siyofunikira."
Chiwopsezo: Kasitomala amagula unyolo wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304 (zipangizo zovomerezeka ndi chakudya) koma amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta wamba a mafakitale (osavomerezeka ndi chakudya), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katunduyo atsekedwe ndi kasitomu m'dziko la kasitomala.
Kupewa: Pa maoda otumiza kunja ku makampani azakudya, onetsetsani kuti mbali zonse zitatu za unyolo wa zinthu, mafuta odzola, ndi njira yodzola zikugwirizana ndi miyezo ya chakudya ndipo perekani zikalata zovomerezeka (monga satifiketi ya FDA kapena NSF).

Chidule
Kusankha unyolo wa roller si nkhani ya "kufananiza parameter imodzi" koma njira yokhazikika yokhudza "njira yothira mafuta, momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndi mawonekedwe a unyolo." Kwa mabizinesi otumiza kunja, kusankha kolondola sikuti kumangowonjezera kukhutitsidwa kwa makasitomala (kuchepetsa mavuto obwera pambuyo pogulitsa) komanso kumasonyeza ukatswiri. Kupatula apo, makasitomala samangofuna "unyolo," amafuna "unyolo womwe udzagwira ntchito bwino pazida zawo kwa zaka 2-3."