Kodi chithandizo cha nitriding chimathandiza bwanji kuti unyolo wozungulira usamawonongeke?
1. Chiyambi
Mu mafakitale amakono, maunyolo ozungulira ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lotumizira ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zida zosiyanasiyana zamakanika. Ubwino wa magwiridwe antchito awo umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wautumiki wa zidazo. Kukana kuvala ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za magwiridwe antchitomaunyolo ozungulira, ndi chithandizo cha nitriding, monga ukadaulo wogwira mtima wolimbitsa pamwamba, zitha kusintha kwambiri kukana kwa unyolo wozungulira.
2. Mfundo yaikulu ya chithandizo cha nitriding
Chithandizo cha nitriding ndi njira yochizira kutentha pamwamba yomwe imalola maatomu a nayitrogeni kulowa pamwamba pa workpiece pa kutentha kwinakwake komanso mu sing'anga inayake kuti apange nitride layer yolimba kwambiri. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imachitika pa kutentha kwa 500-540℃ ndipo imatenga maola 35-65. Kuzama kwa nitriding layer nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa, mwachitsanzo, kuzama kwa nitriding layer ya chromium-molybdenum-aluminium steel ndi 0.3-0.65mm yokha. Kulimba kwa pamwamba pa workpiece pambuyo pa chithandizo cha nitriding kumatha kusinthidwa kwambiri kufika pa 1100-1200HV (yofanana ndi 67-72HRC).
3. Njira yochotsera nitriding
Njira yochotsera nitriding imaphatikizapo magawo otsatirawa:
Kutentha: Tenthetsani unyolo wozungulira kutentha kwa nitriding, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 500-540℃.
Kuteteza: Mukafika kutentha kwa nitriding, sungani nthawi yoti muteteze kuti maatomu a nayitrogeni athe kulowa bwino pamwamba pa workpiece.
Kuziziritsa: Mukamaliza kuziziritsa, ziziritsani pang'onopang'ono ntchito yogwirira ntchito kuti mupewe kupsinjika mkati.
Pa nthawi yokonza nitriding, mpweya wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, monga ammonia, nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ammonia imawola kutentha kwambiri kuti ipange maatomu a nayitrogeni, omwe amalowa pamwamba pa ntchitoyo kuti apange nitride layer. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti akonze bwino nitriding effect, zinthu zina za alloy monga aluminiyamu, titaniyamu, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, ndi zina zotero zimawonjezeredwa ku chitsulocho. Zinthuzi zimatha kupanga zinthu zokhazikika ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nayitrogeni ikhale yolimba komanso yolimba.
4. Njira yowonjezera kukana kwa unyolo wozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito nitriding
(I) Kukonza kuuma kwa pamwamba
Pambuyo pothira nitride, gawo la nitride lolimba kwambiri limapangidwa pamwamba pa unyolo wozungulira. Gawo la nitride ili limatha kukana kuwonongeka kwa katundu wakunja ndikuchepetsa kukanda pamwamba ndi kuya kwa kuwonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, kuuma kwa pamwamba pa unyolo wozungulira womwe wathira nitride kumatha kufika 1100-1200HV, komwe kuli kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kuuma kwa pamwamba pa unyolo wozungulira womwe sunachiritsidwe.
(II) Kukonza kapangidwe ka zinthu zazing'ono pamwamba
Chithandizo cha nitride chingapange tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta nitride pamwamba pa unyolo wozungulira. Tinthu tating'onoting'onoti timagawidwa mofanana mu matrix, zomwe zingathandize bwino kukana kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba komanso kukana kutopa. Kuphatikiza apo, kupangidwa kwa unyolo wozungulira kungathandizenso kukonza kapangidwe kake ka unyolo wozungulira, kuchepetsa zolakwika ndi ming'alu pamwamba, motero kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito onse a unyolo wozungulira.
(III) Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kutopa
Chithandizo cha nitriding sichimangowonjezera kuuma ndi kukana kutopa kwa pamwamba pa unyolo wozungulira, komanso chimawonjezera kwambiri kukana kutopa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti unyolo wozungulira umatha kufalitsa bwino kupsinjika ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika, motero kuchepetsa mwayi wopanga ming'alu ndi kukulira kwa kutopa. Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wa unyolo wozungulira njinga zamoto ndi unyolo wotumizira, zidapezeka kuti kuuma pamwamba ndi kukana kutopa kwa shaft yachitsulo chozimitsidwa ndi chotenthetsera cha carbon chomwe chimathandizidwa ndi carbonitriding zidakwera kwambiri.
(IV) Kuonjezera kukana dzimbiri
Gawo lolimba la nitride limapangidwa pamwamba pa unyolo wozungulira pambuyo pokonza nitride. Gawo la nitride ili lingathe kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndi zinthu zakunja zowononga ndikuwonjezera kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa unyolo wozungulira. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa unyolo wozungulira womwe umagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta, ndipo ukhoza kukulitsa nthawi yawo yogwira ntchito.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera madzi mu kupanga unyolo wozungulira
(I) Kukweza nthawi yogwira ntchito ya unyolo wozungulira
Chithandizo cha nitriding chingathandize kwambiri kukana kutopa ndi kutopa kwa unyolo wozungulira, motero kukulitsa moyo wawo wautumiki. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa chithandizo cha nitriding, moyo wautumiki wa unyolo wonyamula katundu wamphamvu komanso wosasunthika wawonjezeka kuwirikiza kawiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa unyolo wozungulira pambuyo pa chithandizo cha nitriding ukhoza kukana bwino kupanga ming'alu yowonongeka ndi kutopa panthawi yogwira ntchito, motero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kukonza ndi kusintha.
(II) Kulimbitsa kudalirika kwa unyolo wozungulira
Unyolo wozungulira pambuyo pokonza nitriding uli ndi kuuma kwakukulu pamwamba komanso kukana kutopa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale wodalirika kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito. Ngakhale ukagwira ntchito pansi pa katundu wambiri komanso malo ovuta, unyolo wozungulira pambuyo pokonza nitriding ukhoza kukhalabe ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino ndikuchepetsa mwayi wolephera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazida zina zomwe zimafunikira kudalirika kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kukonza bwino magwiridwe antchito a zida.
(III) Kuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira ma roller chain
Popeza kukonza nitriding kungathandize kwambiri moyo wautumiki komanso kudalirika kwa ma roller chain, kungachepetse bwino ndalama zokonzera. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kukonza ndi kusintha sikungopulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwachuma komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nthawi yogwira ntchito ya zida. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazachuma kwa mabizinesi.
6. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa chithandizo cha nitriding
(I) Ubwino
Kuwongolera kwambiri kukana kuvala: Kukonza ndi nitriding kungathandize kwambiri kuuma ndi kukana kuvala pamwamba pa unyolo wozungulira, motero kumawonjezera nthawi yake yogwirira ntchito.
Kuonjezera kukana kutopa: Gawo lothira nitriding lingathe kufalitsa bwino kupsinjika ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika, motero kuchepetsa mwayi wopanga ming'alu ndikukula kwa kutopa.
Kuwongolera kukana dzimbiri: Gawo lolimba la nitride limapangidwa pamwamba pa unyolo wozungulira pambuyo pokonza nitriding, zomwe zingalepheretse bwino kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi zinthu zakunja zowononga.
Njira Yokhwima: Kukonza ndi kuyika nitridi ndi ukadaulo wolimbitsa pamwamba pa nthaka wokhwima wokhala ndi maziko ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito mafakitale.
(II) Zoyipa
Nthawi yayitali yokonza: Kukonza ndi nitriding nthawi zambiri kumatenga nthawi yayitali, monga maola 35-65, zomwe zingawonjezere ndalama zopangira.
Kukhudza pang'ono kukula kwa workpiece: Kukonza ndi nitriding kungayambitse kusintha pang'ono kukula kwa workpiece, komwe kumafuna chisamaliro chapadera m'mapulogalamu ena okhala ndi zofunikira zolondola kwambiri.
Zofunikira kwambiri pa zipangizo: Kukonza ndiitridi kumafuna zida zapadera komanso kuwongolera kwambiri njira zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zingawonjezere ndalama zogulira zida ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
7. Mapeto
Monga ukadaulo wogwira mtima wolimbitsa pamwamba, chithandizo cha nitriding chingathandize kwambiri kukana kutopa ndi kukana kutopa kwa unyolo wozungulira, motero kukulitsa moyo wawo wautumiki ndikuwonjezera kudalirika. Ngakhale chithandizo cha nitriding chili ndi zovuta zina, monga nthawi yayitali yokonza ndi zofunikira pazida zambiri, zabwino zake zimaposa zovuta zake. Kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha nitriding popanga unyolo wozungulira sikungongowonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi mtundu wa chinthucho, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira, zomwe zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu pazachuma ku bizinesi. Chifukwa chake, chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha nitriding popanga unyolo wozungulira ndi chachikulu, ndipo chikuyenera kufufuzidwa mozama ndi kukwezedwa ndi makampani ndi ofufuza.
8. Njira yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, ukadaulo wochiza ma nitride ukukula komanso kupanga zinthu zatsopano nthawi zonse. M'tsogolomu, ukadaulo wochiza ma nitride ukhoza kukulirakulira m'njira zotsatirazi:
Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a chithandizo: Mwa kukonza magawo a njira ndi ukadaulo wa zida, kufupikitsa nthawi yochizira nitriding ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a kupanga.
Chepetsani ndalama zogulira mankhwala: Mwa kukonza zida ndi njira zogwirira ntchito, chepetsani ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a nitriding.
Konzani bwino chithandizo: Mwa kuwongolera bwino magawo mu ndondomeko ya nitriding, konzani bwino komanso kufanana kwa gawo la nitriding.
Wonjezerani malo ogwiritsira ntchito: Gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo wokonza nitriding ku mitundu yambiri ya ma roller chain ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa ntchito zake.
Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokonza ma nitriding pakupanga ma roller chain kuli ndi tanthauzo lofunikira komanso kuli ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko. Kudzera mu kafukufuku wopitilira komanso zatsopano, tikukhulupirira kuti ukadaulo wokonza ma nitriding upereka chithandizo chachikulu pakukula kwa makampani opanga ma roller chain.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-18-2025