Kusanthula Zachuma pa Kusankha Unyolo wa Ma Roller

Kusanthula Zachuma pa Kusankha Unyolo wa Ma Roller

Mu makina otumizira magiya a mafakitale, maunyolo ozungulira, monga gawo lalikulu lophatikiza kudalirika ndi kusinthasintha, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga kupanga makina, zida zaulimi, ndi mayendedwe azinthu.maunyolo ozungulira, makampani nthawi zambiri amagwera mumsampha wosankha "mtengo wokha"—akukhulupirira kuti mtengo woyambira wogula ukakhala wotsika, umakhala wotsika mtengo, pomwe amanyalanyaza ndalama zobisika monga kutayika kwa nthawi yopuma, kukwera kwa ndalama zokonzera, komanso kuwononga mphamvu zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kusankha kosayenera. Kusankha koona zachuma kumayang'ana kwambiri kupitirira gawo limodzi la mtengo ndikugwiritsa ntchito "Life Cycle Value (LCC)" ngati maziko opezera ndalama zabwino kwambiri panthawi yonse yogula, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kukonza. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza maziko a magwiridwe antchito azachuma pakusankha unyolo wozungulira kuchokera m'magawo atatu: malingaliro osankha, zinthu zofunika kwambiri, ndi mfundo zothandiza.

I. Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri pa Kusankha Zachuma: Kuthawa Msampha wa "Ndalama Zoyambira"

"Kugwira ntchito bwino kwachuma" kwa ma roller chain sikungokhudza mtengo wogulira, koma kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa "ndalama zoyambira + ndalama zogwirira ntchito + zotayika zobisika." Makampani ambiri amasankha ma supply chain otsika mtengo kuti azilamulira ndalama zazifupi, koma amakumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa "miyezi itatu iliyonse," kuphatikiza kutsekedwa kwa mizere yopanga chifukwa chokonza ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zikhale zopitilira kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma supply chain apamwamba.

Mwachitsanzo, potengera fakitale yokonza zida zamagalimoto: Unyolo wosakhazikika wogulidwa pa yuan 800 uli ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito ya miyezi 6 yokha, womwe umafunika kusinthidwa kawiri pachaka. Nthawi iliyonse yogwira ntchito yokonza ndi maola 4. Kutengera mtengo wopangira wa yuan 5000 pa ola limodzi, kutayika kobisika pachaka kumafika pa yuan 40,000 (kuphatikiza ntchito yokonza ndi kutayika kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito), ndi ndalama zonse pachaka za 800×2+40000=41600 yuan. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusankha unyolo wapamwamba kwambiri wogwirizana ndi miyezo ya DIN, wokhala ndi mtengo woyambira wogula wa yuan 1500, nthawi yogwira ntchito ya miyezi 24, womwe umafuna kukonza kamodzi kokha pachaka ndi maola awiri ogwirira ntchito, zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zonse pachaka zikhale za 1500÷2+20000=20750 yuan. Kuchepetsa ndalama zonse m'zaka ziwiri ndi kopitilira 50%.

Chifukwa chake, vuto lalikulu pakusankha si "lokwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi lotsika mtengo," koma kusiyana pakati pa "ndalama zanthawi yochepa" ndi "mtengo wanthawi yayitali." Mtengo Wonse wa Moyo (LCC) = Mtengo Woyamba Kugula + Mtengo Wokhazikitsa + Mtengo Wokonza + Kutayika kwa Nthawi Yopuma + Mtengo wa Mphamvu + Mtengo Wotaya. Pokhapokha posankha unyolo wozikidwa pa fomula iyi ndi pomwe magwiridwe antchito enieni azachuma angakulitsidwe.

II. Zinthu Zinayi Zofunika Kwambiri Zomwe Zimakhudza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Chuma Posankha Unyolo

1. Kufananiza Molondola Katundu ndi Mphamvu: Kupewa "Kupanga Mopitirira Muyeso" ndi "Kusapanga Moyenera" Mphamvu ya unyolo wozungulira iyenera kufananizidwa ndi katundu weniweni; ichi ndiye maziko a magwiridwe antchito azachuma. Kutsata mosazindikira "mphamvu yayikulu" ndikusankha mtundu wa unyolo wopitilira zosowa zenizeni (monga kusankha unyolo wokhala ndi katundu wovomerezeka wa 100kN pa katundu weniweni wa 50kN) kudzawonjezera ndalama zogulira ndi zoposa 30%. Nthawi yomweyo, kulemera kwa unyolo wowonjezereka kudzawonjezera kukana kwa kutumiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka ziwonjezeke ndi 8%-12%. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusankha unyolo wolimba mokwanira kudzapangitsa kuti kutopa kusweke, kutopa kwa unyolo mwachangu kwambiri, komanso kutayika kwa mtengo wotuluka pa ola lililonse la nthawi yopuma kungakhale kofanana ndi mtengo wogulira unyolo wokha.

Posankha chitsanzo, ndikofunikira kuwerengera chitetezo kutengera mtundu wa mphamvu ya miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi (monga DIN, ASIN) ndi magawo monga katundu woyesedwa, katundu wokhudzidwa, ndi katundu wokwera nthawi yomweyo pansi pa mikhalidwe yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito (chitetezo cha ≥1.5 chikulimbikitsidwa pazochitika zamafakitale ndi ≥2.0 pazochitika zolemera). Mwachitsanzo, unyolo wozungulira wa 12A series (pitch 19.05mm) ndi woyenera kutumiza katundu wapakati, pomwe mndandanda wa 16A (pitch 25.4mm) ndi woyenera pazochitika zolemera. Kufananiza bwino kumatha kuwongolera ndalama zoyambira ndikupewa kutayika kobisika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu zosakwanira.

2. Kusintha kwa Mkhalidwe Wogwirira Ntchito: Kusankha Zinthu Zogwirizana ndi Kapangidwe kake Mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito imaika zofunikira zosiyana kwambiri pa zinthu ndi kapangidwe kake ka unyolo wozungulira. Kunyalanyaza makhalidwe a mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito panthawi yosankha kudzafupikitsa nthawi ya unyolo ndikuwonjezera ndalama zosamalira: Pamikhalidwe yogwira ntchito yanthawi zonse (kutentha kwabwinobwino, kouma, kopepuka mpaka pakati): unyolo wozungulira wa chitsulo cha kaboni ndi wokwanira, kupereka chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito, mtengo wotsika woyambira wogulira, kukonza kosavuta, ndi moyo wautumiki wa chaka 1-2; Pamikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito yowononga/yonyowa (mankhwala, kukonza chakudya, zida zakunja): unyolo wozungulira wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena unyolo wokhala ndi mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri pamwamba (okutidwa ndi galvanized, opakidwa ndi chrome) amafunika. Mtengo woyamba wogulira unyolo uwu ndi wokwera ndi 20%-40% kuposa wa unyolo wa chitsulo cha kaboni, koma moyo wawo wautumiki ukhoza kukulitsidwa ndi nthawi 3-5, kupewa kutayika kwa nthawi yopuma ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha pafupipafupi.
Pa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha/fumbi (zitsulo, zipangizo zomangira, migodi): maunyolo ozungulira opangidwa ndi zitsulo zolimba kapena okhala ndi zomangira zotsekedwa ayenera kusankhidwa. Kapangidwe kotsekedwa kamachepetsa fumbi lolowa m'mipata ya unyolo, kumachepetsa kusweka, kumawonjezera nthawi yokonza kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka miyezi 12, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira pachaka ndi zoposa 60%.
Pa zinthu zonyamulira katundu patali (kusanja zinthu, makina a zaulimi): Maunyolo onyamulira katundu okhala ndi ma pitch awiri ndi chisankho chotsika mtengo. Ali ndi ma pitch akuluakulu, kulemera kopepuka, kukana ma transmission kochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kochepa ndi 15% kuposa maunyolo wamba ozungulira, kugawa katundu mofanana, komanso moyo wautali ndi 20%.

3. Kapangidwe ka Chiŵerengero cha Zida ndi Kugwira Ntchito Mwachangu: Ndalama Zobisika za Mphamvu
Kugwirizana kwa chiŵerengero cha zida pakati pa unyolo wozungulira ndi sprocket kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a magiya, ndipo kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito pamapeto pake kumatanthauzira ndalama zamagetsi. Kapangidwe kosayenera ka chiŵerengero cha zida (monga kusagwirizana pakati pa unyolo ndi kuchuluka kwa mano a sprocket) kungayambitse kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ma mesh, kuwonjezeka kwa kutsetsereka kwa magiya, komanso kuchepa kwa 5%-10% kwa magwiridwe antchito a magiya. Pa chipangizo cha 15kW chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwa maola 8000 pachaka, kuchepa kulikonse kwa 1% kwa magwiridwe antchito kumabweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochulukirapo a 1200kWh pachaka. Pamtengo wamagetsi wa mafakitale wa 0.8 yuan/kWh, izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi yuan yowonjezera 960 pachaka.

Posankha sprocket, "mfundo yopangira chiŵerengero cha zida" iyenera kutsatiridwa: kuchuluka kwa mano a sprocket kuyenera kukhala pakati pa mano 17 ndi 60 kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa unyolo chifukwa cha mano ochepa kapena kukana kwakukulu kwa ma transmission chifukwa cha mano ambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kusankha unyolo wozungulira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a mano komanso cholakwika chaching'ono cha pitch (monga unyolo wozungulira wa A-series short-pitch precision double-link roller) kungathandize kulondola kwa ma meshing, kukhazikika kwa ma transmission opitilira 95%, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zamagetsi pakapita nthawi.

4. Kukonza Mosavuta: "Ubwino Wobisika" wa Kuchepetsa Nthawi Yopuma Nthawi Yopuma yokonza ndi "bowo lakuda la mtengo" popanga mafakitale, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka ma rollers chain kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito okonza. Mwachitsanzo, ma rollers chain okhala ndi ma offset links amalola kusintha kwa unyolo mwachangu, kuchepetsa nthawi yogawa ndi kusonkhanitsa, ndikufupikitsa nthawi yokonza kamodzi kuchokera pa maola awiri mpaka mphindi 30. Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe a modular chain link amachotsa kufunikira kosintha unyolo wonse; ma rolls okha omwe atha ntchito amafunika kusinthidwa, kuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera ndi 70%.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusinthasintha kwa zida zogwirira ntchito kuyenera kuganiziridwa: kusankha ma rollers chain omwe akugwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi kumalola kuti padziko lonse lapansi pakhale njira yosavuta yogulira zida zogwirira ntchito monga maulalo, ma rollers, ndi ma pin, kupewa nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zida. Ntchito zosinthira za OEM/ODM zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi makampani ena zimatha kukonza bwino kapangidwe ka unyolo malinga ndi zofunikira pazida, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukonza kukhale kosavuta.

III. Malingaliro Atatu Olakwika Omwe Amafala Posankha Ma Unyolo Othandizira Kugwira Ntchito Mwanzeru Pazachuma, Kugwera Mumsampha wa Mabizinesi 90%

1. Kutsata Mitengo Yotsika Mosazindikira: Kunyalanyaza Miyezo ndi Kutsatira Malamulo
Ma chain ogudubuza otsika mtengo omwe si a muyezo nthawi zambiri amadula ngodya pazinthu (pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha kaboni chotsika mtengo) ndi njira zina (mankhwala otentha osakhazikika). Ngakhale kuti mtengo woyambira wogulira ndi wotsika ndi 30%-50%, nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi 1/3 yokha ya unyolo wamba, ndipo amatha kusweka, kugwedezeka, ndi zolakwika zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mzere wopanga utseke mwadzidzidzi. Zotayika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha nthawi imodzi yogwira ntchito zimatha kupitirira mtengo wogulira wa unyolo.

2. Kupanga Zinthu Mopitirira Muyeso: Kutsata Mphamvu “Zoposa”
Mabizinesi ena, chifukwa cha "chitetezo," amasankha mosazindikira maunyolo okhala ndi katundu woposa mphamvu zenizeni. Izi sizimangowonjezera ndalama zogulira komanso zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kulemera kwambiri kwa unyolo ndi kukana kutumiza, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zikwere mtsogolo.

3. Kunyalanyaza Ndalama Zokonzera: Kungoyang'ana pa "Kugula Kokha," Osati "Kukonza"
Kulephera kuganizira zosavuta kukonza komanso kuvuta kugula zida zosinthira panthawi yosankha kumapangitsa kuti kukonza kutenge nthawi komanso kukhale kokwera mtengo pambuyo pake. Mwachitsanzo, kampani yamigodi inagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa m'malo mwa zida zosinthira. Pambuyo powonongeka, idayenera kuyitanitsa zida zosinthira kuchokera kumayiko ena, ndi nthawi yodikira mpaka mwezi umodzi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mizere yopangira itsekedwe komanso kutayika kwakukulu.

IV. Mfundo Zothandiza Posankha Unyolo Wozungulira Mosawononga Ndalama

Kusankha Koyendetsedwa ndi Deta: Fotokozani momveka bwino magawo apakati monga katundu woyesedwa, liwiro, kutentha, chinyezi, ndi malo owononga mumikhalidwe yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito. Phatikizani izi ndi kuwerengera kwa zida pamanja kuti mudziwe mphamvu yofunikira ya unyolo, mtunda, ndi zofunikira za zinthu, kupewa kusankha kutengera zomwe mwakumana nazo.

Ikani Miyezo Yapadziko Lonse Patsogolo: Sankhani maunyolo ozungulira omwe amagwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi monga DIN ndi ASIN kuti muwonetsetse kuti zipangizo, njira, ndi kulondola zikugwirizana ndi miyezo, kutsimikizira moyo wautumiki ndi kudalirika, komanso kuthandizira kugula zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Werengani Mtengo Wonse wa Moyo: Yerekezerani mtengo woyamba wogulira, nthawi yokonza, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndi kutayika kwa nthawi yopuma kwa maunyolo osiyanasiyana, kusankha njira ndi LCC yotsika kwambiri, m'malo mongoyang'ana mtengo wogulira.

Kusintha Koyenera kwa Mikhalidwe Yogwirira Ntchito: Pamikhalidwe yapadera yogwirira ntchito (monga kutentha kwambiri, dzimbiri, ndi mayendedwe ataliatali), sankhani njira zomwe mwasankha (monga zipangizo zapadera, zomangira zotsekera, ndi magiya abwino kwambiri) kuti mupewe kuwonjezereka kwa magwiridwe antchito kapena kusakwanira kwa unyolo wogwiritsidwa ntchito wamba.