Phunziro la Nkhani: Kulimba Kwambiri kwa Unyolo Woyendetsa Njinga za Moto

Phunziro la Nkhani: Kulimba Kwambiri kwa Unyolo Woyendetsa Njinga za Moto

Njinga yamotomaunyolo ozungulirandiye "njira yothandiza" ya drivetrain, ndipo kulimba kwawo kumatsimikizira mwachindunji zomwe zimachitika pakukwera ndi chitetezo. Kuyamba ndi kuyima pafupipafupi paulendo wapaulendo wapatawuni kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa unyolo, pomwe matope ndi mchenga zimawononga unyolo msanga. Unyolo wachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri umakumana ndi vuto lofunika kusinthidwa pambuyo pa makilomita 5,000 okha. Bullhead, yokhala ndi zaka zambiri pantchito yoyendetsa, imayang'ana kwambiri "kuthetsa zosowa za okwera padziko lonse lapansi kuti azikhala olimba." Kudzera mu kukweza kwaukadaulo kwa magawo atatu pazinthu, kapangidwe kake, ndi njira, afika pamlingo wabwino pakulimba kwa unyolo wa njinga zamoto. Kafukufuku wotsatirayu akufotokoza momveka bwino komanso zotsatira zake pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu.

I. Kukonzanso Zinthu: Kumanga Maziko Olimba a Kuwonongeka ndi Kukana Kukhudzidwa

Chiyambi cha kulimba chimayamba ndi zipangizo. Ma chain ozungulira njinga zamoto nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chopanda mpweya woipa chomwe chili ndi kuuma kochepa pamwamba (HRC35-40), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusintha ma plate a unyolo komanso kuwonongeka kwa ma pin pamene zinthu zili ndi katundu wambiri. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, Bulhead inayamba kupanga zinthu zatsopano:

1. Kusankha Chitsulo Choyera Kwambiri
Chitsulo cha chromium-molybdenum chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri (cholowa m'malo mwa chitsulo chachikhalidwe chokhala ndi mpweya wotsika) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chitsulochi chili ndi 0.8%-1.0% ya kaboni ndipo chawonjezera chromium ndi molybdenum kuti chikonze bwino kapangidwe ka metallographic—chromium imathandizira kukana kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba, ndipo molybdenum imathandizira kulimba kwapakati, zomwe zimaletsa unyolo kuti usasweke chifukwa chokhala "wolimba komanso wosalimba." Mwachitsanzo, unyolo wa njinga yamoto wa Bullead ANSI standard 12A umagwiritsa ntchito izi ngati ma chain plates ndi ma pin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yoyambira iwonjezereke ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi unyolo wachikhalidwe.

2. Kukhazikitsa Ukadaulo Wokonza Kutentha Mwanzeru

Njira yophatikizana yotenthetsera ndi kuzima + kutentha kochepa imagwiritsidwa ntchito: zigawo za unyolo zimayikidwa mu ng'anjo ya 920℃ yotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza maatomu a kaboni kulowa pamwamba pa 2-3mm, kutsatiridwa ndi kuzimitsa kwa 850℃ ndi 200℃ kutentha kochepa, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti "malo olimba ndi olimba" agwire ntchito bwino - kuuma kwa pamwamba pa mbale ya unyolo kumafika pa HRC58-62 (yosatopa komanso yosakanda), pomwe kuuma kwapakati kumakhalabe pa HRC30-35 (yosatopa komanso yosasinthika). Kutsimikizira kothandiza: Ku Southeast Asia yotentha (kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku ndi 35℃+, kuyimitsa koyambira pafupipafupi), nthawi yapakati ya njinga zamoto za 250cc zokhala ndi unyolowu yawonjezeka kuchoka pa 5000 km ya unyolo wachikhalidwe kufika pa 8000 km, popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwa mbale za unyolo.

II. Kupanga Zinthu Mwatsopano: Kuthetsa Mavuto Awiri Aakulu Otayika a “Kukangana ndi Kutaya Madzi”

70% ya kulephera kwa unyolo wozungulira kumachokera ku kukangana kouma komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha "kutayika kwa mafuta" ndi "kulowetsedwa kwa chidetso." Bulhead imachepetsa mitundu iwiri iyi ya kutayika kudzera mu kukonza kapangidwe kake:

1. Kapangidwe Kosatseka Kawiri Kosalola Kutaya Madzi
Posiya chisindikizo chachikhalidwe cha O-ring chimodzi, chimagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kotseka ka O-ring + X-ring: O-ring imapereka kutseka koyambira, kuletsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta matope ndi mchenga kulowa; X-ring (yokhala ndi gawo lozungulira looneka ngati "X") imawonjezera kuyenererana ndi mapini ndi ma chain plates kudzera m'milomo iwiri, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mafuta chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, "mizere yozungulira" imapangidwa kumapeto onse awiri a chala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisindikizocho chisagwere mosavuta mutachiyika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisindikizocho chikhale cholimba ndi 60% poyerekeza ndi zomangamanga zachikhalidwe. Zochitika zenizeni: Kuyenda m'misewu ya ku Europe Alps (40% misewu ya miyala), ma chain achikhalidwe adawonetsa kutayika kwa mafuta ndi kugwedezeka kwa ma roller pambuyo pa makilomita 100; pomwe Bullhead, pambuyo pa makilomita 500, idasungabe mafuta opitilira 70% mkati mwa chala, popanda kulowererapo kwakukulu kwa mchenga.

2. Malo Osungira Mafuta Okhala ndi Maonekedwe a Pin + Kapangidwe ka Njira Yosungira Mafuta Ang'onoang'ono: Motsogozedwa ndi mfundo zothira mafuta kwa nthawi yayitali m'munda wotumizira, Bullead imaphatikiza chosungira mafuta chozungulira (voliyumu ya 0.5ml) mkati mwa pini, pamodzi ndi njira zitatu zamafuta ang'onoang'ono a 0.3mm m'mimba mwake zomwe zabowoledwa mu khoma la pini, kulumikiza chosungiracho ndi pamwamba pa khoma lamkati la chikwama. Pakusonkhanitsa, mafuta otentha kwambiri, okhalitsa (kutentha kwa -20℃ mpaka 120℃) amabayidwa. Mphamvu ya centrifugal yomwe imachokera ku kuzungulira kwa unyolo panthawi yoyendetsa imayendetsa mafutawo m'njira zamafuta ang'onoang'ono, ndikubwezeretsa malo olumikizirana mosalekeza ndikuthetsa vuto la "kulephera kwa mafuta pambuyo pa 300km ndi unyolo wachikhalidwe." Kuyerekeza deta: Mu mayeso okwera liwiro (80-100km/h), unyolo wa Bullead unapeza kayendedwe kogwira mtima ka mafuta a 1200km, katatu kuposa unyolo wachikhalidwe, ndi kuchepa kwa 45% pakuwonongeka pakati pa pini ndi chikwama.

III. Kupanga Molondola + Kusintha kwa Mkhalidwe Wogwirira Ntchito: Kupanga Kukhalitsa Kukhala Zenizeni pa Zochitika Zosiyanasiyana

Kulimba si chizindikiro cha chinthu chimodzi chokha; chiyenera kusinthidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi zosowa za zochitika zosiyanasiyana zokwera. Bullhead imatsimikizira kuti unyolo ukugwira ntchito bwino m'mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito kudzera mu "kupanga kolondola kwambiri kuti zinthu ziyende bwino kwambiri + kukonza zinthu motsatira zochitika":

1. Chitsimikizo cha Msonkhano Wokha Chotsimikizira Meshing Precision
Pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholumikizira cha CNC chokha, ma pitch a ma chain links, roller roundness, ndi pin coaxiality zimawunikidwa nthawi yeniyeni: pitch error imayendetsedwa mkati mwa ± 0.05mm (muyezo wamakampani ndi ± 0.1mm), ndipo roller roundness error ndi ≤0.02mm. Kuwongolera kolondola kwambiri kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti "palibe katundu wopita pakati" pamene unyolo ulumikizana ndi sprocket - kupewa kuwonongeka kwambiri mbali imodzi ya unyolo chifukwa cha kupotoka kwa ma meshing mu unyolo wachikhalidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo wonse ukhale ndi 20%.

2. Kubwerezabwereza kwa Zinthu Zochokera ku Zochitika

Pofuna kuthana ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zokwera pamahatchi, Bulhead yatulutsa zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri:
* **Modeli Yoyendera Anthu Mumzinda (monga 42BBH):** M'mimba mwake wozungulira bwino (wokwera kuchoka pa 11.91mm kufika pa 12.7mm), kuonjezera malo olumikizirana ndi sprocket, kuchepetsa katundu pa dera lililonse, kusintha momwe zinthu zilili mumzinda, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi 15% poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo choyambirira;
* **Modeli Yopanda Msewu:** Ma plate okhuthala a unyolo (kukhuthala kunawonjezeka kuchoka pa 2.5mm kufika pa 3.2mm), okhala ndi kusintha kozungulira pamalo ofunikira kwambiri (kuchepetsa kupsinjika), kupeza mphamvu yokoka ya 22kN (muyezo wamakampani wa 18kN), wokhoza kupirira katundu wovuta pokwera panja (monga kuyamba kutsika kwambiri ndi kutera kuchokera kumapiri otsetsereka). Mu mayeso a m'chipululu cha ku Australia, pambuyo pa makilomita 2000 okwera panja mwamphamvu kwambiri, unyolowo unawonetsa kutalika kwa 1.2% yokha (mlingo wosinthira ndi 2.5%), osafunikira kukonza pakati pa ulendo.

IV. Kuyesa Kwa Dziko Lenileni: Kulimba Koyesedwa M'zochitika Zapadziko Lonse
Kusintha kwa ukadaulo kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa mu ntchito zenizeni. Bullead, mogwirizana ndi ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi, adachita mayeso a miyezi 12 okhudza nyengo zosiyanasiyana ndi mikhalidwe ya misewu: Malo Otentha ndi Onyowa (Bangkok, Thailand): Njinga 10 zamoto za 150cc, zomwe zimayendera makilomita 50 patsiku, zidakwanitsa kutalika kwa makilomita 10,200 popanda dzimbiri kapena kusweka. Malo Ozizira ndi Otentha Kwambiri (Moscow, Russia): Njinga 5 zamoto za 400cc, zomwe zimayendetsedwa m'malo oyambira -15°C mpaka 5°C, sizinawonetse kugwedezeka kwa unyolo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika kwambiri (osazizira pa -30°C), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti unyolo ukhale wautali makilomita 8,500. Zochitika Zakumapiri Zopanda Msewu (Cape Town, South Africa): Njinga zamoto zitatu za 650cc zoyenda panja, zomwe zimasonkhanitsa makilomita 3,000 oyenda panja pa miyala, zinasunga mphamvu ya 92% ya unyolo wawo woyamba, ndipo ma roller valiary anali 0.15mm yokha (muyezo wamakampani ndi 0.3mm).

Pomaliza: Kulimba kwenikweni ndi "kukweza mtengo wa ogwiritsa ntchito." Kupambana kwa Bullead pakulimba kwa unyolo wa njinga zamoto sikungokhudza kusonkhanitsa ukadaulo umodzi, koma kukonza kwathunthu "kuchokera kuzinthu kupita ku zochitika" - kuthana ndi mavuto ofunikira a "kuwonongeka mosavuta ndi kutuluka kwa madzi" kudzera mu zipangizo ndi kapangidwe kake, pomwe kuonetsetsa kuti ukadaulowu ukugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kudzera mu kupanga molondola komanso kusintha mawonekedwe. Kwa okwera padziko lonse lapansi, moyo wautali (kuwonjezeka kwapakati pa 50%) kumatanthauza kuchepetsa ndalama zosinthira ndi nthawi yopuma, pomwe magwiridwe antchito odalirika amachepetsa zoopsa zachitetezo mukakwera.