Kusanthula Konse kwa Njira Yopangira Ma Roller Chain Precision: Chinsinsi cha Ubwino kuyambira Zipangizo Zatsopano mpaka Zomalizidwa
Mu makampani opanga ma transmission, kudalirika kwamaunyolo ozunguliraKumatsimikiza mwachindunji momwe ntchito ikuyendera bwino komanso moyo wa zida za mzere wopanga. Monga ukadaulo wopangira zida zopangira unyolo wapakati, kupanga molondola, komwe kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, kumakwaniritsa bwino pakati pa kulondola kwa magawo, mawonekedwe amakina, ndi magwiridwe antchito opangira. Nkhaniyi ifufuza njira yonse yopangira molondola unyolo wapakati, ndikuwulula zinsinsi za unyolo wapamwamba kwambiri.
1. Kukonza Zinthu Pasadakhale: Kusankha Zinthu Zopangira ndi Kusamalira Zinthu Pasadakhale – Kulamulira Ubwino wa Zinthu Zopangira
Maziko a ubwino pakupangira zinthu molondola amayamba ndi kusankha zinthu zopangira molimbika komanso kukonzekeretsa mwasayansi. Zigawo zazikulu za unyolo wozungulira (ma rollers, bushings, chain plates, ndi zina zotero) ziyenera kupirira katundu wosiyanasiyana, kugwedezeka, ndi kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, kusankha ndi kusamalira zinthu zopangira kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a chinthu chomaliza.
1. Kusankha Zinthu Zopangira: Kusankha Chitsulo Chogwirizana ndi Zofunikira pa Ntchito
Kutengera ndi momwe unyolo wozungulira umagwiritsidwira ntchito (monga makina omangira, ma transmission a magalimoto, ndi zida zamakina olondola), zinthu zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi chitsulo chapamwamba cha kaboni kapena chitsulo chozungulira. Mwachitsanzo, ma rollers ndi ma bushings amafunika kukana kwambiri kuwonongeka ndi kulimba, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zozungulira monga 20CrMnTi. Ma plate a unyolo amafunika mphamvu yofanana komanso kukana kutopa, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zozungulira monga 40Mn ndi 50Mn. Posankha zinthu, kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka chitsulocho kamayesedwa kudzera mu kusanthula kwa spectral kuti zitsimikizire kuti zomwe zili muzinthu monga kaboni, manganese, ndi chromium zikugwirizana ndi miyezo ya dziko monga GB/T 3077, potero kupewa kupanga ming'alu kapena zofooka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kapangidwe kake.
2. Njira Yokonzekera Kuchiza: "Kutenthetsa" Kuti Mupange
Zinthu zopangira zikalowa mufakitale, zimadutsa njira zitatu zofunika kwambiri zokonzera zinthu:
Kuyeretsa Malo: Kuphulitsa zipolopolo kumachotsa mamba, dzimbiri, ndi mafuta pamwamba pa chitsulo kuti zinyalala zisakanizidwe mu workpiece panthawi yopangira zinthu ndikuyambitsa zolakwika.
Kudula: Macheka olondola kapena zodulira za CNC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula chitsulocho kukhala ma billets olemera osasinthika, ndipo cholakwika chodulira molondola chimayendetsedwa mkati mwa ± 0.5% kuti zitsimikizire kuti miyeso yogwirira ntchito ikugwirizana bwino pambuyo popangira.
Kutentha: Chidebecho chimayikidwa mu uvuni wotenthetsera wapakatikati. Kuthamanga kwa kutentha ndi kutentha komaliza kwa forging kumayendetsedwa malinga ndi mtundu wa chitsulo (mwachitsanzo, chitsulo cha kaboni nthawi zambiri chimatenthedwa mpaka 1100-1250°C) kuti chikhale cholimba bwino cha "pulasitiki wabwino komanso cholimba pang'ono" pamene chikupewa kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri komwe kungawononge katundu wa zinthu.
II. Kupangira Pakati: Kupanga Molondola kwa Mawonekedwe Oyandikira Near-Net
Njira yopangira zinthu zapakati ndiyofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale kupanga zinthu za "roller chain" zomwe sizidulidwa kwambiri kapena "zosadulidwa kwambiri". Kutengera kapangidwe ka zinthu, kupanga zinthu zakufa ndi kupanga zinthu zosokonekera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, pogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zolondola komanso zida zanzeru kuti amalize kupanga zinthuzo.
1. Kukonzekera Nkhungu: "Njira Yofunika Kwambiri" Yotumizira Molondola
Zinyalala zopangira bwino zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chotentha cha H13. Kudzera mu CNC milling, EDM machining, ndi kupukuta, chivundikiro cha nkhungu chimapeza kulondola kwa IT7 komanso kukhwima kwa pamwamba pa Ra ≤ 1.6μm. Chivundikirocho chiyenera kutenthedwa mpaka 200-300°C ndikupopera ndi mafuta a graphite. Izi sizimangochepetsa kukangana ndi kuwonongeka pakati pa chivundikirocho ndi nkhungu, komanso zimathandiza kusweka mwachangu ndikuletsa zolakwika zomatira. Pazinthu zofanana monga ma rollers, chivundikirocho chiyeneranso kupangidwa ndi mipata yosinthira ndi ma vents kuti zitsimikizire kuti chitsulo chosungunuka (chivundikiro chotentha) chimadzaza bwino chivundikirocho ndikuchotsa mpweya ndi zonyansa.
2. Kupanga: Kukonza Kopangidwa Mwamakonda Kutengera Makhalidwe a Chigawo
Kupangira Ma Roller: Njira ya "kupangira komaliza" ya magawo awiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Billet yotenthedwa imayambitsidwa koyamba mu die yokonzekera, poyamba kusokoneza zinthu ndikudzaza m'bowo la pre-forging. Kenako billet imasamutsidwira mwachangu ku die yotsiriza yokonzekera. Pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa kukanikiza (nthawi zambiri kukanikiza kotentha kokhala ndi mphamvu ya 1000-3000 kN), billet imayikidwa kwathunthu mu bowo la kumapeto, ndikupanga pamwamba pa roller, bore yamkati, ndi zina. Liwiro la kupangira ndi kupanikizika ziyenera kulamulidwa panthawi yonseyi kuti zipewe kusweka kwa workpiece chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwakukulu.
Kupangira Manja: Njira yopangira "kubowola-kukulitsa" imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Dzenje losawona limabowoledwa koyamba pakati pa chipolopolo pogwiritsa ntchito kubowola. Dzenjelo limakulitsidwa mpaka kukula komwe lapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chida chowonjezera, pomwe likusunga kulekerera kwa makulidwe a khoma la manja a ≤0.1 mm.
Kupangira Mapepala a Unyolo: Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosalala komanso kowonda ka ma plate a unyolo, njira ya "multi-station continuous die forging" imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo potenthetsa, malo opanda kanthu amadutsa m'malo oyambilira, omalizira, ndi odulira, ndikumaliza mawonekedwe a plate ya unyolo ndi kukonza mabowo nthawi imodzi, ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa zidutswa 80-120 pamphindi.
3. Kukonza Pambuyo pa Kupanga: Kukhazikitsa Magwiridwe Abwino ndi Maonekedwe
Chogwirira ntchito chopangidwacho chimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti chizimitse kutentha kotsala kapena kusinthasintha kwa isothermal. Mwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kuzizira (monga kugwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa kwa madzi kapena kuziziritsa kwa nitrate bath), kapangidwe ka metallographic ka chogwirira ntchitocho kamasinthidwa kuti chikhale ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a sorbite kapena pearlite m'zigawo monga ma rollers ndi bushings, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuuma kwake kukhale bwino (kulimba kwa roller nthawi zambiri kumafuna HRC 58-62) komanso mphamvu ya kutopa. Nthawi yomweyo, makina odulira mofulumira kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa flash ndi burrs m'mphepete mwa chogwirira, kuonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe a chogwiriracho akukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake.
3. Kumaliza ndi Kulimbitsa: Kukweza Ubwino Mwatsatanetsatane
Pambuyo popangira pakati, chogwirira ntchitocho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, koma njira zomaliza ndi zolimbitsa zimafunika kuti ziwongolere kulondola kwake ndi magwiridwe antchito kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zolimba za kutumiza kwa unyolo wothamanga kwambiri.
1. Kukonza Molondola: Kukonza Zosintha Zing'onozing'ono
Chifukwa cha kuchepa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa kupsinjika pambuyo popanga, zida zogwirira ntchito zimatha kuwonetsa kusintha pang'ono kwa mawonekedwe. Pakumaliza, die yokonza molondola imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika mphamvu pa chida chozizira kuti ikonze kusintha kwa mawonekedwe mkati mwa IT8. Mwachitsanzo, cholakwika chakunja kwa diameter ya roller chiyenera kulamulidwa pansi pa 0.02mm, ndipo cholakwika chamkati cha cylindricity cha sleeve sichiyenera kupitirira 0.015mm kuti zitsimikizire kuti unyolo umafalikira bwino pambuyo pomanga.
2. Kulimbitsa Malo: Kukonza Kuwonongeka ndi Kukana Kudzimbiritsa
Kutengera ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, zida zogwirira ntchito zimafunikira chithandizo chapadera pamwamba:
Kuzimitsa ndi Kuzimitsa: Ma rollers ndi ma bushings amaikidwa mu uvuni wa carburizing pa 900-950°C kwa maola 4-6 kuti apeze mpweya wa carbon pamwamba pa 0.8%-1.2%. Kenako amazimitsidwa ndikufewetsedwa pa kutentha kochepa kuti apange kapangidwe ka gradient komwe kamadziwika ndi kuuma kwambiri pamwamba ndi kuuma kwakukulu pakati. Kuuma pamwamba kumatha kufika pa HRC60, ndipo kuuma kwa core impact ≥50J/cm².
Phosphating: Zinthu monga ma chain plates zimaphikidwa ndi phosphate kuti zipange filimu ya phosphate yokhala ndi mapokoso pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azigwirana bwino komanso kuti asawonongeke ndi dzimbiri.
Kuboola kwa chitsulo: Kuboola kwa chitsulo pamwamba pa chitsulo cha unyolo kumabweretsa kupsinjika kotsalira kudzera mu chitsulo champhamvu chomwe chimawombera mwachangu, kuchepetsa kutopa komwe kumayamba ndikuwonjezera nthawi yotopa ya chitsulocho.
IV. Kuyang'anira Zonse: Chitetezo Chabwino Chochotsera Zilema
Njira iliyonse yopangira zinthu molondola imawunikidwa mosamala, ndikupanga njira yowongolera bwino kuyambira pa zipangizo zopangira mpaka zinthu zomalizidwa, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zozungulira zimatsimikizira khalidwe la 100% pazida zonse zozungulira zomwe zimatuluka mufakitale.
1. Kuyang'anira Njira: Kuyang'anira Magawo Ofunika Pakanthawi Konse
Kuyang'anira Kutentha: Ma thermometer a infrared amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira kutentha kwa billet nthawi yeniyeni, ndi cholakwika cholamulidwa mkati mwa ± 10°C.
Kuyang'anira Nkhungu: Bowo la nkhungu limayesedwa kuti lione ngati lawonongeka ziwalo 500 zilizonse zomwe zapangidwa. Kukonza kupukuta kumachitika nthawi yomweyo ngati kukhuthala kwa pamwamba kwapitirira Ra3.2μm.
Kuyang'anira Miyeso: Makina oyezera a magawo atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa ndikuwunika ziwalo zopangidwa, kuyang'ana kwambiri miyeso yofunika kwambiri monga dayamita yakunja, dayamita yamkati, ndi makulidwe a khoma. Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo sikochepera 5%.
2. Kuwunika Kwakapangidwe Komaliza: Kutsimikizira Kwathunthu kwa Zizindikiro Zogwirira Ntchito
Kuyesa Kuchita Bwino kwa Makina: Kuyesa zinthu zomalizidwa mwachisawawa kuti muyese kuuma (Rockwell hardness tester), kuyesa kuuma kwa impact (pendulum impact tester), ndi kuyesa mphamvu yokoka kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikutsatira miyezo ya malonda.
Kuyesa Kosawononga: Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zolakwika zamkati monga ma pores ndi ming'alu, pomwe kuyesa tinthu ta maginito kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zolakwika pamwamba ndi pansi pa nthaka.
Kuyesa Kukhazikitsa: Zigawo zoyenera zimasonkhanitsidwa mu unyolo wozungulira ndipo zimayesedwa magwiridwe antchito, kuphatikizapo kulondola kwa kutumiza, kuchuluka kwa phokoso, komanso nthawi yotopa. Mwachitsanzo, gawo limaonedwa kuti ndi loyenera pokhapokha ngati lakhala likuyenda mosalekeza pa 1500 r/min kwa maola 1000 popanda vuto lililonse.
V. Ubwino wa Njira ndi Kufunika kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Nchifukwa Chiyani Kukonza Moyenera Ndiko Kusankha Koyamba kwa Makampani?
Poyerekeza ndi njira yachikhalidwe ya "kupangira + kudula kwakukulu", kupanga molondola kumapereka zabwino zitatu zazikulu popanga unyolo wama roller:
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri: Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa 60%-70% m'njira zachikhalidwe kufika pa 90%, zomwe zachepetsa kwambiri zinyalala za zinthu zopangira;
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri popanga zinthu: Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira zinthu zopitilira masiteshoni ambiri komanso zodzipangira zokha, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu kumakhala kokwera nthawi 3-5 kuposa njira zachikhalidwe;
Kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa chinthucho: Kupangira kumagawa kapangidwe ka ulusi wa chitsulocho motsatira mawonekedwe a workpiece, ndikupanga kapangidwe kosalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yotopa ikhale yowonjezereka ndi 20%-30% poyerekeza ndi zida zopangidwa ndi makina.
Ubwino uwu wapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa ma roll chain opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri popanga zida zapamwamba, monga ma track drive a makina omangira, makina owerengera nthawi a injini zamagalimoto, ndi ma spindle drive a zida zamakina olondola. Akhala zigawo zazikulu zamagetsi zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zida zamafakitale zikugwira ntchito bwino.
Mapeto
Njira yopangira molondola ya unyolo wozungulira ndi chimaliziro cha njira yonse yophatikiza sayansi ya zipangizo, ukadaulo wa nkhungu, kuwongolera zokha, ndi kuwunika kwa khalidwe. Kuyambira pa miyezo yokhwima pakusankha zinthu zopangira, mpaka kulamulira molondola kwa millimeter mu core forging, mpaka kutsimikizira kwathunthu mu kuyesa kwa zinthu zomalizidwa, njira iliyonse imasonyeza luso ndi mphamvu zaukadaulo zopangira mafakitale.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-24-2025