Tasirin Polygon na Sarƙoƙin Roller da Bayyanar sa

Tasirin Polygon na Sarƙoƙin Roller da Bayyanar sa

A fannin watsawa ta injina,sarƙoƙi na nadiAna amfani da su sosai a layin samar da kayayyaki na masana'antu, injunan noma, kera motoci, jigilar kayayyaki, da sauran aikace-aikace saboda sauƙin tsarinsu, ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya mai yawa, da kuma inganci mai yawa. Duk da haka, a lokacin aikin sarkar nadi, wani abu da aka sani da "tasirin polygon" kai tsaye yana shafar santsi, daidaito, da tsawon lokacin aiki, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban siffa da injiniyoyi, ma'aikatan saye, da masu kula da kayan aiki dole ne su fahimta sosai.

Da farko, Bayyana Tasirin Polygon: Menene Tasirin Polygon na Sarkokin Roller?

Domin fahimtar tasirin polygon, da farko muna buƙatar sake duba tsarin watsawa na asali na sarkar nadi. Watsa sarkar nadi galibi ya ƙunshi sprocket mai tuƙi, sprocket mai tuƙi, da sarkar nadi. Yayin da sprocket mai tuƙi ke juyawa, haɗa haƙoran sprocket tare da haɗin sarkar nadi yana aika ƙarfi zuwa sprocket mai tuƙi, wanda hakan ke jagorantar hanyoyin aiki na gaba. Abin da ake kira "tasirin polygon," wanda kuma aka sani da "kuskuren tasirin polygon," yana nufin abin da ke faruwa a watsa sarkar nadi inda layin lanƙwasa sarkar da ke kewaye da sprocket ya samar da siffa mai kama da polygon, wanda ke haifar da saurin sarkar nan take da saurin kusurwar sprocket mai tuƙi don nuna canjin lokaci-lokaci. A taƙaice, yayin da sprocket ke juyawa, sarkar ba ta ci gaba a saurin layi mai daidaito ba, amma, kamar tana motsawa a gefen polygon, saurinta yana canzawa akai-akai. Haka kuma, sprocket mai tuƙi kuma yana juyawa a saurin kusurwa mai daidaito, amma maimakon haka yana fuskantar canjin lokaci-lokaci a cikin sauri. Wannan sauyi ba matsala ba ce, illa dai wata siffa ce ta tsarin watsawa na sarkar na'ura, amma ba za a iya yin watsi da tasirinsa ba.

Na biyu, Bin diddigin Asalin: Ka'idar Tasirin Polygon

Tasirin polygon ya samo asali ne daga halayen tsarin sarƙoƙi masu naɗewa da sprockets. Za mu iya fahimtar tsarin samar da shi ta hanyar waɗannan mahimman matakai:

(I) Tsarin Sarka da Sprocket na Ramin Ramin

Idan aka naɗe sarkar naɗi a kan wani abu mai siffar zobe, tunda abin da aka naɗe wani abu ne mai zagaye wanda ya ƙunshi haƙora da yawa, lokacin da kowace hanyar haɗin sarkar ta yi daidai da haƙorin mai siffar zobe, tsakiyar sarkar tana samar da lanƙwasa mai rufewa wadda ta ƙunshi layuka da yawa da suka karye. Wannan lanƙwasa yana kama da polygon na yau da kullun (saboda haka sunan "tasirin polygon"). Adadin gefuna na wannan "polygon" yana daidai da adadin haƙoran da ke kan abin da aka naɗe, kuma tsawon gefen "polygon" yana daidai da matakin sarƙa (nisa tsakanin cibiyoyin abin da aka naɗe guda biyu da ke maƙwabtaka).

(II) Watsa Motsi na Tuki Mai Tuƙi

Lokacin da sprocket ɗin da ke tuƙi ke juyawa a daidai gudun kusurwa ω₁, saurin da'irar kowane haƙori akan sprocket ɗin ya kasance daidai (v₁ = ω₁ × r₁, inda r₁ shine radius ɗin firam na sprocket ɗin da ke tuƙi). Duk da haka, saboda wurin haɗa sarka da sprocket yana canzawa koyaushe tare da bayanin haƙorin sprocket, nisan daga wurin haɗa sarka zuwa cibiyar sprocket (watau, radius ɗin juyawa nan take) yana canzawa lokaci-lokaci yayin da sprocket ɗin ke juyawa. Musamman, lokacin da sarkar naɗa sarka ta dace da kyau a cikin ƙasan tsagi tsakanin haƙoran sprocket, nisan daga wurin haɗa sarka zuwa cibiyar sprocket ya zama mafi ƙaranci (kimanin radius ɗin tushen haƙorin sprocket); lokacin da sarkar naɗa sarka ta haɗu da ƙarshen haƙorin sprocket, nisan daga wurin haɗa sarka zuwa cibiyar sprocket ya zama mafi girma (kimanin radius ɗin gefen haƙorin sprocket). Wannan bambancin lokaci-lokaci a cikin radius ɗin juyawa nan take yana haifar da canzawa kai tsaye a cikin saurin layi na sarkar nan take.

(III) Sauyin Gudun Kusurwa na Ƙarfin ...

Domin sarkar wani abu ne mai tauri na watsawa (wanda ake ganin ba za a iya miƙewa ba yayin watsawa), saurin layi na nan take na sarkar ana watsa shi kai tsaye zuwa ga sprocket ɗin da aka tura. Saurin kusurwa na nan take ω₂ na sprocket ɗin da aka tura, saurin layi na nan take v₂ na sarkar, da kuma radius na juyawa nan take r₂' na sprocket ɗin da aka tura suna gamsar da dangantakar ω₂ = v₂ / r₂'.

Saboda saurin layi na gaggawa na v₂ na sarkar yana canzawa, radius na juyawa nan take r₂' a wurin haɗin gwiwa akan sprocket ɗin da aka tuƙa shi ma yana canzawa lokaci-lokaci tare da juyawar sprocket ɗin da aka tuƙa (ƙa'idar iri ɗaya ce da ta sprocket ɗin da aka tuƙa). Waɗannan abubuwan biyu suna aiki tare don haifar da saurin kusurwa nan take ω₂ na sprocket ɗin da aka tuƙa don nuna ƙarin rikice-rikice na lokaci-lokaci, wanda hakan ke shafar daidaiton fitarwa na tsarin watsawa gaba ɗaya.

Na uku, Gabatarwa ta Gani: Bayyanai na Musamman na Tasirin Polygon

Tasirin polygon yana bayyana kansa ta hanyoyi da yawa a cikin tsarin watsa sarkar nadi. Ba wai kawai yana shafar daidaiton watsawa ba, har ma yana haifar da girgiza, hayaniya, da sauran matsaloli. Aiki na dogon lokaci kuma yana iya hanzarta lalacewar sassan da rage tsawon rayuwar kayan aiki. Takamaiman alamu sun haɗa da waɗannan:

(1) Sauyin Saurin Watsawa na Lokaci-lokaci

Wannan shine mafi bayyana kai tsaye kuma mafi mahimmanci na tasirin polygon. Duk saurin layi na sarkar nan take da kuma saurin kusurwar da aka tuƙa yana nuna canjin lokaci-lokaci yayin da sprocket ke juyawa. Mitar waɗannan canjin yana da alaƙa da saurin juyawa na sprocket da adadin haƙora: mafi girman saurin sprocket da ƙarancin haƙora, mafi girman mitar canjin gudu. Bugu da ƙari, girman saurin canjin yana da alaƙa da sautin sarka da adadin haƙoran sprocket: mafi girman sautin sarka da ƙarancin haƙoran sprocket, mafi girman girman canjin gudu.

Misali, a cikin tsarin tuƙin sarkar nadi mai ƙananan adadin haƙora (misali, z = 10) da kuma babban juyi (misali, p = 25.4mm), lokacin da sprocket ɗin tuƙi ke juyawa da babban gudu (misali, n = 1500 r/min), saurin layi na nan take na sarkar na iya canzawa a cikin kewayon da ke da faɗi, yana haifar da "tsalle" a cikin tsarin aiki da aka tuƙa (misali, bel ɗin jigilar kaya, sandar kayan aikin injin, da sauransu), yana shafar daidaiton watsawa da ingancin aiki sosai. (2) Tasiri da Girgizawa

Saboda canjin gaggawa a cikin saurin sarka (daga wata hanyar zigzag zuwa wata), ana samar da nauyin tasirin lokaci-lokaci yayin tsarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin sarkar da sprocket. Wannan nauyin tasirin yana yaɗuwa ta hanyar sarkar zuwa ga abubuwan da aka haɗa kamar sprocket, shaft, da bearings, wanda ke haifar da girgiza a cikin tsarin watsawa.

Mitar girgizar tana da alaƙa da saurin juyawar sprocket da adadin haƙoran. Lokacin da mitar girgizar ta kusanci ko ta yi daidai da mitar halitta ta kayan aikin, sautin na iya faruwa, wanda ke ƙara haɓaka girman girgizar. Wannan ba wai kawai yana shafar aikin kayan aikin na yau da kullun ba, har ma yana iya haifar da sassautawa da lalata sassan, har ma yana haifar da haɗurra na aminci.

(3) Gurɓatar Hayaniya

Tasiri da girgiza su ne manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da hayaniya. A lokacin watsa sarkar na'ura, tasirin haɗin da ke tsakanin sarkar da sprocket, karo tsakanin ramukan sarka, da kuma hayaniyar da ke ɗauke da tsarin da girgizar da aka watsa zuwa firam ɗin kayan aiki ke haifarwa duk suna taimakawa wajen hayaniyar tsarin watsa sarkar na'ura.

Da zarar an ƙara bayyana tasirin polygon (misali, ƙarar sauti, ƙarancin haƙora, saurin juyawa mai yawa), to tasirin da girgizar ke haifarwa zai yi tsanani, kuma ƙarar da aka samu na ƙaruwa. Shafar matakin hayaniya na dogon lokaci ba wai kawai yana shafar jin masu aiki ba, har ma yana tsoma baki ga sarrafa samarwa da sadarwa a wurin, wanda hakan ke rage ingancin aiki.

(IV) Ƙara Yaɗuwar Kayan Aiki

Nauyin tasirin da ke zagaye da girgiza suna hanzarta lalacewar abubuwan da ke ciki kamar sarƙoƙi masu naɗewa, sprockets, shafts, da bearings. Musamman:

Lalacewar Sarka: Tasirin yana ƙara damuwa tsakanin naɗe sarka, bushings, da fil, yana hanzarta lalacewa da kuma tsawaita sautin sarka a hankali (wanda aka fi sani da "miƙa sarka"), yana ƙara ta'azzara tasirin polygon.

Lalacewar Sprocket: Sau da yawa da gogayya tsakanin haƙoran sprocket da na'urorin sarka na iya haifar da lalacewar saman haƙori, kaifafa gefen haƙori, da kuma fashewar tushen haƙori, wanda ke haifar da raguwar aikin sprocket meshing.

Lalacewar Shaft da Bearing: Girgiza da tasirin shafts da bearing ga ƙarin nauyin radial da axial, haɓaka lalacewa akan abubuwan birgima na bearing, tsere na ciki da na waje, da kuma mujallu, rage tsawon lokacin sabis na bearing har ma da haifar da lanƙwasa shaft.

(V) Rage Ingancin Watsawa

Tasiri, girgiza, da ƙarin asarar gogayya da tasirin polygon ke haifarwa na rage ingancin watsawa na tsarin watsa sarkar na'ura mai juyawa. A gefe guda, canjin gudu na iya haifar da rashin daidaiton aikin tsarin aiki, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin kuzari don shawo kan ƙarin nauyin da canjin ke haifarwa. A gefe guda kuma, ƙaruwar lalacewa yana ƙara juriyar gogayya tsakanin sassan, yana ƙara ƙaruwar asarar makamashi. A tsawon aiki na dogon lokaci, wannan raguwar inganci na iya ƙara yawan amfani da makamashin kayan aiki da kuma ƙara farashin samarwa.

Na huɗu, Martanin Kimiyya: Dabaru Masu Inganci Don Rage Tasirin Polygon

Duk da cewa tasirin polygon wani siffa ce ta watsa sarkar na'ura mai juyawa kuma ba za a iya kawar da ita gaba ɗaya ba, ana iya rage ta yadda ya kamata ta hanyar ƙira, zaɓi, da matakan kulawa da suka dace, ta haka ne za a inganta santsi, daidaito, da tsawon lokacin sabis na tsarin watsawa. Dabaru na musamman sune kamar haka:

(I) Inganta Tsarin Sprocket da Zaɓar

Ƙara Yawan Hakoran Sprocket: Yayin da ake biyan buƙatun watsawa da sararin shigarwa, ƙara yawan haƙoran sprocket yadda ya kamata zai iya rage rabon adadin gefuna zuwa tsawon "polygon", yana rage canjin radius na juyawa nan take kuma don haka rage girman canjin gudu yadda ya kamata. Gabaɗaya, adadin haƙoran da ke kan sprocket ɗin tuƙi bai kamata ya yi ƙanƙanta ba (gabaɗaya, ba a ba da shawarar ƙasa da haƙora 17 ba). Don watsawa mai sauri ko aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar santsi mai yawa, ya kamata a zaɓi adadin haƙoran sprocket mafi girma (misali, 25 ko fiye). Rage kurakuran diamita na sprocket: Inganta daidaiton injin sprocket da rage kurakuran masana'antu da kurakuran gudu na zagaye a cikin diamita na sprocket yana tabbatar da canje-canje masu laushi a cikin radius na juyawa nan take na wurin meshing yayin juyawar sprocket, rage girgiza da girgiza.

Amfani da sprockets masu bayanin haƙori na musamman: Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar isar da haƙori mai santsi sosai, ana iya amfani da sprockets masu bayanin haƙori na musamman (kamar sprockets masu siffar baka). Haƙoran da ke siffar baka suna sa tsarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin sarka da sprocket ya yi laushi, yana rage girgizar haɗin gwiwa kuma don haka yana rage tasirin tasirin polygon.

(II) Zaɓin Sigogi na Sarka da Ya Dace

Rage girman sarka: Matsayin sarka yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sigogi da ke shafar tasirin polygon. Mafi ƙarancin girman, ƙaramin tsawon gefen "polygon" da ƙaramin canjin saurin layi na sarkar nan take. Saboda haka, yayin da ake biyan buƙatun ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya, ya kamata a zaɓi sarka masu ƙananan ramuka. Don aikace-aikacen watsawa mai sauri da daidaito, ana ba da shawarar a zaɓi sarka masu ƙananan ramuka (kamar ƙa'idodin ISO 06B da 08A). Zaɓi sarka masu daidaito: Inganta daidaiton kera sarka, kamar rage karkacewar sarka, runout na radial na juyawa, da kuma share fil na bushing, yana tabbatar da motsi mai santsi na sarka yayin aiki kuma yana rage tasirin polygon da rashin daidaiton sarka ya ta'azzara.

Amfani da na'urorin ƙarfafawa: Daidaita na'urorin ƙarfafawa na sarka (kamar na'urorin ƙarfafawa na bazara da na'urorin ƙarfafawa na nauyi) yana tabbatar da cewa sarkar tana riƙe da daidaiton tashin hankali, yana rage raguwar sarka da girgiza yayin aiki, ta haka yana rage tasirin da saurin da tasirin polygon ke haifarwa.

(III) Sarrafa sigogin aiki na tsarin watsawa
Iyakance saurin watsawa: Yayin da saurin sprocket ya fi girma, haka nan saurin canzawa, tasiri, da girgizar da tasirin polygon ke haifarwa ke ƙaruwa. Saboda haka, lokacin tsara tsarin watsawa, ya kamata a iyakance saurin watsawa yadda ya kamata bisa ga ƙayyadaddun sarkar da sprocket. Ga daidaitattun sarƙoƙi na naɗawa, matsakaicin saurin da aka yarda da shi yawanci ana bayyana shi a sarari a cikin littafin jagorar samfurin kuma ya kamata a bi shi sosai.

Inganta rabon watsawa: Zaɓin rabon watsawa mai ma'ana da kuma guje wa manyan rabo (musamman a watsawar rage gudu) na iya rage canjin saurin kusurwa na sprocket ɗin da aka tuƙa. A cikin tsarin watsawa mai matakai da yawa, ya kamata a sanya mafi girman rabon watsawa zuwa ƙananan matakin gudu don rage tasirin tasirin polygon akan matakin gudu mafi girma.

(IV) Ƙarfafa Shigarwa da Kula da Kayan Aiki

Tabbatar da daidaiton shigarwa: Lokacin shigar da tsarin watsa sarkar nadi, tabbatar da cewa kuskuren daidaitawa tsakanin gatari na tuƙi da na'urar tuƙi, kuskuren nisan tsakiya tsakanin sprockets guda biyu, da kuskuren zagaye na fuskar ƙarshen sprocket suna cikin kewayon da aka yarda. Rashin isasshen daidaiton shigarwa na iya ƙara ta'azzara rashin daidaiton kaya da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin sarkar da sprocket, yana ƙara haɓaka tasirin polygon.

Man shafawa da Kulawa akai-akai: Man shafawa akai-akai na sarkar na'urar da sprockets na iya rage gogayya tsakanin sassan, rage lalacewa a hankali, tsawaita rayuwar sarkar da sprockets, da kuma rage girgiza da girgiza zuwa wani mataki. Zaɓi man shafawa mai dacewa (kamar mai ko mai) bisa ga yanayin aiki da yanayin kayan aiki, sannan a shafa mai da kuma duba kayan aikin a takaitattun lokutan da aka tsara. Sauya sassan da suka lalace da sauri: Idan sarkar ta nuna tsayin daka mai yawa (gabaɗaya ya wuce kashi 3% na madaidaicin sautin farko), lalacewar na'urar ta yi tsanani, ko kuma lalacewar haƙoran sprocket ya wuce iyaka da aka ƙayyade, ya kamata a maye gurbin sarkar ko sprocket da sauri don hana lalacewar sassan da yawa ta ƙara tasirin polygon kuma yana iya haifar da gazawar kayan aiki.

Na biyar, Takaitaccen Bayani
Tasirin polygon na sarƙoƙin naɗawa siffa ce ta tsarin watsa su. Yana da tasiri sosai ga aiki da rayuwar sabis na tsarin watsawa ta hanyar shafar daidaiton saurin watsawa, haifar da girgizar girgiza da hayaniya, da kuma hanzarta lalacewar sassan. Duk da haka, ta hanyar fahimtar ƙa'idodi da takamaiman alamun tasirin polygon da aiwatar da dabarun rage tasirin kimiyya da suka dace (kamar inganta zaɓin sprocket da sarka, sarrafa sigogin aiki, da ƙarfafa shigarwa da kulawa), za mu iya rage mummunan tasirin tasirin polygon yadda ya kamata kuma mu yi amfani da fa'idodin watsa sarƙoƙin naɗawa gaba ɗaya.