Tasirin Zafin Jiki Kan Aikin Faranti Na'urar Roller Isothermal: Mahimman Ka'idoji Masu Inganci Dole Ne Kowane Mai Saye Ya Sani
A masana'antar watsawa ta masana'antu,sarkar nadiAiki kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ingancin aiki na kayan aiki da tsawon lokacin sabis. A matsayinsa na babban ɓangaren sarkar na'urar, ingancin farantin sarkar isothermal yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Aikin farantin sarka yana da alaƙa da tsarin maganin zafi, tare da yanayin zafi mai zafi, ma'auni mai mahimmanci, yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan manyan alamu kamar taurin sarkar, tauri, da juriyar lalacewa.
1. Alaƙar Asali Tsakanin Faranti na Sarkar Isothermal da Tsarin Tsaftacewa
Faranti na sarkar Isothermal muhimman abubuwan da aka ƙera ta hanyar tsarin austempering, wanda ke ba da wani matakin tauri yayin da yake riƙe ƙarfi. Tempering, mataki na ƙarshe a cikin maganin zafi, galibi yana kawar da damuwa na ciki bayan kashewa, yana daidaita tsarin ciki na ƙarfe, kuma a ƙarshe yana ƙayyade halayen injinan sarkar.
A lokacin da ake sarrafa zafin jiki, ko da ƙananan canjin zafin jiki na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin tsarin ƙarfe na ciki na farantin sarka. Lokacin da zafin zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa sosai, akwai adadi mai yawa na tsarin martensite da aka samar yayin kashewa. Duk da cewa wannan yana riƙe da tauri mai yawa, damuwa ta ciki ba ta fitowa gaba ɗaya, wanda ke ƙara karyewar sarkar. Idan zafin ya yi yawa, martensite ɗin yana ruɓewa sosai, yana rage ƙarfi da tauri na sarkar, wanda hakan ke sa shi kasa cika buƙatun ɗaukar kaya. Saboda haka, sarrafa zafin jiki daidai shine babbar fasaha don daidaita halaye daban-daban na aikin sarkar.
2. Tasirin Zafin Jiki akan Taurin Sarka: Daidaita Ƙarfi da Aiki
Tauri muhimmin alama ne na ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya na sarka kuma yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ikon sarkar nadi na juriya ga nakasa a ƙarƙashin manyan kaya. Bayanan gwaji sun nuna muhimmiyar alaƙa mara kyau tsakanin zafin jiki mai daidaitawa da tauri na sarka.
Idan zafin zafin ya kasance tsakanin 200°C da 300°C, za a iya kiyaye taurin sarkar tsakanin 38 zuwa 42 HRC, wani yanki da ya cika buƙatun ɗaukar nauyi na yawancin aikace-aikacen watsawa na masana'antu. A wannan zafin, ƙwayoyin carbide da ke cikin sarkar suna da kyau kuma suna rarraba daidai, suna kiyaye babban ƙarfin da aka samu bayan an kashe su yayin da kuma suna kawar da wasu damuwa na ciki ta hanyar rage zafin jiki. Idan zafin ya kai 350-450°C, taurin ya ragu zuwa 30-35 HRC. Yayin da ƙarfi ya ragu, taurin ya inganta sosai, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da kayan aiki waɗanda ke buƙatar farawa akai-akai. Koyaya, lokacin da zafin ya wuce 500°C, taurin ya faɗi ƙasa da 25 HRC, kuma farantin sarkar yana da saurin lalacewa ta filastik, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace kawai don yanayin watsawa mai sauƙi tare da ƙananan kaya da ƙananan gudu.
Masu siye ya kamata su zaɓi faranti masu zafin jiki da ya dace da ƙimar kayan aikinsu. Misali, sarƙoƙin naɗawa don injinan haƙar ma'adinai, waɗanda dole ne su jure babban tasiri, ya kamata a rage su a kusan 250°C don sarƙoƙin tauri mai ƙarfi. A gefe guda kuma, sarƙoƙin tuƙi don layin sarrafa abinci za a iya rage su a 350°C don sarƙoƙin tauri mai matsakaici, daidaita tauri da juriyar lalacewa.
3. Tauri da Juriyar Gajiya: Ɓoyayyen Tasirin Zafin Jiki
Taurin farantin sarka yana ƙayyade juriyar tasirinsa, yayin da juriyar gajiya ke ƙayyade tsawon rayuwar sarkar na'urar. Duk da cewa yana da wahalar aunawa kai tsaye, waɗannan alamomi guda biyu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin kayan aiki na dogon lokaci kuma dukkansu suna shafar zurfin zafin jiki. Ƙarancin zafin jiki (ƙasa da 200°C) yana haifar da babban matsin lamba a cikin farantin sarka, yana haifar da rashin ƙarfi da kuma saurin fashewa a ƙarƙashin tasirin da aka maimaita. Yayin da zafin jiki na dumama ya tashi zuwa 300-400°C, matsin lambar da ya rage a hankali yana fita, ƙarfin matrix na ferrite yana murmurewa, kuma juriyar tasirin farantin sarka na iya ƙaruwa da sama da 30%. A wannan zafin, farantin sarka ba shi da yuwuwar karyewa ƙarƙashin kaya masu jinkiri, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da injuna tare da farawa da tsayawa akai-akai, kamar kayan aiki na tambari da cranes.
Juriyar gajiya tana kaiwa kololuwarta idan aka daidaita ta a zafin 400-450°C. Wannan yanayin zafin yana haɓaka ruwan sama iri ɗaya na carbide, yana samar da tsarin bainite mai ƙarfi wanda ke hana fara fashewa da yaɗuwar gajiya yadda ya kamata. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa faranti na sarka da aka daidaita a zafin 420°C na iya tsawaita rayuwar gajiyarsu sau 2-3 idan aka kwatanta da makamantan samfuran da aka daidaita a zafin 200°C.
Ga kayan aiki da ke aiki akai-akai na tsawon lokaci, kamar na'urorin jigilar kaya da injinan yin takarda, zaɓar faranti na sarka da aka daidaita a kusan 400°C na iya rage yawan kulawa sosai. A cikin yanayi masu ƙarancin nauyin tasiri, ƙara zafin jiki yadda ya kamata don cimma tsawon lokacin gajiya zai iya rage farashin aiki gaba ɗaya.
4. Juriyar Sawa da Juriyar Tsabta: Ƙarin Darajar Zafin Jiki Mai Tsanani
Baya ga halayen injiniya, lalacewar sarka da juriyar tsatsa suma suna shafar yanayin zafi, wanda yake da mahimmanci musamman a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na aiki.
A yanayin zafi na 300-400°C, fim ɗin oxide da aka samar a saman sarkar yana da tsari mai yawa, yana ba da kariya daga lalacewa daga ƙazanta a cikin mai mai shafawa. Bugu da ƙari, sarƙoƙi da aka yi wa magani a cikin wannan kewayon zafin jiki suna da matsakaicin tauri a saman, suna rage lalacewa akan na'urori masu juyawa da fil, da rage tarkacen ƙarfe yayin watsawa.
A cikin yanayi mai danshi ko mai lalata, sarƙoƙi da aka daidaita sama da 450°C suna aiki mafi kyau. Mafi yawan zafin jiki na rage yawan carbon da ke cikin sarƙoƙin, yana rage yuwuwar tsatsa tsakanin granular, yayin da kuma ke haɓaka samuwar fim mai aiki da inganta juriya ga tsatsa. Misali, a cikin kayan aikin sarrafa ruwa, sarƙoƙi da aka daidaita a 500°C yana da tsawon rayuwar tsatsa sau 1.5 fiye da sarƙoƙi da aka daidaita a 300°C.
Masu saye ya kamata su yi la'akari da yanayin aiki sosai lokacin zabar sarkar. A cikin mahakar ma'adinai mai ƙura, sarkar da ke jure lalacewa sosai an fi so a 350°C. A cikin injinan noma masu danshi, sarkar da ke jure lalata a 450°C ko sama da haka ya kamata a fi so.
5. Jagorar Shawarar Siyayya: Yadda Ake Zaɓar Sarka Dangane da Zafin Jiki Mai Tsami
Dangane da tasirin zafin jiki mai zafi akan aikin sarkar, masu siye za su iya yin zaɓi mai kyau ta bin matakan da ke ƙasa:
Da farko, a tantance ainihin buƙatun kayan aikin. Idan ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya shine babban ma'auni, kamar a cikin injinan ƙarfe, a zaɓi sarkar da aka daidaita a 250-300°C. Idan juriya ga gajiya ita ce babbar matsala, kamar a cikin injinan yadi, a fifita samfuran da aka daidaita a 400-450°C.
Na biyu, a kimanta yanayin aiki. A cikin yanayin aiki mai busasshe da tsafta, a mayar da hankali kan tauri. A cikin yanayin danshi da ƙura, a yi la'akari da juriyar lalacewa da juriyar tsatsa, sannan a ƙara zafin jiki yadda ya kamata.
A ƙarshe, tabbatar da ikon sarrafa tsarin mai bayarwa. Masu samar da kayayyaki masu inganci za su samar da cikakkun sigogin zafin jiki na dumama da rahotannin gwajin aiki don tabbatar da daidaiton aiki a kowane rukuni na faranti na sarkar. Ana ba da shawarar zaɓar masana'anta wanda zai iya sarrafa zafin jiki na dumama a cikin ±10°C don guje wa haɗarin inganci da ke tattare da canjin tsari.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-22-2025