Halayen Tsarin Sarƙoƙi Masu Sau Biyu
A fannin watsawa da isar da kayayyaki na masana'antu, sarƙoƙi masu juyi biyu, godiya ga daidaitawarsu ga manyan nisan tsakiya da ƙarancin asarar kaya, sun zama manyan abubuwan da ke cikin injunan noma, jigilar haƙar ma'adinai, da kayan aikin masana'antu masu sauƙi. Ba kamar sarƙoƙin naɗa na gargajiya ba, ƙirar tsarinsu ta musamman tana ƙayyade kwanciyar hankali da ingancinsu kai tsaye a cikin dogon nisa. Wannan labarin zai samar da cikakken bincike game da halayen tsarinsarƙoƙi masu naɗawa biyudaga mahangar uku: nazarin tsarin asali, dabarun ƙira, da alaƙar aiki, yana ba da shawara ta ƙwararru don zaɓi, amfani, da kulawa.
I. Binciken Tsarin Tsarin Na'urar Naɗawa Mai Sau Biyu
"Sau biyu" na sarkar naɗa mai hawa biyu yana nufin nisan tsakiyar sarkar mahaɗi (nisa daga tsakiyar fil zuwa tsakiyar fil ɗin da ke kusa) wanda ya ninka na sarkar naɗa ta al'ada sau biyu. Wannan bambancin ƙira na asali yana haifar da ƙirar musamman ta waɗannan sassan tsarin guda huɗu masu zuwa, waɗanda tare suke ba da gudummawa ga fa'idodin aiki.
1. Hanyoyin Haɗi: Na'urar Tuƙi mai "Tsawon Sauƙi + Sauƙin Haɗawa"
Tsarin Sauti: Amfani da sau biyu na sarkar nadi ta yau da kullun (misali, matsakaicin sauyi na sarkar 12.7mm ya yi daidai da matsakaicin sau biyu na sarkar 25.4mm). Wannan yana rage jimlar adadin hanyoyin haɗin sarka don tsawon watsawa iri ɗaya, yana rage nauyin sarka da sarka mai sarka.
Haɗawa: Naúrar tuƙi ɗaya ta ƙunshi "faranti biyu na waje + faranti biyu na ciki + saitin bushings na birgima ɗaya," maimakon "saiti ɗaya na faranti ɗaya na kowane fili" wanda aka saba gani a cikin sarƙoƙi na gargajiya. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa yawan abubuwan da ke cikin yayin da yake inganta kwanciyar hankali na ɗaukar kaya a kowane fili.
2. Na'urorin Taya da Bushings: "Daidaitaccen Daidaito" don Rage Ja
Kayan Naɗi: An yi su ne da ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon (misali, ƙarfe 10#) wanda ke shan maganin carbonizing da quenching, wanda ke samun taurin saman HRC58-62 don tabbatar da juriyar lalacewa lokacin da ake haɗa shi da sprocket. Ana iya amfani da robobi na bakin ƙarfe ko injiniya don juriyar tsatsa a wasu aikace-aikacen nauyi. Tsarin Hannun Riga: Hannun Riga da naɗin suna da daidaiton sharewa (0.01-0.03mm), yayin da ramin ciki da fil ɗin suna da daidaiton tsatsa. Wannan yana ƙirƙirar tsarin rage jan hankali mai layuka uku: "fitarwa ta fil + juyawar hannun riga + birgima ta birgima." Wannan yana rage ƙimar gogayya ta watsawa zuwa 0.02-0.05, ƙasa da gogayya mai zamiya.
3. Faranti na Sarka: "Faɗi Mai Faɗi + Kaya Mai Kauri" don Tallafin Tauri
Tsarin Waje: Farantin haɗin waje da na ciki suna amfani da tsarin "faɗin murabba'i mai faɗi", 15%-20% fiye da sarƙoƙi na gargajiya masu takamaiman tsari iri ɗaya. Wannan yana watsa matsin lamba na radial yayin haɗuwar sprocket kuma yana hana lalacewa a gefunan farantin sarkar.
Zaɓin Kauri: Dangane da ƙimar kaya, kauri farantin sarka yawanci shine 3-8mm (idan aka kwatanta da 2-5mm ga sarƙoƙi na gargajiya). An yi shi da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (kamar 40MnB) ta hanyar kashewa da dumamawa, farantin sarkar yana samun ƙarfin tensile na 800-1200 MPa, yana biyan buƙatun nauyin tensile na watsawa na dogon lokaci.
4. Pin: Maɓallin Haɗin "Diamita Mai Sirara + Dogon Sashe"
Tsarin Diamita: Saboda tsayin daka, diamita na fil ɗin ya ɗan ƙanƙanta fiye da na sarkar da aka saba amfani da ita iri ɗaya (misali, diamita na fil ɗin sarka mai tsari shine 7.94mm, yayin da diamita na fil ɗin sarka mai tsari biyu shine 6.35mm). Duk da haka, tsawon yana ninkawa, yana tabbatar da haɗin kai mai karko tsakanin hanyoyin haɗin da ke kusa ko da kuwa manyan ramuka ne.
Maganin Fuskar Sama: An yi wa saman fil ɗin fenti fenti mai kauri na chrome ko phosphate mai kauri na 5-10μm. Wannan murfin yana ƙara juriya ga tsatsa kuma yana rage gogayya da zamiya tare da ramin ciki na hannun riga, yana ƙara tsawon lokacin gajiya (yawanci yana kaiwa awanni 1000-2000 na tsawon lokacin watsawa).
II. Haɗin kai tsakanin Tsarin Gine-gine da Aiki: Me yasa sarkar mai hawa biyu ta dace da watsawa mai tsayi?
Sifofin tsarin sarkar nadawa mai matakai biyu sun wuce girman da ake buƙata kawai. Madadin haka, suna magance babban buƙatar "tsawon watsawa daga tsakiya zuwa tsakiya" kuma suna cimma manyan manufofin aiki guda uku na "rage nauyi, rage ja, da kuma ɗaukar nauyi mai ɗorewa." Manufar haɗin kai ta musamman ita ce kamar haka:
1. Tsarin tsayin daka → Rage nauyin sarka da farashin shigarwa
Don irin wannan nisan watsawa, sarkar sau biyu tana da rabin adadin hanyoyin haɗi a matsayin sarkar gargajiya. Misali, don nisan watsawa na mita 10, sarkar gargajiya (fitilar 12.7mm) tana buƙatar hanyoyin haɗi 787, yayin da sarkar sau biyu (fitilar 25.4mm) tana buƙatar hanyoyin haɗi 393 kawai, wanda ke rage jimlar nauyin sarkar da kusan kashi 40%.
Wannan rage nauyin yana rage "nauyin overhang" na tsarin watsawa kai tsaye, musamman a yanayin watsawa a tsaye ko a karkace (kamar lif). Wannan yana rage nauyin mota kuma yana rage yawan amfani da makamashi (an auna tanadin makamashi na kashi 8%-12%).
2. Sarkoki masu faɗi + Manyan fil masu ƙarfi → Ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali
A cikin watsawa mai tsayi (misali, nisan tsakiya ya wuce mita 5), sarƙoƙi suna da saurin yin lanƙwasa saboda nauyinsu. Faranti masu faɗi suna ƙara yankin hulɗar da aka haɗa da sprocket (fiye da sarƙoƙi na gargajiya kashi 30%), suna rage gudu yayin haɗuwa (ana sarrafa gudu zuwa cikin 0.5mm).
Dogayen fil ɗin, tare da daidaita tsangwama, suna hana hanyoyin haɗin sarka sassautawa yayin watsawa mai sauri (≤300 rpm), suna tabbatar da daidaiton watsawa (kuskuren watsawa ≤0.1mm/mita).
3. Tsarin Rage Jawo Mai Layi Uku → Ya dace da Ƙananan Gudu da Tsawon Rai
Ana amfani da sarƙoƙi masu girman biyu a cikin watsawa mai ƙarancin gudu (yawanci ≤300 rpm, idan aka kwatanta da 1000 rpm ga sarƙoƙi na gargajiya). Tsarin fil mai girman uku yana rarraba gogayya mai tsauri a ƙananan gudu, yana hana lalacewa da wuri. Bayanan gwajin fili sun nuna cewa a cikin injunan noma (kamar sarƙoƙin jigilar kaya na mai girbin haɗaka), sarƙoƙi masu girman biyu na iya samun tsawon sabis sau 1.5-2 fiye da sarƙoƙi na gargajiya, wanda ke rage yawan kulawa.
III. Fa'idodin Tsarin Gine-gine Masu Faɗi: Zaɓa da Kulawa Mahimman Mahimman Maɓallan Sarƙoƙi Masu Sau Biyu
Dangane da fasalulluka na tsarin da ke sama, ana buƙatar zaɓi da kulawa da aka yi niyya a aikace-aikacen gaske don haɓaka fa'idodin aikinsu.
1. Zaɓi: Daidaita Sigogi na Tsarin da ya dogara da "Nisa ta Cibiyar Watsawa + Nau'in Load"
Ga nisan tsakiya da ya wuce mita 5, ana fifita sarƙoƙi masu tsayi biyu don guje wa matsaloli masu sarkakiya da ke tattare da sarƙoƙi na gargajiya saboda yawan hanyoyin haɗin.
Don jigilar kaya masu sauƙi (nauyin da bai kai 500N ba), ana iya amfani da faranti masu siriri (3-4mm) masu naɗe filastik don rage farashi. Don jigilar kaya masu nauyi (nauyin da ya fi 1000N), ana ba da shawarar faranti masu kauri (6-8mm) masu naɗewa masu kauri don tabbatar da ƙarfin tauri.
2. Kulawa: Mayar da hankali kan "Yankunan da ke da matsala + Tashin hankali" don tsawaita rayuwa.
Man shafawa akai-akai: A duk bayan sa'o'i 50 na aiki, a zuba man shafawa mai tushen lithium (Nau'i na 2#) a cikin tazara tsakanin abin nadi da bushing don hana lalacewa daga bushing gogayya da bushing gogayya ke haifarwa.
Duba Tashin Hankali: Saboda dogayen layukan suna da saurin tsawaitawa, daidaita na'urar rage zafin a kowane sa'o'i 100 na aiki don kiyaye sarkar ta faɗi cikin kashi 1% na nisan tsakiya (misali, don nisan tsakiya na mita 10, raguwa ≤ 100mm) don hana cire haɗin daga sprocket.
Kammalawa: Tsarin Yana Nuna Ƙima. "Fa'idar Tsawon Lokaci" ta Sarƙoƙi Masu Sau Biyu Ya fito ne daga Tsarin Daidaitacce.
Sifofin tsarin sarƙoƙi masu zagaye biyu sun magance buƙatar "watsawa ta tsakiya mai nisa" daidai—rage nauyin nauyi ta hanyar tsayin daka, inganta kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar faranti masu faɗi da fil masu ƙarfi, da kuma tsawaita rayuwa ta hanyar tsarin rage jan hankali mai matakai uku. Ko dai jigilar injunan noma ne na nesa ko kuma jigilar kayan aikin haƙar ma'adinai mai sauƙi, daidaito mai zurfi na ƙirar tsarinsa da aikinsa ya sa ya zama ɓangaren watsawa da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba a fannin masana'antu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-13-2025