Ka'idojin Zaɓe don Sarƙoƙi Masu Naɗi a Masu Girbi na Noma
A matsayin babban ɓangaren da ke haɗa watsa wutar lantarki da aiwatar da aikin injin girbi, zaɓin sarkar na'urar girbi kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ingancin aikin kayan aiki, ƙimar gazawar, da tsawon lokacin sabis. Ga dillalai da ke niyya ga kasuwar duniya, ƙwarewa a cikin ƙa'idodin zaɓin kimiyya ba wai kawai yana ba da damar daidaita buƙatun abokin ciniki daidai ba, har ma yana rage farashin bayan siyarwa da kuma gina suna na ƙwararru - musamman a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na samar da amfanin gona inda "lokaci shine ainihin mahimmanci." Zaɓin da bai dace ba guda ɗaya na iya haifar da girbin abokin ciniki gaba ɗaya, wanda a ƙarshe yana shafar aminci da haɗin gwiwa. Wannan labarin zai fara ne daga halayen aiki na masu girbi, yana bayyana manyan ma'auni, matakai masu amfani, da kuma kuskuren fahimta na gama gari nasarkar nadizaɓi, yana ba dillalai jagorar fasaha mai aiki.
I. Sigogin Aiki na Core Harvester da Dole ne a Fahimce su Kafin Zaɓar su
Yanayin aiki na masu girbin amfanin gona yana da sarkakiya kuma yana da bambanci. Amfanin gona daban-daban (alkama, masara, shinkafa), ƙarfin aiki (yankin aiki na yau da kullun a kowace na'ura), da yanayin yanki (ruwa, ƙura, da zafin jiki mai yawa) duk suna shafar buƙatun aiki na sarkar na'urar. Kafin zaɓar, dole ne a tabbatar da mahimman sigogi guda uku tare da abokin ciniki don guje wa "zaɓi bisa ga ƙwarewa."
Ainihin Nauyin da Aka Tura: Yana da mahimmanci a bambance tsakanin "nauyin da aka kimanta" da "nauyin da aka tasiri." A lokacin aikin girbi, yanayi kamar kanun da ke fuskantar abubuwa masu tauri (duwatsu, tarin ciyawa) ko sarkar jigilar kaya ba zato ba tsammani na iya haifar da tasiri sau 2-3 na nauyin da aka kimanta. Saboda haka, zaɓin samfuri ya kamata ya dogara ne akan nauyin tasirin, ba kawai nauyin da ya dace da ƙarfin da aka ƙayyade a cikin littafin kayan aiki ba.
Saurin Aiki na Sarkar: Saurin sassa daban-daban ya bambanta sosai. Misali, sarkar tuƙi ta kai ta masu girbi yawanci tana aiki a 500-800 r/min, yayin da saurin tsarin jigilar kaya galibi shine 200-400 r/min. Saurin da ya fi girma yana haifar da ƙarfin centrifugal da lalacewa cikin sauri akan sarkar; saboda haka, ya kamata a fifita samfuran sarkar masu inganci da sauƙi.
Halayen Muhalli na Aiki: Ana la'akari da manyan ma'auni guda uku: ƙura (misali, girbin alkama a yankunan arewa), yawan danshi (misali, gonakin shinkafa a yankunan kudu), da kuma kasancewar abubuwa masu lalata (misali, ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga bambaro da aka niƙa a cikin masu girbin haɗaka). Muhalli masu tsauri suna sanya buƙatu mafi girma akan kayan sarkar, maganin saman, da tsarin rufewa. II. Manyan Ma'auni Huɗu don Zaɓar Sarkokin Naɗi don Masu Girbi na Noma
Dangane da sigogin aiki da ke sama, dillalai za su iya rage yawan zaɓin ta amfani da waɗannan ƙa'idodi guda huɗu don ƙarshe ƙayyade samfurin sarkar na'ura mai dacewa.
1. Daidaita Loads: "Abubuwan Tsaro" a matsayin Babban Alamar
Load shine babban tushen zaɓi. Ya kamata a ƙididdige abin da ke cikin aminci ta hanyar "ainihin nauyin tasiri ÷ sarkar da aka ƙididdige nauyi mai ƙarfi" don tabbatar da cewa sarkar ba ta karyewa a ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayin aiki.
Ka'idar Darajar Tsaro: Ga masu girbin alkama/shinkafa, ana ba da shawarar a yi amfani da matakin tsaro ≥1.8; ga masu girbin masara (masu yawan bambaro), ≥2.2. Idan ƙarfin aikin abokin ciniki ya yi yawa (misali, fiye da awanni 12 na aiki a kowace rana), ya kamata a ƙara shi da 0.3-0.5.
Gargaɗi: A guji "zaɓin nauyin da ya wuce kima" (watau, wani abu mai haɗari mai yawa), in ba haka ba zai ƙara nauyin sarkar da farashi, kuma yana iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin sarkar da sprocket, wanda ke hanzarta lalacewa.
2. Daidaita Sauri: Bukatun Daidaita Sarka da Man Shafawa
Sauri yana shafar samar da zafi da kuma yawan lalacewa na sarkar. Dole ne a zaɓi madaidaicin matakin sarkar da kuma maganin shafawa bisa ga saurin.
Daidaitaccen Ma'auni: Don saurin da ya wuce 600 r/min, a fifita sarƙoƙin ISO 60 (babban daidaito) don rage girgiza da hayaniya yayin aiki; don saurin da ya wuce 400 r/min, ana iya zaɓar sarƙoƙin ISO 80 (daidaitaccen daidaito) don daidaita farashi da aiki.
Alaƙar Man Shafawa: Sarƙoƙi masu saurin gudu suna buƙatar man shafawa mai hana lalacewa mai zafi (kamar man shafawa mai tushen lithium), kuma ya kamata a shawarci abokan ciniki da su rage zagayowar man shafawa (ana ba da shawarar a sake cika duk bayan sa'o'i 8) don guje wa "bushewar gogayya" saboda rashin isasshen man shafawa.
3. Daidaita Muhalli: Zaɓin Kayan Aiki da Fuskar Gida
Yanayi daban-daban na aiki suna buƙatar zaɓin kayan sarka da hanyoyin magance saman, wanda ke tantance tsatsa da juriyar gurɓata sarkar.
Muhalli na Aiki | Kayan da aka ba da shawarar | Tsarin Maganin Fuskar Sama | Babban Fa'idodi
Muhalli Mai Kura, Busasshe | Karfe Mai Tsarin Alloy 40MnB | Carburizing da Quenching + Phosphating | Babban tauri a saman, mai jure ƙura da lalacewa
Danshi Mai Tsami, Muhalli Mai Ruwan Sama | Bakin Karfe 304 (Kayan Rage Ragewa) | Maganin Jin Daɗi | Rigakafin Tsatsa Mai Ƙarfi, Ya dace da ayyukan filin kiwo
Nauyi Mai Kauri + Muhalli Mai Lalacewa | Karfe Mai Ginawa na 20CrMnTi | Rufin Galvanized + Rufewa | Yana daidaita ƙarfi da juriyar tsatsa, ya dace da masu girbin masara
4. Daidaita Tsarin: Haɗin kai mara matsala tare da Harvester Sprockets
Dole ne a daidaita sigogin tsarin sarkar nadi gaba ɗaya da sprockets ɗin da ke akwai na mai girbi; in ba haka ba, zai haifar da rashin kyawun haɗin gwiwa, ƙarar da ba ta dace ba, ko ma karyewa.
Ma'aunin Daidaita Jiki: Fitilar (mafi mahimmancin girman sarkar, wanda dole ne ya yi daidai da fitilar fitilar, tare da kuskure ≤0.05mm), Diamita na Naɗi (dole ne ya dace da girman ramin haƙorin fitilar ...
III. Tsarin Zaɓin Dillali: Matakai 3: Daga Sadarwa zuwa Tabbatarwa
Bayan an ƙware ƙa'idodin, ya zama dole a yi magana da abokin ciniki ta hanyar tsari mai tsari don tabbatar da daidaiton bayanan zaɓi da kuma guje wa takaddama bayan siyarwa daga baya.
Mataki na 1: Nemi Bayanan Kayan Aikin Abokin Ciniki Nemi samfurin mai girbi, samfurin (misali, John Deere S780, Kubota PRO988) da takamaiman kayan aikin (drive header, conveyor slain, system stuck) daga abokin ciniki. Tabbatar da ainihin ƙayyadaddun sarkar kayan aikin ta hanyar littafin kayan aiki ko bayanin masana'anta a matsayin tushen zaɓi.
Mataki na 2: Ƙara da Tambayoyi Kan Yanayin Aiki Cikakkun Bayanai Yi amfani da tambayoyi masu sauƙi don fayyace mahimman sigogi, kamar: "Waɗanne amfanin gona ne mai girbinku ya fi girbi?" "Menene matsakaicin lokacin aiki na yau da kullun a kowace na'ura?" "Shin filin noma ne ko busasshen ƙasa?" Canza buƙatu marasa tabbas zuwa takamaiman sigogin fasaha. Mataki na 3: Ba da Maganin Zaɓi da Gargaɗin Haɗari. Ba wa abokan ciniki mafita 1-2 masu dacewa (misali, mafita ta farko + madadin mai rahusa), yana nuna yanayi da matakan kariya da suka dace ga kowane mafita. Misali: "Sarkin Maganin 1's ya dace da ayyukan masara masu nauyi, amma yana buƙatar man shafawa a kowane awa 6; Maganin 2 ya fi 15% rahusa, amma ana ba da shawarar kawai don ayyukan alkama masu sauƙi."
IV. Kuskuren Zaɓen da Aka Yi Amfani da Shi: Matsaloli 3 da Dillalai Ya Kamata Su Guji
Kuskuren Ra'ayi na 1: Mayar da Hankali Kan Fitilar Kawai, Yin Watsi da Wasu Sigogi. Wasu dillalai suna ganin "idan fitilar ta yi daidai, za a iya amfani da ita," amma suna yin sakaci da daidaita diamita na nadawa da faɗin haɗin ciki, wanda ke haifar da toshewar sarka yayin haɗa fitilar, kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, lalacewa ga fitilar. Ya kamata a tunatar da abokan ciniki: sarkar "cikakkiyar daidaituwa ce," kuma duk sigogin tsarin dole ne su yi daidai da sarkar asali.
Kuskure Na 2: Ba da Shawarwari Kan "Sarka Mai Tsada" A Makance. Sarkoki masu tsada ƙila ba za su biya buƙatun abokan ciniki ba. Misali, ba da shawarar sarƙoƙin ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe don busassun filayen alkama zai ƙara farashin abokan ciniki, kuma bakin ƙarfe ba shi da ƙarfi kamar ƙarfe na ƙarfe, wanda hakan zai iya rage tsawon rayuwarsa. Ya kamata a ba da shawarar mafita "mafi araha" bisa ga yanayin aiki, ba mafita "mafi tsada" ba.
Kuskure Na 3: Yin watsi da yanayin shigarwa da kulawa. Idan wurin abokin ciniki ba shi da ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kulawa, ya kamata a ba da shawarar sarkar da ke da halaye "marasa kulawa" (kamar sarkar rufe mai zoben rufewa), kuma ya kamata a sauƙaƙa buƙatun shafa man shafawa. Idan kayan aikin abokin ciniki suna da ƙarancin sararin shigarwa, dole ne a tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin radius na lanƙwasa na sarkar don guje wa gazawar shigarwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-05-2025