Zafin kashewa da lokacin sarkar nadi: nazarin mahimman sigogin tsari
A fannin watsawa ta injina,sarkar nadiBabban ɓangare ne, kuma aikinsa yana shafar ingancin aiki da amincin kayan aikin injiniya kai tsaye. Kashewa, a matsayin babban tsarin maganin zafi a cikin samar da sarkar nadi, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta ƙarfinsa, tauri, juriyar lalacewa da kuma tsawon lokacin gajiya. Wannan labarin zai bincika ƙa'idodin ƙayyade yanayin zafin jiki da lokaci na kashe sarkar nadi, sigogin tsari na kayan gama gari, sarrafa tsari da sabbin ci gaba, da nufin samar da cikakkun bayanai na fasaha ga masana'antun sarkar nadi da masu siyan kayayyaki na ƙasashen duniya, don taimaka musu su fahimci tasirin tsarin kashewa akan aikin sarkar nadi da kuma yanke shawara mai zurfi game da samarwa da siyan kaya.
1. Manufofi na asali na kashe sarkar nadi
Kashewa tsari ne na sarrafa zafi wanda ke dumama sarkar naɗawa zuwa wani zafin jiki, yana riƙe ta da ɗumi na wani lokaci, sannan yana sanyaya ta da sauri. Manufarsa ita ce inganta halayen injina na sarkar naɗawa, kamar tauri da ƙarfi, ta hanyar canza tsarin ƙarfe na kayan. Sanyaya cikin sauri yana canza austenite zuwa martensite ko bainite, yana ba sarkar naɗawa kyawawan halaye masu kyau.
2. Tushen tantance zafin jiki na kashewa
Muhimmin ma'aunin kayan aiki: Sarkokin na'urori masu jujjuyawa na kayan aiki daban-daban suna da mahimman ma'auni daban-daban, kamar Ac1 da Ac3. Ac1 shine mafi girman zafin jiki na yankin pearlite da ferrite mai matakai biyu, kuma Ac3 shine mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki don cikakken austenitization. Yawancin lokaci ana zaɓar zafin kashewa sama da Ac3 ko Ac1 don tabbatar da cewa kayan an austenitized gaba ɗaya. Misali, ga sarƙoƙin na'urori masu jujjuyawa da aka yi da ƙarfe 45, Ac1 yana da kusan 727℃, Ac3 yana da kusan 780℃, kuma sau da yawa ana zaɓar zafin kashewa a kusan 800℃.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na kayan aiki da kuma yadda ake aiki: Abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da ke haɗa ƙarfe suna shafar ƙarfin taurare da aikin sarƙoƙin naɗa. Ga sarƙoƙin naɗa ƙarfe masu yawan abubuwan haɗa ƙarfe, kamar sarƙoƙin naɗa ƙarfe na ƙarfe, ana iya ƙara zafin kashewa yadda ya kamata don ƙara ƙarfin taurare da kuma tabbatar da cewa tsakiya na iya samun ƙarfi da ƙarfi mai kyau. Ga sarƙoƙin naɗa ƙarfe marasa carbon, zafin kashewa ba zai iya zama mai yawa ba don guje wa mummunan iskar shaka da kuma cire carbon, wanda ke shafar ingancin saman.
Kula da girman hatsin Austenite: ƙananan ƙwayoyin Austenite na iya samun kyakkyawan tsarin martensite bayan an kashe su, don haka sarkar naɗawa tana da ƙarfi da tauri mafi girma. Saboda haka, ya kamata a zaɓi zafin kashewa a cikin kewayon da zai iya samun ƙananan ƙwayoyin Austenite. Gabaɗaya, yayin da zafin ya tashi, ƙwayoyin Austenite suna girma, amma yadda ya kamata ƙara yawan sanyaya ko ɗaukar matakan tsari don tace ƙwayoyin na iya hana haɓakar hatsi zuwa wani mataki.
3. Abubuwan da ke ƙayyade lokacin kashewa
Girma da siffar sarkar nadi: manyan sarkokin nadi suna buƙatar dogon lokacin kariya don tabbatar da cewa an mayar da zafi gaba ɗaya zuwa ciki kuma dukkan sashin giciye an daidaita shi daidai gwargwado. Misali, ga faranti nadi masu girman diamita, ana iya tsawaita lokacin kariya yadda ya kamata.
Hanyar ɗaukar da kuma tattara wutar lantarki: Yawan ɗora wutar lantarki a cikin tanda ko kuma yawan tara ta da yawa zai haifar da dumamar sarkar na'urar, wanda hakan zai haifar da rashin daidaiton austenitization. Saboda haka, lokacin da ake tantance lokacin kashe wutar, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da tasirin da hanyar ɗora wutar lantarki da tattara ta ke yi kan canja wurin zafi, a ƙara lokacin riƙewa yadda ya kamata, da kuma tabbatar da cewa kowace sarkar na'urar ...
Daidaiton zafin wutar lantarki da kuma saurin dumamawa: Kayan aikin dumamawa tare da daidaiton zafin wutar lantarki mai kyau na iya sa dukkan sassan sarkar na'urar dumama su yi zafi daidai gwargwado, kuma lokacin da ake buƙata don isa ga yanayin zafi ɗaya ya yi gajere, kuma ana iya rage lokacin riƙewa daidai gwargwado. Hakanan saurin dumamawa zai shafi matakin austenitization. Saurin dumamawa na iya rage lokacin da za a kai ga zafin da za a kashe, amma lokacin riƙewa dole ne ya tabbatar da cewa austenite ya yi kama da juna.
4. Kashe zafin jiki da lokacin kayan sarkar nadi na yau da kullun
Sarkar nadi ta ƙarfe ta carbon
Karfe 45: Zafin kashewa gabaɗaya shine 800℃-850℃, kuma lokacin riƙewa ana ƙayyade shi gwargwadon girman sarkar naɗawa da kuma nauyin tanderu, yawanci yana tsakanin mintuna 30-60. Misali, ga ƙananan sarƙoƙin naɗawa na ƙarfe 45, ana iya zaɓar zafin kashewa a matsayin 820℃, kuma lokacin rufewa shine mintuna 30; ga manyan sarƙoƙin naɗawa, ana iya ƙara zafin kashewa zuwa 840℃, kuma lokacin rufewa shine mintuna 60.
Karfe T8: Zafin kashewa yana da kusan 780℃-820℃, kuma lokacin rufewa gabaɗaya shine minti 20-50. Sarkar naɗa ƙarfe T8 tana da tauri mafi girma bayan kashewa kuma ana iya amfani da ita a lokutan watsawa tare da manyan lodin tasiri.
Sarkar nadi mai ƙarfe ta ƙarfe ta ƙarfe
Karfe 20CrMnTi: Zafin kashewa yawanci shine 860℃-900℃, kuma lokacin rufewa shine mintuna 40-70. Wannan kayan yana da kyakkyawan juriya da juriya ga lalacewa, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin sarƙoƙi na birgima a cikin motoci, babura da sauran masana'antu.
Karfe 40Cr: Zafin kashewa shine 830℃-860℃, kuma lokacin rufewa shine minti 30-60. Sarkar naɗa ƙarfe 40Cr tana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi sosai, kuma ana amfani da ita sosai a fannin watsawa a masana'antu.
Sarkar naɗa bakin ƙarfe: Idan aka yi la'akari da ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe 304 a matsayin misali, zafin kashe shi gabaɗaya shine 1050℃-1150℃, kuma lokacin rufewa shine mintuna 30-60. Sarkar naɗa bakin ƙarfe tana da juriya mai kyau ga tsatsa kuma ta dace da sinadarai, abinci da sauran masana'antu.
5. Kashe tsarin aiki
Kula da Tsarin Dumama: Yi amfani da kayan aikin dumama na zamani, kamar tanderun yanayi mai sarrafawa, don daidaita yawan dumama da yanayin da ke cikin tanderun daidai don rage iskar shaka da kuma cire carbon. A lokacin dumama, a kula da yawan dumama a matakai don guje wa lalacewar sarkar nadi ko damuwar zafi da ta haifar sakamakon hauhawar zafin jiki kwatsam.
Zaɓin tsarin sarrafa kashewa da kuma sarrafa sanyaya: Zaɓi hanyar kashewa mai dacewa bisa ga kayan aiki da girman sarkar na'urar, kamar ruwa, mai, ruwan kashewa na polymer, da sauransu. Ruwa yana da saurin sanyaya kuma ya dace da ƙananan sarƙoƙin na'urar na'urar ƙarfe mai girman carbon; mai yana da saurin sanyaya mai jinkirin kuma ya dace da manyan sarƙoƙin na'urar na'urar ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mai girman gaske ko ƙarfe. A lokacin aikin sanyaya, a kula da zafin jiki, saurin motsawa da sauran sigogi na hanyar kashewa don tabbatar da sanyaya iri ɗaya da kuma guje wa fashewar kashewa.
Maganin rage zafi: Ya kamata a rage zafin da ke kan sarkar na'urar bayan an kashe ta a kan lokaci domin kawar da damuwar da ke kashe ta, a daidaita tsarin da kuma inganta taurinta. Zafin zafin da ke kan sarkar na'urar gaba daya yana tsakanin 150℃-300℃, kuma lokacin riƙewa shine awa 1-3. Ya kamata a tantance zaɓin zafin da ke kan sarkar na'urar bisa ga buƙatun amfani da buƙatun taurinta. Misali, ga sarkar na'urar da ke buƙatar taurin kai mai yawa, za a iya rage zafin da ke kan sarkar na'urar yadda ya kamata.
6. Sabbin ci gaban fasahar kashe gobara
Tsarin kashe wutar lantarki ta Isothermal: Ta hanyar sarrafa zafin wutar lantarki ta hanyar kashe wutar lantarki, sarkar na'urar nadawa tana nan a cikin yanayin zafin da ake iya canzawa austenite da bainite don samun tsarin bainite. Kashe wutar lantarki ta Isothermal na iya rage lalacewar kashe wutar lantarki, inganta daidaiton girma da halayen injina na sarkar nadawa, kuma ya dace da samar da wasu sarkar nadawa masu inganci. Misali, sigogin kashe wutar lantarki ta Isothermal na farantin sarkar karfe na C55E sune zafin kashe wutar lantarki 850℃, zafin wutar lantarki 310℃, lokacin isothermal 25min. Bayan kashe wutar lantarki, taurin farantin sarkar ya cika buƙatun fasaha, kuma ƙarfi, gajiya da sauran kaddarorin sarkar suna kusa da na kayan 50CrV da aka yi wa magani da irin wannan tsari.
Tsarin kashewa mai daraja: Da farko ana sanyaya sarkar nadi a cikin matsakaici a mafi girman zafin jiki, sannan a sanyaya a cikin matsakaici a ƙaramin zafin jiki, ta yadda tsarin ciki da waje na sarkar nadi za a canza su daidai gwargwado. Kashewa a hankali zai iya rage damuwa ta kashewa yadda ya kamata, rage lahani na kashewa, da kuma inganta inganci da aikin sarkar nadi.
Fasahar kwaikwayon kwamfuta da ingantawa: Yi amfani da manhajar kwaikwayon kwamfuta, kamar JMatPro, don kwaikwayon tsarin kashewa na sarkar na'ura, hango canje-canje a cikin tsari da aiki, da kuma inganta sigogin tsarin kashewa. Ta hanyar kwaikwayon, ana iya fahimtar tasirin yanayin zafi daban-daban da lokutan kashewa akan aikin sarkar na'ura a gaba, ana iya rage adadin gwaje-gwaje, kuma ana iya inganta ingancin ƙirar tsari.
A taƙaice, zafin kashewa da lokacin sarkar na'ura sune manyan sigogin tsari da ke shafar aikinsa. A zahirin samarwa, ya zama dole a zaɓi zafin kashewa da lokaci bisa ga kayan aiki, girma, buƙatun amfani da sauran abubuwan sarkar na'ura, sannan a kula da tsarin kashewa sosai don samun samfuran sarkar na'ura mai inganci da aiki mai kyau. A lokaci guda, tare da ci gaba da haɓakawa da ƙirƙira fasahar kashewa, kamar kashewa mai ƙarfi, kashewa mai daraja da amfani da fasahar kwaikwayon kwamfuta, za a ƙara inganta ingancin samarwa da ingancin sarkar na'ura mai juyawa don biyan buƙatun kasuwa da ke ƙaruwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-09-2025