Kwatanta Kudin Kulawa na Sarkunan Roller da Sarkar Drives

Kwatanta Kudin Kulawa na Sarkunan Roller da Sarkar Drives

A fannoni da dama kamar watsawa a masana'antu, injinan noma, da watsa wutar lantarki a babura, na'urorin sarrafa sarka sun zama muhimman abubuwan da ba makawa saboda fa'idodinsu na ingantaccen aiki, sauƙin daidaitawa, da juriya ga mawuyacin yanayi na aiki. Kudaden kulawa, a matsayin babban ɓangare na jimlar kuɗin mallakar (TCO), suna shafar ingancin aiki na kamfani da fa'idodin dogon lokaci. Na'urorin sarrafa sarka, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan na'urorin sarrafa sarka da aka fi amfani da su, sun daɗe suna zama abin da masu kula da kayan aiki da masu yanke shawara kan siye suka fi mai da hankali saboda bambance-bambancen da ke tsakaninsu a farashin gyara idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsarin sarrafa sarka (kamar su sarka mai laushi, sarka mai shiru, da sarka mai hakora). Wannan labarin zai fara ne daga ainihin abubuwan da ke cikin farashin gyara, yana ba wa masu aikin masana'antu cikakken bayani ta hanyar kwatantawa da nazari bisa ga yanayi.

I. Fayyace Muhimman Abubuwan da ke Cikin Kudaden Kulawa

Kafin mu yi kwatancen, muna buƙatar fayyace cikakken iyakokin kuɗin gyaran sarkar - ba wai kawai game da maye gurbin sassa ba ne, amma cikakken kashe kuɗi wanda ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen kai tsaye da na kai tsaye, musamman waɗanda suka haɗa da waɗannan fannoni huɗu:
Kuɗin Amfani: Kudin siye da maye gurbin kayan gyara kamar man shafawa, masu hana tsatsa, da hatimi;
Kudin Sauya Kayayyaki: Kudin maye gurbin sassan lalacewa (na'urori masu juyawa, bushings, fil, faranti na sarka, da sauransu) da kuma dukkan sarkar, galibi ya dogara ne da tsawon lokacin da sassan ke ɗauka da kuma yawan sauyawar da ake yi;
Kudin Aiki da Kayan Aiki: Kudin ma'aikatan gyara da kuma farashin siye da rage darajar kayan aiki na musamman (kamar na'urorin rage sarka da kayan aikin kwancewa);
Kuɗin Asarar Lokacin Aiki: Asarar kai tsaye kamar katsewar samarwa da jinkirin oda sakamakon rashin aikin kayan aiki yayin aiki. Wannan kuɗin yakan wuce kuɗin da aka kashe kai tsaye wajen gyarawa.

Kwatantawar da za a yi nan gaba za ta mayar da hankali kan waɗannan fannoni huɗu, inda za a haɗa bayanai na masana'antu (kamar DIN da ANSI) tare da bayanan aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da su don cikakken nazari.

II. Kwatanta Kuɗin Kula da Sarkokin Na'urori Masu Lanƙwasa da Sauran Na'urorin Sarka

1. Kudaden Amfani: Sarkokin Roller suna ba da Sauƙin Amfani da Tattalin Arziki
Babban farashin amfani da sarkar tuƙi yana cikin man shafawa - sarƙoƙi daban-daban suna da buƙatun man shafawa daban-daban, wanda ke ƙayyade kai tsaye farashin amfani na dogon lokaci.

Sarkokin Naɗi: Yawancin sarkokin naɗi (musamman sarkokin naɗi na masana'antu waɗanda suka yi daidai da ƙa'idodin ANSI da DIN) sun dace da man shafawa na masana'antu na gabaɗaya, ba sa buƙatar tsari na musamman. Suna samuwa sosai kuma suna da ƙarancin farashi (man shafawa na masana'antu na yau da kullun yana kashe kimanin RMB 50-150 a kowace lita). Bugu da ƙari, sarkokin naɗi suna ba da hanyoyin shafa mai sassauƙa, gami da shafawa da hannu, shafa mai digo, ko shafa mai mai sauƙi, wanda ke kawar da buƙatar tsarin shafa mai mai rikitarwa da kuma rage farashin da ya shafi amfani.

Sauran hanyoyin sarrafa sarka, kamar sarƙoƙi marasa sauti (sarƙoƙin haƙora), suna buƙatar daidaito mai yawa na raga kuma suna buƙatar amfani da man shafawa na musamman masu zafi mai zafi, masu hana lalacewa (farashinsu shine kimanin RMB 180-300/lita). Ana buƙatar ƙarin ɗaukar nauyin shafa mai daidai gwargwado, kuma a wasu yanayi, tsarin shafawa na atomatik ya zama dole (zuba jari na farko na RMB da yawa). Duk da cewa sarƙoƙin hannu na iya amfani da man shafawa na yau da kullun, yawan amfani da man shafawarsu ya fi kashi 20%-30% girma fiye da sarƙoƙin nadi saboda ƙirar tsarinsu, wanda ke haifar da babban bambanci na dogon lokaci a cikin farashin amfani.

Babban ƙarshe: Sarkokin roller suna ba da damar yin amfani da man shafawa mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin amfani da shi, wanda ke ba su fa'ida a farashin amfani.

2. Kudaden Sauya Sassa: Fa'idodin Sarkunan Nadawa na "Sauƙin Kulawa da Rage Tsagewa" Sun Fi Fifita

Babban abin da ke tasiri ga farashin maye gurbin sassa shine tsawon rai da kuma sauƙin maye gurbin sassan lalacewa:

Kwatanta Rayuwar Sashen Sashi:
Sassan sarƙoƙin naɗawa na asali sune na'urori masu juyawa, bushings, da fil. An yi su da ƙarfe mai inganci (kamar ƙarfe mai tsari na ƙarfe) kuma an yi musu magani da zafi (wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin DIN don yin carburizing da kashewa), tsawon lokacin aikinsu a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun (kamar injinan watsawa na masana'antu da na noma) na iya kaiwa awanni 8000-12000, har ma ya wuce awanni 5000 a wasu yanayi masu nauyi.

Bushings da fil na sarƙoƙin bushing suna lalacewa da sauri, kuma tsawon lokacin hidimarsu yawanci ya fi na sarƙoƙin nadi 30%-40%. Sassan raga na faranti na sarƙoƙi da fil na sarƙoƙi marasa sauti suna da saurin lalacewa ga gajiya, kuma zagayowar maye gurbinsu kusan kashi 60%-70% na sarƙoƙin nadi. Kwatanta Sauƙin Sauyawa: Sarƙoƙin nadi suna amfani da ƙira mai sassauƙa, tare da hanyoyin haɗi daban-daban masu cirewa da kuma masu haɗawa. Kulawa yana buƙatar maye gurbin hanyoyin haɗi da suka lalace ko sassan da suka ji rauni kawai, yana kawar da buƙatar maye gurbin cikakken sarƙoƙi. Kudin maye gurbin kowace hanyar haɗi kusan kashi 5%-10% na dukkan sarƙoƙin. Sarƙoƙin shiru da wasu sarƙoƙin bushing masu inganci tsari ne na haɗe-haɗe. Idan lalacewa ta gida ta faru, dole ne a maye gurbin dukkan sarƙoƙin, wanda ke ƙara farashin maye gurbin zuwa sau 2-3 na sarƙoƙin nadi. Bugu da ƙari, sarƙoƙin nadi suna da ƙirar haɗin gwiwa na duniya, wanda ke tabbatar da babban amfani. Ana iya samun sassa masu rauni da sauri kuma a daidaita su, yana kawar da buƙatar keɓancewa da kuma rage farashin jira.

Kammalawa Mai Muhimmanci: Sarkokin da aka yi amfani da su wajen yin amfani da su suna ba da tsawon rai na lalacewa da kuma zaɓuɓɓukan maye gurbin da suka fi sassauƙa, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙarancin farashin maye gurbin kai tsaye idan aka kwatanta da yawancin sauran tsarin sarrafa sarkar.

3. Kudin Aiki da Kayan Aiki: Sarkunan nadi suna da ƙananan shingen kulawa da inganci mai yawa. Sauƙin kulawa kai tsaye yana ƙayyade farashin aiki da kayan aiki: Sarkunan nadi: Tsarin tsari mai sauƙi; shigarwa da wargazawa ba sa buƙatar ƙwararrun ma'aikata. Ma'aikatan kula da kayan aiki na yau da kullun za su iya sarrafa su bayan horo na asali. Kayan aikin kulawa suna buƙatar kayan aiki na yau da kullun kawai kamar su pliers na wargaza sarkar da makullan tashin hankali (jimillar farashin saitin kayan aiki shine kimanin 300-800 RMB), kuma lokacin gyarawa na zaman ɗaya shine kimanin awanni 0.5-2 (an daidaita shi gwargwadon girman kayan aiki).

Sauran hanyoyin sarrafa sarka: Shigar da sarka mai shiru yana buƙatar tsauraran matakan daidaita daidaiton raga, wanda ke buƙatar aiki daga ƙwararrun ma'aikata (kuɗin aiki ya fi na ma'aikatan kulawa gabaɗaya da kashi 50%-80%), da kuma amfani da kayan aikin daidaitawa na musamman (sashi na kayan aiki yana kashe kimanin RMB 2000-5000). Rage sarka mai hannu yana buƙatar wargaza gidajen bearing da sauran kayan aiki masu taimako, tare da zaman gyara sau ɗaya yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 1.5-4, wanda ke haifar da tsadar aiki sosai fiye da sarka mai nadi.

Babban ƙarshe: Kula da sarkar roller yana da ƙarancin shinge ga shiga, yana buƙatar ƙarancin saka hannun jari a kayan aiki, kuma yana da sauri, tare da kuɗin aiki da kayan aiki kawai 30%-60% na waɗannan don wasu manyan injinan sarkar.

4. Kudaden Rage Lokacin Aiki: "Saurin Sauri" na Kula da Sarkar Roller Chain yana Rage Katsewar Samarwa

Ga ayyukan samar da kayayyaki na masana'antu da ayyukan noma, lokacin hutu na awa ɗaya na iya haifar da asarar dubban yuan ko ma dubban yuan. Lokacin kulawa kai tsaye yana ƙayyade girman asarar lokacin hutu:

Sarkokin Na'urorin Rage Motsa Jiki: Saboda sauƙin gyara su da kuma saurin maye gurbinsu, ana iya yin gyaran da aka saba yi (kamar shafawa da duba su) a lokacin da kayan aiki ke tsayawa, wanda hakan ke kawar da buƙatar tsawaita lokacin aiki. Ko da lokacin maye gurbin sassan da aka saka, lokacin aiki sau ɗaya ba ya wuce awanni 2, wanda hakan ke rage tasirin da ke tattare da tsarin samarwa.

Sauran Motocin Sarka: Kulawa da maye gurbin sarka mai shiru suna buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitawa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar lokacin aiki kusan sau 2-3 na sarka mai nadi. Ga sarka mai hannu, idan aka haɗa da wargaza gine-ginen taimako, lokacin aiki na iya kaiwa awanni 4-6. Musamman ga masana'antu masu ci gaba da samarwa (kamar layukan haɗawa da kayan aikin samar da kayan gini), yawan lokacin aiki na iya haifar da jinkiri mai yawa na oda da asarar ƙarfin aiki.

Kammalawa Mai Muhimmanci: Sarkunan roller suna ba da ingantaccen kulawa da ɗan gajeren lokacin aiki, wanda ke haifar da asarar lokacin aiki kai tsaye ƙasa da sauran tsarin tuƙi na sarka.

III. Nazarin Shari'a game da Bambancin Farashi a Yanayin Aikace-aikacen Duniya ta Gaske

Shari'a ta 1: Tsarin Tuƙin Layin Haɗa Masana'antu
Tsarin tuƙi na masana'antar haɗa sassan mota yana amfani da sarƙoƙi masu naɗewa (misalin ANSI 16A) da sarƙoƙi marasa sauti. Yanayin aiki shine: awanni 16 a rana, kimanin awanni 5000 a shekara.

Sarkar Naɗi: Kuɗin shafawa na shekara-shekara kusan RMB 800; maye gurbin hanyoyin haɗin sarka masu rauni a kowace shekara 2 (kuɗin kimanin RMB 1200); kuɗin aikin gyara na shekara-shekara kusan RMB 1000; asarar lokacin hutu ba ta da yawa; jimillar kuɗin kulawa na shekara-shekara kusan RMB 2000.

Sarkar Shiru: Kuɗin shafawa na shekara-shekara kusan RMB 2400; maye gurbin dukkan sarkar a kowace shekara (kuɗin kimanin RMB 4500); kuɗin aikin gyara na shekara-shekara kusan RMB 2500; rufewa biyu na gyara (awanni 3 kowanne, asarar lokacin hutu kusan RMB 6000); jimillar kuɗin gyaran shekara-shekara kusan RMB 14900.

Shari'a ta 2: Tsarin Motar Tankin Noma
Injin tarakta na gona yana amfani da sarƙoƙin naɗawa (DIN 8187 standard) da sarƙoƙin bushing. Yanayin aiki yana da yanayi, tare da kimanin sa'o'i 1500 na aiki a kowace shekara.

Sarkar na'ura: Kuɗin shafawa na shekara-shekara kusan RMB 300, maye gurbin sarka duk bayan shekaru 3 (kuɗin yana kimanin RMB 1800), kuɗin aikin gyara na shekara-shekara kusan RMB 500, jimillar kuɗin gyara na shekara-shekara kusan RMB 1100;
Sarkar kwan fitila: Man shafawa na shekara-shekara yana kashe kimanin RMB 450, maye gurbin sarka a kowace shekara 1.5 (kudinsa ya kai kimanin RMB 2200), aikin gyara na shekara-shekara yana kashe kimanin RMB 800, jimillar kuɗin gyara na shekara-shekara yana kashe kimanin RMB 2400.

Kamar yadda wannan lamari ya nuna, ko aikace-aikacen masana'antu ne ko na noma, jimlar kuɗin kulawa na dogon lokaci na sarƙoƙi masu juyawa ya yi ƙasa sosai fiye da sauran tsarin tuƙin sarƙoƙi. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da yanayin aikace-aikacen ya fi rikitarwa kuma tsawon lokacin aiki, fa'idar farashi ta fi bayyana.

IV. Shawarwari Kan Ingantawa Gabaɗaya: Dabaru Masu Muhimmanci Don Rage Kuɗaɗen Kula da Sarkar Mota

Ko da kuwa tsarin da aka zaɓa na sarrafa sarkar, kula da kula da kimiyya na iya ƙara rage jimlar kuɗin mallakar. Shawarwari uku na gaba ɗaya suna da mahimmanci a lura:
Zaɓin Daidai, Daidaita Yanayin Aiki: Dangane da yanayin aiki kamar kaya, gudu, zafin jiki, da ƙura, zaɓi samfuran sarkar da suka cika ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya (misali, DIN, ANSI). Sarƙoƙi masu inganci suna da ingantattun kayayyaki da hanyoyin kera kayayyaki, da tsawon rai don sassa masu lalacewa, wanda ke rage yawan kulawa tun daga farko.
Man shafawa mai daidaito, Cika shi yadda ake buƙata: Guji "mai da yawa" ko "mai da ƙarancin man shafawa." Kafa zagayowar man shafawa bisa ga nau'in sarka da yanayin aiki (ana ba da shawarar a shafa man shafawa a kan sarƙoƙi na birgima a kowace sa'a 500-1000). Zaɓi man shafawa mai dacewa kuma tabbatar da tsaftace sarƙoƙi yadda ya kamata don hana ƙura da datti daga hanzarta lalacewa.
Dubawa akai-akai, Rigakafi shine Mabuɗi: Duba tashin hankali da lalacewa (misali, lalacewar diamita na nadi, tsawaita haɗin) kowane wata. Daidaita ko maye gurbin sassan lalacewa da sauri don hana ƙananan lahani su zama manyan matsaloli da kuma rage asarar lokacin hutu.

V. Kammalawa: Daga mahangar farashin gyara, sarƙoƙin naɗawa suna da fa'idodi masu yawa. Kudin gyaran sarƙoƙi ba batu ne da aka keɓe ba, amma yana da alaƙa sosai da ingancin samfura, daidaitawar yanayin aiki, da kuma kula da kulawa. Ta hanyar kwatantawa da aka tsara da kuma nazarin yanayi, a bayyane yake cewa sarƙoƙin naɗawa, tare da manyan fa'idodin "abin da ake amfani da shi a duniya da tattalin arziki, tsawon lokacin da sassan sawa ke ɗauka, kulawa mai dacewa da inganci, da ƙarancin asarar lokacin aiki," sun fi sauran tsarin tuƙin sarƙoƙi kyau kamar sarƙoƙin hannu da sarƙoƙi marasa motsi dangane da farashin gyara na dogon lokaci.