Gabatarwa ga hanyoyin magance zafi na yau da kullun don sarƙoƙi

Gabatarwa ga hanyoyin magance zafi na yau da kullun don sarƙoƙi
A cikin tsarin kera sarkar sarkar, tsarin maganin zafi muhimmin haɗi ne don inganta aikin sarkar. Ta hanyar maganin zafi, ƙarfi, juriya ga lalacewa da tsawon lokacin gajiya na sarkar za a iya inganta shi sosai don biyan buƙatun yanayi daban-daban na aikace-aikace. Wannan labarin zai gabatar da cikakkun bayanai game da hanyoyin magance zafi na gama gari donsarƙoƙi, gami da kashewa, tempering, carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding da sauran hanyoyin

1. Bayani kan tsarin maganin zafi
Maganin zafi tsari ne da ke canza tsarin kayan ƙarfe ta hanyar dumamawa, rufi da sanyaya don samun aikin da ake buƙata. Ga sarƙoƙi, maganin zafi zai iya inganta halayen injinan su kuma ya sa su yi aiki daidai a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai rikitarwa.

2. Tsarin kashe wuta
Kashewa yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su a fannin maganin zafi na sarka. Manufar ita ce a inganta tauri da ƙarfin sarkar ta hanyar sanyaya da sauri. Ga wasu matakai na musamman na tsarin kashewa:
1. Dumamawa
Zafafa sarkar zuwa yanayin zafi mai dacewa, yawanci yanayin zafin da ke kashe kayan. Misali, ga sarƙoƙin ƙarfe na carbon, yanayin zafin kashewa gabaɗaya yana kusa da 850℃.
2. Rufe fuska
Bayan kai yanayin zafin da za a kashe, a kula da wani lokaci na kariya don daidaita yanayin zafin ciki na sarkar. Yawancin lokaci ana ƙayyade lokacin kariya bisa ga girman da kayan sarkar.
3. Kashewa
Ana nutsar da sarkar cikin sauri a cikin wani abu mai kashe wuta kamar ruwan sanyi, mai ko ruwan gishiri. Zaɓin kayan kashe wuta ya dogara da kayan aiki da buƙatun aiki na sarkar. Misali, ga sarƙoƙin ƙarfe masu yawan carbon, yawanci ana amfani da na'urar kashe mai don rage lalacewa.
4. Mai kwantar da hankali
Sarkar da aka kashe za ta haifar da ƙarin damuwa a ciki, don haka ana buƙatar maganin rage zafi. Tsarin rage zafi shine a dumama sarkar da aka kashe zuwa yanayin zafi da ya dace (yawanci ƙasa da Ac1), a ajiye ta a ɗumi na wani lokaci, sannan a sanyaya ta. Tsarin rage zafi na iya rage damuwa a ciki da kuma ƙara taurin sarkar.

III. Tsarin rage zafi
Tsarin rage zafi wani tsari ne na ƙarin aiki bayan an kashe shi. Babban manufarsa ita ce kawar da damuwa ta ciki, daidaita tauri da inganta aikin sarrafawa. Dangane da yanayin zafin jiki, ana iya raba tsarin rage zafi zuwa yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi (150℃-250℃), yanayin zafi mai matsakaicin zafi (350℃-500℃) da yanayin zafi mai zafi (sama da 500℃). Misali, ga sarƙoƙi waɗanda ke buƙatar tauri mai yawa, yawanci ana amfani da tsarin rage zafi mai matsakaicin zafi.

IV. Tsarin yin amfani da kayan karafa
Carburizing tsari ne na taurare saman, wanda galibi ake amfani da shi don inganta tauri da juriyar lalacewa na saman sarkar. Tsarin carburizing ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:

1. Dumamawa
Zafafa sarkar zuwa zafin carburising, yawanci 900℃-950℃.

2. Yin amfani da Carburizing
Sanya sarkar a cikin wani abu mai kama da sinadarin carbon, kamar sodium cyanide solution ko carburizing space, ta yadda ƙwayoyin carbon za su bazu zuwa saman da kuma cikin sarkar.

3. Kashewa
Ana buƙatar a kashe sarkar carburized don ƙarfafa layin carburized da kuma ƙara tauri.

4. Mai kwantar da hankali
Ana rage sarkar da aka kashe don kawar da damuwa ta ciki da kuma daidaita taurin.

5. Tsarin nitriding
Nitriding tsari ne na taurare saman da ke inganta tauri da juriyar lalacewa na sarkar ta hanyar samar da wani Layer na nitride a saman sarkar. Yawanci ana gudanar da tsarin nitriding ne a zafin jiki na 500℃-600℃, kuma ana ƙayyade lokacin nitriding bisa ga girma da buƙatun aiki na sarkar.

6. Tsarin Carbonitriding
Carbonitriding tsari ne da ya haɗu da fa'idodin carburizing da nitriding, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi don inganta tauri da juriyar lalacewa na saman sarkar. Tsarin carbonitriding ya haɗa da dumama, nitriding, quenching da tempering.

7. Tsarin kashe saman
Ana amfani da kashe saman ne musamman don inganta tauri da juriyar lalacewa na saman sarkar yayin da ake kiyaye tauri a ciki. Ana iya raba kashe saman zuwa kashe saman dumama, kashe harshen wuta da kuma kashe saman dumama ta hanyar lantarki bisa ga hanyoyin dumama daban-daban.
1. Kashe saman dumama mai shigowa
Kashe saman dumama ta hanyar amfani da ƙa'idar shigar da wutar lantarki don dumama saman sarkar da sauri zuwa zafin kashewa sannan a sanyaya shi da sauri. Wannan hanyar tana da fa'idodi na saurin dumamawa da zurfin layin kashewa mai sarrafawa.
2. Kashe saman Dumama na Wuta
Kashe saman wuta shine amfani da harshen wuta don dumama saman sarkar sannan a kashe ta. Wannan hanyar ta dace da manyan sarkoki ko kashewar gida.

VIII. Maganin Tsufa
Maganin tsufa tsari ne da ke inganta halayen kayan ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi na halitta ko na wucin gadi. Maganin tsufa na halitta shine a sanya kayan aikin a zafin ɗaki na dogon lokaci, yayin da maganin tsufa na wucin gadi ake cimma shi ta hanyar dumama shi zuwa mafi girman zafin jiki da kuma sanya shi dumi na ɗan gajeren lokaci.

IX. Zaɓin tsarin maganin zafi
Zaɓin tsarin maganin zafi mai dacewa yana buƙatar cikakken la'akari da kayan aiki, yanayin amfani da su da buƙatun aiki na sarkar. Misali, ga sarƙoƙi masu ɗaukar kaya da juriya ga lalacewa, hanyoyin kashewa da rage zafi su ne zaɓuɓɓuka gama gari; yayin da ga sarƙoƙi waɗanda ke buƙatar tauri mai yawa a saman, hanyoyin yin amfani da carburetion ko carbonitriding sun fi dacewa.
X. Sarrafa tsarin maganin zafi
Kula da ingancin tsarin maganin zafi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. A zahiri, ana buƙatar a kula da sigogi kamar zafin dumama, lokacin riƙewa da saurin sanyaya don tabbatar da daidaito da amincin tasirin maganin zafi.

Kammalawa
Ta hanyar tsarin maganin zafi da ke sama, ana iya inganta aikin sarkar sosai don biyan buƙatun yanayi daban-daban na aikace-aikace. Lokacin zabar sarƙoƙi, masu siyan kayayyaki na ƙasashen waje ya kamata su fahimci tsarin maganin zafi na sarƙoƙi bisa ga takamaiman yanayin aikace-aikacen da buƙatun aiki don tabbatar da cewa samfuran da aka saya za su iya biyan buƙatun amfaninsu.