Maganin zafi na sarƙoƙi na nadi: fasaha, tsari da aikace-aikace

Maganin zafi na sarƙoƙi na nadi: fasaha, tsari da aikace-aikace

Gabatarwa
A matsayin wani muhimmin sashi da ake amfani da shi sosai a fannin watsawa ta injina, aikin sarƙoƙin nadi kai tsaye yana shafar ingancin aiki da amincin kayan aikin injiniya. Maganin zafi muhimmin haɗi ne a cikin tsarin kera sarƙoƙin nadi. Ta hanyar sarrafa tsarin dumama da sanyaya daidai, ƙarfi, tauri, juriyar lalacewa da tsawon lokacin gajiya na sarƙoƙin nadi za a iya inganta su sosai. Wannan labarin zai bincika fasahar maganin zafi na sarƙoƙin nadi a cikin zurfi, gami da hanyoyin magance zafi na gama gari, inganta sigogin tsari, zaɓin kayan aiki da kula da inganci, da nufin samar wa masu siye na jimilla na ƙasashen duniya cikakkun bayanai na fasaha don taimaka musu su fahimci tsarin maganin zafi na sarƙoƙin nadi da kuma yanke shawara mai zurfi game da siye.

Tsarin maganin zafi na sarƙoƙi na nadi
Akwai hanyoyin magance zafi da yawa ga sarƙoƙin nadi, kowannensu yana da halaye na musamman da kuma yanayi masu dacewa. Ga wasu hanyoyin magance zafi da aka saba amfani da su:
Tsarin kashe wuta
Kashewa tsari ne da aka saba amfani da shi wajen inganta tauri da ƙarfin sarƙoƙin nadi. Matakan da aka tanada sune kamar haka:
Dumamawa: Zafafa sarkar nadi zuwa yanayin zafi mai dacewa, yawanci tsakanin 800-850℃.
Rufewa: Bayan kai yanayin zafin da za a kashe, a ajiye shi na wani lokaci domin zafin ciki na sarkar ya yi daidai da na sauran.
Kashewa: Ana nutsar da sarkar cikin sauri a cikin ruwan sanyi, kamar ruwan sanyi, mai ko ruwan gishiri. A lokacin saurin sanyaya, kyallen da ta taurare za su fito a saman da kuma cikin sarkar.
Tsaftacewa: Domin rage matsin lamba na ciki da ake samu yayin aikin kashewa da kuma ƙara taurin sarkar, yawanci ana yin maganin rage zafi.

Tsarin taurarewa
Tsarin taurarewa yana inganta tauri da juriyar lalacewa ta hanyar inganta tsarin ciki na sarkar nadi. Matakan takamaiman sune kamar haka:
Dumamawa: Zafafa sarkar zuwa zafin da zai taurare don narkewa da kuma yaɗa carbon, nitrogen da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin sarkar.
Rufin Rufi: Bayan kai yanayin zafin da ke taurare, a ajiye wani lokaci na rufewa domin abubuwan su bazu ko'ina su kuma samar da mafita mai ƙarfi.
Sanyaya: Sanyaya sarkar da sauri, maganin zai samar da tsari mai kyau na hatsi, inganta taurin kai da juriyar lalacewa.

Tsarin Carbonitriding
Carbonitriding tsari ne na inganta taurin saman da juriyar sarƙoƙin nadi, wanda galibi ake amfani da shi don kayan aiki na musamman kamar sarƙoƙin bakin ƙarfe. Matakan takamaiman sune kamar haka:
Dumamawa: Zafafa sarkar da tushen carbon da nitrogen zuwa zafin da ke haɗa carburizing sannan a ajiye ta na ɗan lokaci. Carbon da nitrogen da ke saman sarkar za su bazu zuwa ciki don samar da layin carburizing.
Kashewa: Sarkar bayan an samar da layin carburising tana nutsewa cikin sauri a cikin yanayin kashewa sannan ta huce da sauri don ƙarfafa layin carburising da kuma ƙara tauri.
Tsaftacewa: Domin rage matsin lamba na ciki da ake samu yayin aikin kashewa da kuma ƙara taurin sarkar, yawanci ana yin maganin rage zafi.

Tsarin sarrafa carburizing na ruwa
Ruwan carburizing wani tsari ne na inganta taurin saman da juriyar sarkar nadi, wanda yawanci ya dace da sarkar ƙarfe mai carbon. Matakan takamaiman sune kamar haka:
Dumamawa: Zafafa sarkar zuwa zafin jiki na ruwa mai ɗauke da sinadarin carburi, sannan a ƙayyade takamaiman zafin jiki bisa ga kayan aiki da buƙatun sarkar.
Carburizing: A nutsar da sarkar a cikin wani abu mai kama da sinadarin carbonizing, kamar sodium cyanide, sannan a bar ta ta zama carburizing na wani lokaci.
Kashewa: Ana nutsar da sarkar carburized cikin sauri a cikin yanayin kashewa sannan a sanyaya da sauri don ƙarfafa layin carburized da kuma ƙara tauri.
Tsaftacewa: Domin rage matsin lamba na ciki da ake samu yayin aikin kashewa da kuma ƙara taurin sarkar, yawanci ana yin maganin rage zafi.

Inganta sigogin tsarin maganin zafi
Inganta sigogin tsarin sarrafa zafi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don tabbatar da aikin sarƙoƙin naɗawa. Ga wasu muhimman sigogi da hanyoyin inganta su:
Kashe zafin jiki da lokaci
Yawancin lokaci ana sarrafa zafin kashewa tsakanin 800-850℃, kuma ana buƙatar daidaita takamaiman zafin bisa ga kayan sarkar da buƙatun sarrafawa. Lokacin riƙewa gabaɗaya shine mintuna 30-60 don tabbatar da daidaiton zafin jiki a cikin sarkar.
Matsakaici na zaɓin matsakaici
Zaɓin na'urar kashe wuta ya dogara ne da kayan aiki da buƙatun aiki na sarkar. Ruwan sanyi yana da saurin sanyaya da sauri kuma ya dace da sarƙoƙi masu buƙatar tauri mai yawa; mai yana da saurin sanyaya a hankali kuma ya dace da sarƙoƙi masu buƙatar tauri.
Zafin jiki da lokaci
Zafin zafin jiki gabaɗaya yana tsakanin 200-300℃, kuma lokacin riƙewa yawanci shine awanni 1-2. Zaɓin zafin jiki da lokaci yana buƙatar daidaitawa bisa ga buƙatun amfani na ƙarshe na sarkar don cimma daidaito mafi kyau tsakanin tauri da tauri.

Zaɓin kayan aikin maganin zafi
Zaɓar kayan aikin gyaran zafi da suka dace yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen inganta ingancin samarwa da ingancin samfura. Kayan aikin gyaran zafi da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da:
Kayan aiki na kashe wuta
Murhun murhu mai haske: ya dace da sarƙoƙi masu nadi tare da buƙatun ingancin saman.
Mai juyawa: ya dace da samar da kayayyaki masu yawa, zai iya tabbatar da daidaiton tsarin kashewa.
Kayan aikin gyaran ƙarfe
Tanderun bel ɗin raga: ya dace da ci gaba da samarwa, yana iya sarrafa lokacin da zafin jiki na carburetion daidai.
Kayan aiki na wucin gadi
Tanderu mai amfani da zafi mai yawa: zai iya yin maganin kashewa da kuma maganin tempering a lokaci guda don inganta yadda ake samar da shi.
Sarrafa inganci da gwaji
Sarkar nadi bayan an yi amfani da zafi tana buƙatar cikakken iko da gwaji don tabbatar da cewa aikinta ya cika buƙatun ƙira. Hanyoyin gwaji da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da:
Gwajin tauri
Gwajin tauri hanya ce mai mahimmanci don tantance tasirin maganin zafi na sarƙoƙin nadi. Ana amfani da na'urar gwada tauri ta Rockwell ko na'urar gwajin tauri ta Vickers don gwada tauri a saman sarkar da kuma tauri a tsakiyar sarkar.