Nazarin Shari'a: Ingantaccen Dorewa na Sarkokin Na'urorin Babura
Babursarƙoƙi na nadisu ne "jigon rayuwa" na motar tuƙi, kuma dorewarsu kai tsaye tana ƙayyade ƙwarewar hawa da aminci. Farawa akai-akai da tsayawa a lokacin tafiye-tafiye na birane suna hanzarta lalacewar sarka, yayin da tasirin laka da yashi a kan ƙasa a kan hanya na iya haifar da gazawar sarka da wuri. Sarkokin naɗa na gargajiya gabaɗaya suna fuskantar matsalar buƙatar maye gurbinsu bayan kilomita 5,000 kacal. Bullead, tare da shekaru na gwaninta a fagen motar tuƙi, yana mai da hankali kan "magance buƙatun dorewar mahaya a duk duniya." Ta hanyar haɓaka fasaha mai girma uku a cikin kayan aiki, tsari, da matakai, sun cimma babban ci gaba a cikin dorewar sarkokin naɗa babur. Nazarin shari'a mai zuwa ya bayyana dabaru da tasirin amfani da wannan aiwatar da fasaha.
I. Haɓaka Kayan Aiki: Gina Tushe Mai Kyau Don Juriyar Lalacewa da Tasiri
Tushen dorewa yana farawa ne da kayan aiki. Sarkunan naɗa babur na gargajiya galibi suna amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon tare da ƙarancin tauri a saman (HRC35-40), wanda ke sa su zama masu saurin lalacewa a cikin farantin sarka da lalacewar fil a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai yawa. Don magance wannan matsalar, Bullead ya fara ƙirƙira daga tushen kayan:
1. Zaɓin Karfe Mai Tsabta Mai Kyau
Ana amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mai yawan carbon chromium-molybdenum (wanda ke maye gurbin ƙarfe na gargajiya mai ƙarancin carbon). Wannan kayan yana ɗauke da kashi 0.8%-1.0% na carbon kuma ya ƙara chromium da molybdenum don inganta tsarin ƙarfe - chromium yana inganta juriyar lalacewa a saman, kuma molybdenum yana haɓaka ƙarfin tsakiya, yana hana sarkar karyewa saboda "tauri da karyewa." Misali, sarkar na'urar busar babur ta Bullead ANSI 12A ta amfani da wannan kayan don faranti da fil ɗin sarkar, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar ƙarfi da kashi 30% idan aka kwatanta da sarƙoƙin gargajiya.
2. Aiwatar da Fasahar Gyaran Zafi Mai Daidaito
An yi amfani da tsarin haɗakar carburizing da quenching + low-zazzabi temperature: an sanya sassan sarkar a cikin tanderun carburizing mai zafi na 920℃, wanda ke ba da damar ƙwayoyin carbon su shiga cikin saman Layer na 2-3mm, sannan a bi shi da 850℃ quenching da 200℃ low-zazzabi tempering, a ƙarshe cimma daidaiton aiki na "surface mai tauri da core mai tauri" - taurin saman farantin sarkar ya kai HRC58-62 (mai jure lalacewa da karce), yayin da taurin zuciyar ya kasance a HRC30-35 (mai jure tasiri da rashin nakasa). Tabbatarwa mai amfani: A yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya na wurare masu zafi (matsakaicin zafin rana na 35℃+, tsayawa akai-akai), matsakaicin rayuwar sabis na babura masu hawa 250cc waɗanda ke sanye da wannan sarkar ya ƙaru daga kilomita 5000 ga sarƙoƙi na gargajiya zuwa sama da kilomita 8000, ba tare da wata matsala mai mahimmanci ta faranti na sarƙoƙi ba.
II. Ƙirƙirar Tsarin Gine-gine: Magance Manyan Matsaloli Biyu Na Asara Na "Gurgujewa Da Zubar Da Jini"
Kashi 70% na gazawar sarkar nadi sun samo asali ne daga gogayya busasshiyar gogayya da "rashin man shafawa" da "kutsewar kazanta" ke haifarwa. Bullead yana rage waɗannan nau'ikan asara guda biyu ta hanyar inganta tsarin:
1. Tsarin Hana Zubar da Zubewa Mai Hana Hakora Biyu
Bayan ya yi watsi da hatimin O-ring guda ɗaya na gargajiya, ya rungumi tsarin hatimin O-ring + X-ring composite: O-ring yana ba da hatimin asali, yana hana manyan barbashi na laka da yashi shiga; zoben X (tare da sashe mai siffar "X") yana ƙara dacewa da fil da faranti na sarka ta hanyar lebe biyu, yana rage asarar mai saboda girgiza. A lokaci guda, an tsara "raƙuman beveled" a ƙarshen hannun riga biyu, wanda hakan ya sa hatimin ya zama ba zai iya faɗuwa ba bayan an saka shi, wanda hakan ya inganta tasirin hatimin da kashi 60% idan aka kwatanta da tsarin gargajiya. Yanayin gwaji na gaske: Hawan ƙasa a cikin Alps na Turai (40% hanyoyin tsakuwa), sarƙoƙi na gargajiya sun nuna asarar mai da toshewar nadi bayan kilomita 100; yayin da sarƙar Bullead, bayan kilomita 500, har yanzu tana riƙe da man shafawa sama da kashi 70% a cikin hannun riga, ba tare da wani kutse mai mahimmanci na yashi ba.
2. Ma'ajiyar Mai Mai Siffa Mai Kauri + Tsarin Tashar Man Fetur Mai Ƙarami: An yi wahayi zuwa gare ta da ƙa'idodin man shafawa na dogon lokaci a fagen watsawa, Bullead ya haɗa da ma'ajiyar mai mai siffar silinda (girman 0.5ml) a cikin fil ɗin, tare da ƙananan tashoshi guda uku masu diamita 0.3mm waɗanda aka haƙa a bangon fil ɗin, suna haɗa ma'ajiyar zuwa saman gogayya na bangon hannun riga. A lokacin haɗuwa, ana allurar man shafawa mai zafi mai yawa, mai ɗorewa (zafin zafin jiki -20℃ zuwa 120℃). Ƙarfin centrifugal da aka samar ta hanyar juyawar sarkar yayin hawa yana tura man a kan tashoshin ƙananan man, yana ci gaba da cike saman gogayya da kuma magance matsalar "rashin nasarar man shafawa bayan kilomita 300 tare da sarƙoƙin gargajiya." Kwatanta bayanai: A cikin gwaje-gwajen hawa mai sauri (80-100km/h), sarƙoƙin Bullead ya sami ingantaccen zagayen man shafawa na kilomita 1200, sau uku fiye da sarƙoƙin gargajiya, tare da raguwar lalacewa da kashi 45% tsakanin fil da hannun riga.
III. Daidaitawar Masana'antu + Daidaita Yanayin Aiki: Yin Dorewa Gaskiya Ga Yanayi Mabanbanta
Dorewa ba alama ce ta girma ɗaya da ta dace da kowa ba; yana buƙatar daidaitawa da buƙatun yanayi daban-daban na hawa. Bullead yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin sarkar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na aiki ta hanyar "ƙirƙirar daidaito don babban daidaito + ingantawa bisa ga yanayi":
1. Taro Mai Aiki Ta Garanti Kan Daidaiton Meshing
Ta amfani da layin haɗa sarka mai sarrafa kansa na CNC, ana sa ido kan matakin haɗin sarka, zagayen naɗi, da haɗin fil a ainihin lokaci: ana sarrafa kuskuren jifa a cikin ±0.05mm (ma'aunin masana'antu shine ±0.1mm), kuma kuskuren zagayen naɗi shine ≤0.02mm. Wannan madaidaicin iko yana tabbatar da "babu kaya a tsakiya" lokacin da sarkar ta haɗu da sprocket - yana guje wa lalacewa mai yawa a gefe ɗaya na farantin sarka sakamakon karkacewar raga a cikin sarƙoƙi na gargajiya, wanda ke tsawaita tsawon rai da kashi 20%.
2. Juyawar Samfura Dangane da Yanayi
Don magance buƙatun hawa daban-daban, Bulllead ta ƙaddamar da manyan samfura guda biyu:
* **Samfurin Tafiya a Birni (misali, 42BBH):** Girman na'urar da aka inganta (an ƙara daga 11.91mm zuwa 12.7mm), ƙara yankin hulɗa da sprocket, rage kaya a kowane yanki, daidaitawa da yanayin birane akai-akai, da tsawaita tsawon rai da 15% idan aka kwatanta da samfurin asali;
* **Samfurin Ban-Titi:** Faranti masu kauri (kauri ya ƙaru daga 2.5mm zuwa 3.2mm), tare da sauye-sauye masu zagaye a muhimman wuraren damuwa (rage yawan damuwa), cimma ƙarfin taurin kai na 22kN (ma'aunin masana'antu 18kN), mai iya jure wa nauyin tasiri a hawan da ba a kan hanya ba (kamar farawa mai tsayi da saukowa daga gangaren hawa mai tsayi). A gwajin hamada na Australiya, bayan kilomita 2000 na hawan mai ƙarfi, sarkar ta nuna tsayin da ba a kan hanya ba na 1.2% kawai (matsayin maye gurbin shine 2.5%), ba tare da buƙatar gyara tsakiyar tafiya ba.
IV. Gwaji na Gaskiya: An Gwada Dorewa a Yanayi na Duniya
Dole ne a tabbatar da ingantattun fasahohi a aikace-aikacen duniya ta zahiri. Bullead, tare da haɗin gwiwar dillalai a duk duniya, sun gudanar da gwajin filin wasa na watanni 12 wanda ya shafi yanayi daban-daban da yanayin hanya: Yanayi Mai Zafi da Danshi na Yanayi (Bangkok, Thailand): Babura 10 masu hawa 150cc, tare da matsakaicin tafiya a kowace rana na kilomita 50, sun cimma matsakaicin tsawon sarkar kilomita 10,200 ba tare da tsatsa ko karyewa ba. Yanayi Mai Sanyi da Ƙananan Zafi (Moscow, Rasha): Babura 5 masu hawa 400cc, waɗanda ake hawa a cikin yanayi daga -15°C zuwa 5°C, ba su nuna cunkoson sarkar ba saboda amfani da man shafawa mai ƙarancin daskarewa (ba ya daskarewa a -30°C), wanda ya kai tsawon tsawon sarkar kilomita 8,500. Yanayi a Kan Titin Dutse (Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu): Babura 3 masu girman 650cc a kan titin, waɗanda suka tara kilomita 3,000 na hawa kan titin tsakuwa, sun kiyaye kashi 92% na ƙarfin sarkar su ta farko, tare da lalacewar nadi na 0.15mm kawai (ma'aunin masana'antu 0.3mm).
Kammalawa: Dorewa a zahiri "haɓaka darajar mai amfani ne." Ci gaban da Bullead ya samu a cikin dorewar sarkar na'urar babur ba wai kawai batun tara fasahohi guda ɗaya ba ne, amma a maimakon haka cikakken haɓakawa ne "daga kayan aiki zuwa yanayi" - wanda ke magance muhimman batutuwan "sauƙin lalacewa da zubewa" ta hanyar kayan aiki da tsari, yayin da yake tabbatar da aikace-aikacen fasahar ta hanyar kera daidai da daidaitawa da yanayin aiki. Ga masu hawa a duk duniya, tsawon rai (matsakaicin ƙaruwa na sama da 50%) yana nufin ƙarancin farashin maye gurbin da lokacin aiki, yayin da ingantaccen aiki yana rage haɗarin aminci yayin hawa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-26-2025