Tsarin sarrafa sarkar nadi

Sarkar na'urar juyawa wani bangare ne na watsawa da ake amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu. Aikinsa ya dogara ne da tsarin kera shi, kuma tsarin yin amfani da na'urar daukar kaya shine mabuɗin inganta aikin sarkar na'urar juyawa.

Tsarin sarrafa carburetion na sarkar na'ura: mabuɗin inganta aiki
Sarkar na'urar hawa tana ɗaukar muhimmin aiki na watsawa a cikin kayan aikin injiniya daban-daban. Yanayin aikinta sau da yawa yana da rikitarwa kuma ana iya canzawa, yana fuskantar ƙalubale kamar ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi, lalacewa da gajiya. Domin baiwa sarƙoƙin na'urar hawa damar daidaitawa da waɗannan yanayi masu wahala da kuma tsawaita rayuwarsu, tsarin samar da na'urorin hawa ya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na tsarin kera sarƙoƙin na'urar hawa.

Ka'idojin asali na tsarin carburetion
Carburizing wani tsari ne na maganin zafi wanda galibi ake amfani da shi don inganta tauri, juriyar lalacewa da juriyar gajiya na saman ƙarfe yayin da ake kiyaye tauri mai kyau da kuma ƙarfin ƙwanƙwasa na tsakiya. Musamman ma, ana sanya sarkar naɗa a cikin matsakaici mai wadataccen carbon, kuma ana shigar da ƙwayoyin carbon a cikin saman sarkar naɗa a zafin jiki mai yawa don samar da Layer mai ɗauke da carbon mai yawa. Yayin da zafin jiki ke raguwa, wannan Layer na austenite mai ɗauke da carbon mai yawa zai canza zuwa martensite mai tauri sosai, ta haka ne zai cimma tauri na saman sarkar naɗa.

Hanyoyin aiwatar da tsarin sarrafa sarkar nadi na yau da kullun
Gas Carburizing: Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su wajen samar da carburizing. Ana sanya sarkar naɗawa a cikin tanda mai rufewa sannan a shigar da wani abu mai kama da carbonizing wanda ya ƙunshi iskar hydrocarbon kamar methane da ethane. A yanayin zafi mai yawa, waɗannan iskar gas suna ruɓewa don samar da ƙwayoyin carbon masu aiki, ta haka ne suke cimma carburizing. Fa'idodin gas carburizing sune sauƙin aiki, saurin dumama da sauri, gajeren zagayowar samarwa, da kuma ikon daidaita zurfin da yawan carburized Layer ta hanyar sarrafa sigogi kamar abun da ke ciki na gas da ƙimar kwarara. Ingancin carburizing yana da ƙarfi, wanda yake da sauƙin cimmawa ta hanyar injina da sarrafa kansa, yana inganta yanayin aiki sosai.
Carburizing na ruwa: Carburizing na ruwa shine a nutsar da sarkar na birgima a cikin wani abu mai kama da carburizing na ruwa. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da silicon carbide, wakilin carburizing na "603", da sauransu. A yanayin zafi mai dacewa, ƙwayoyin carbon suna narkewa daga ruwan kuma suna shiga cikin saman sarkar na birgima. Amfanin carburizing na ruwa shine cewa zagayowar samarwa ba ta da yawa, kuma ana iya yin kashewa kai tsaye bayan carburizing ba tare da damuwa game da oxidation da decarburization ba. Zafin jiki da lokaci suna da sauƙin sarrafawa, dumama iri ɗaya ne, kuma ana iya rage lalacewar kayan aikin yadda ya kamata. Kayan aikin kuma yana da sauƙi. Duk da haka, yanayin aikinsa ba shi da kyau kuma yawanci ya dace da yanki ɗaya ko ƙaramin rukuni.
Carburizing mai ƙarfi: Wannan wata hanya ce ta gargajiya ta carburizing. Ana sanya sarkar naɗawa a cikin akwatin carburizing mai rufewa tare da wani abu mai ƙarfi na carburizing, sannan a sanya akwatin carburizing a cikin tanderu mai dumamawa a dumama shi zuwa zafin carburizing kuma a ajiye shi ɗumi na wani lokaci, don haka ƙwayoyin carbon masu aiki suna shiga cikin saman sarkar naɗawa. Maganin carburizing mai ƙarfi gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi gawayi da wasu masu haɓaka. Fa'idodin wannan hanyar sune aiki mai sauƙi, ƙarancin buƙatun fasaha, babu buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman, hanyoyin samar da carburizing iri-iri kuma ana iya shirya su da kanka, da kuma aikace-aikace iri-iri. Amma rashin amfanin su ma a bayyane yake. Ingancin carburizing yana da wahalar sarrafawa daidai, yanayin aiki mara kyau, ƙarfin yana da yawa, zagayowar samarwa yana da tsawo, farashi yana da yawa, kuma yanayin haɓakar hatsi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci yayin aikin carburizing. Ga wasu mahimman kayan aiki, yawanci ba a amfani da kashewa kai tsaye.

Muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin carburetion na sarkar nadi
Zafin Carburizing da lokaci: Zafin Carburizing gabaɗaya yana tsakanin 900℃ da 950℃. Zafin da ya fi girma zai iya hanzarta yawan yaduwar ƙwayoyin carbon da kuma rage lokacin Carburizing, amma a lokaci guda yana iya haifar da haɓakar hatsi da kuma shafar aikin sarkar naɗawa. Lokacin Carburizing ana ƙayyade shi ne bisa ga zurfin Layer Carburizing da ake buƙata, yawanci yana farawa daga 'yan awanni zuwa awanni da dama. Misali, ga wasu sarkar naɗawa waɗanda ke buƙatar Layer Carburizing mai zurfi, yana iya ɗaukar 'yan awanni kaɗan kawai, yayin da ga sarkar naɗawa waɗanda ke buƙatar Layer Carburizing mai zurfi, yana iya ɗaukar awanni da dama na lokacin Carburizing. A cikin ainihin samarwa, yana da mahimmanci a ƙayyade mafi kyawun zafin jiki da sigogin lokaci na Carburizing ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje da gogewa bisa ga abubuwan kamar takamaiman kayan aiki, girma da buƙatun aiki na sarkar naɗawa.
Ikon sarrafa ƙarfin carbon: Ikon carbon yana nufin ikon wakilin carburizing don samar da ƙwayoyin carbon a saman aikin. Daidaita ikon carbon shine mabuɗin samun madaidaicin Layer na carburized. Yawan ƙarfin carbon zai sa carbides na hanyar sadarwa su bayyana a saman sarkar na'urar, yana rage ƙarfin gajiyarsa; ƙarancin ƙarfin carbon zai sa zurfin Layer na carburized ya zama bai isa ba kuma ba zai iya biyan buƙatun aiki ba. Yawanci, ana amfani da kayan aiki kamar na'urorin oxygen da na'urorin nazarin iskar gas na infrared don sa ido kan yanayi a cikin tanderu a ainihin lokaci, kuma ana daidaita ƙarfin carbon a kan lokaci bisa ga sakamakon sa ido don tabbatar da cewa canjin ƙarfin carbon koyaushe yana cikin madaidaicin kewayon, don samun madaidaicin Layer na carburized mai inganci. Bugu da ƙari, tare da taimakon fasahar kwaikwayon kwamfuta mai ci gaba, ana iya kafa samfurin yaɗuwar ƙarfin carbon don kwaikwayon canjin canjin ƙarfin carbon da juyin halittar Layer na carburized a ƙarƙashin sigogi daban-daban na tsari, annabta tasirin carburizing a gaba, samar da tushen kimiyya don inganta tsari, da kuma ƙara inganta daidaito da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin carburizing.
Sanyaya da Kashewa: Bayan an yi amfani da carburizing, yawanci ana buƙatar a sanyaya da sauri a kashe sarkar na'urar don samar da tsarin martensitic da kuma inganta taurin saman. Kayan aikin kashewa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da mai, ruwa, ruwan kashewa na polymer, da sauransu. Kayan aikin kashewa daban-daban suna da saurin sanyaya da halaye daban-daban, kuma ya kamata a zaɓi su da kyau bisa ga kayan aiki da buƙatun aiki na sarkar na'urar. Misali, ga wasu ƙananan sarƙoƙi na na'urar, ana iya amfani da kashewa na mai; ga manyan sarƙoƙi na na'urori ko sarƙoƙi masu buƙatar tauri, ana iya amfani da kashewa na ruwa ko kashewa na polymer. Bayan kashewa, ana kuma buƙatar a rage sarƙoƙin na'urar don kawar da damuwar ciki da ake samu yayin aikin kashewa da kuma inganta taurinsa. Zafin zafin zafin yana tsakanin 150℃ da 200℃, kuma ana ƙayyade lokacin ragewa bisa ga abubuwa kamar girman sarƙoƙin na'urori da zafin zafin jiki, yawanci kimanin awanni 1 zuwa 2.

Zaɓin kayan sarkar nadi da daidaitawar tsarin carburetion
Kayan da ake amfani da shi wajen yin sarkar nadi yawanci shine ƙarancin ƙarfe na carbon ko ƙaramin ƙarfe na carbon, kamar ƙarfe 20, 20CrMnTi, da sauransu. Waɗannan kayan suna da kyakkyawan laushi da tauri, kuma suna iya samar da ingantaccen Layer na carburized yayin yin carburizing. Idan aka ɗauki misali da 20CrMnTi, yana ɗauke da abubuwa kamar chromium, manganese da titanium. Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin ba wai kawai za su iya inganta ƙarfi da tauri na ƙarfe ba, har ma suna shafar tasirin taurinsa yayin yin carburizing. Kafin yin carburizing, ana buƙatar a yi wa sarkar nadi magani yadda ya kamata, kamar tsinken tsinke ko yashi, don cire oxides na saman da datti don tabbatar da ci gaban aikin carburizing cikin sauƙi.

Tsarin sarrafa siminti yana inganta aikin sarkar nadi
Tauri da juriyar lalacewa: Bayan yin amfani da carburizing, ana iya inganta taurin saman sarkar nadi sosai, yawanci har zuwa HRC58 zuwa 64. Wannan yana ba shi damar tsayayya da matsaloli kamar lalacewar saman haƙori, haɗawa da kuma rage gudu a ƙarƙashin mawuyacin yanayi kamar babban gudu, nauyi mai yawa da farawa akai-akai, da kuma tsawaita tsawon lokacin aikinsa sosai. Misali, sarƙoƙin nadi da ake amfani da su a wasu manyan injinan haƙori sun inganta juriyar lalacewa bayan maganin carburizing, kuma suna iya jigilar kayan aiki cikin kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci, wanda ke rage yawan rufe kayan aiki da gyare-gyare da lalacewar sarƙoƙi ke haifarwa.
Aikin hana gajiya: Rage matsin lamba da aka samu ta hanyar amfani da layin carburized da kuma ingantaccen tsarin saman layin yana taimakawa wajen inganta aikin hana gajiya na sarkar na'urar. A ƙarƙashin aikin lodin da ke zagaye, sarkar na'urar na'urar na iya jure wa babban ƙarfin damuwa kuma ba ya fuskantar fashewar gajiya, don haka yana haɓaka amincinsa a cikin aiki na dogon lokaci. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga wasu kayan aiki waɗanda ke buƙatar yin aiki akai-akai, kamar sarkar lokaci a cikin injin mota, wanda zai iya tabbatar da aiki lafiya da kwanciyar hankali na kayan aiki da rage haɗarin lalacewa.
Cikakken halayen injiniya: Tsarin yin amfani da carburizing ba wai kawai yana inganta aikin saman sarkar nadi ba, har ma yana kiyaye kyakkyawan tauri na core. Ta wannan hanyar, lokacin da sarkar nadi ta fuskanci nauyin tasiri, zai iya sha da watsa makamashi da kyau kuma ya guji matsalolin gazawa kamar karyewa saboda yawan damuwa na gida. Sarkar nadi na iya nuna kyawawan halaye na injiniya a cikin yanayi daban-daban masu rikitarwa na aiki kuma ya biya buƙatun watsawa na kayan aikin injiniya daban-daban.

Dubawa da kuma kula da ingancin sarƙoƙin naɗawa masu ɗauke da carburized
Duba zurfin Layer mai kauri: Yawanci ana amfani da nazarin ƙarfe don auna zurfin Layer mai kauri. Bayan yankewa, gogewa da kuma lalata samfurin sarkar mai kauri, ana lura da tsarin Layer mai kauri a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa ta ƙarfe kuma ana auna zurfinsa. Wannan alamar kai tsaye tana nuna ko tasirin Carburizing ya cika buƙatun ƙira, wanda yake da mahimmanci don tabbatar da aikin sarkar mai kauri. Misali, ga wasu sarƙoƙi masu kauri da ake amfani da su don watsawa mai nauyi, ana iya buƙatar zurfin Layer mai kauri ya kai kimanin 0.8 zuwa 1.2 mm don biyan buƙatun juriya da juriya ga gajiya a ƙarƙashin manyan kaya.
Gwajin Tauri: Yi amfani da na'urar gwada tauri don gwada tauri na saman da tsakiyar sarkar na'urar. Tauri na saman yakamata ya dace da takamaiman kewayon, kuma tauri na tsakiya yakamata ya kasance cikin kewayon da ya dace don tabbatar da cewa sarkar na'urar tana da kyakkyawan aiki mai kyau. Yawancin lokaci ana yin gwajin tauri a wani takamaiman mita na samfur, kuma kowane rukuni na sarkar na'urar da aka samar ana ɗaukar samfurin don tabbatar da daidaiton ingancin samfurin.
Duba tsarin ƙarfe: Baya ga gano zurfin layin ƙarfe mai kauri, ya kamata a kuma duba tsarin ƙarfe mai kauri, gami da yanayin ƙasa, rarrabawa da girman hatsi na carbide. Tsarin ƙarfe mai kyau na iya tabbatar da aikin sarkar naɗa yayin amfani. Misali, carbide masu kyau da rarrabawa daidai gwargwado suna taimakawa wajen inganta juriyar lalacewa da juriyar gajiya na sarkar naɗa, yayin da girman hatsi mai yawa na iya rage taurinsa. Ta hanyar duba tsarin ƙarfe, ana iya gano matsaloli a cikin tsarin ƙarfe mai kauri akan lokaci, kuma ana iya ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don daidaitawa da inganta su don inganta ingancin samfur.

Kammalawa
Tsarin yin carburizing na sarƙoƙin naɗawa fasaha ce mai sarkakiya kuma mai mahimmanci, wacce ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta aikin sarƙoƙin naɗawa. Daga zaɓin hanyoyin aiwatarwa zuwa sarrafa muhimman abubuwa, zuwa daidaitawar kayan aiki da duba inganci, duk hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo suna buƙatar a sarrafa su sosai don tabbatar da cewa sarƙoƙin naɗawa zai iya biyan buƙatun amfani a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na aiki. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, tsarin yin carburizing shi ma yana ci gaba da ƙirƙira da haɓakawa. Misali, amfani da kwaikwayon kwamfuta na zamani da fasahar sa ido ta kan layi ta ainihin lokaci zai taimaka wajen ƙara inganta sigogin tsarin carburizing, inganta aiki da ingancin sarƙoƙin naɗawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun hanyoyin watsawa don samar da masana'antu.