Utshintsho lweNdima yeRoller Chain kwiShishini 4.0

Utshintsho lweNdima yeRoller Chain kwiShishini 4.0

Njengoko igagasi le-Industry 4.0 litshintsha indlela ihlabathi elivelisa ngayo izinto, ukusetyenziswa okunzulu kwezobuchwepheshe ezifana neerobhothi ezikrelekrele, amawele edijithali, kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto kutsale ingqalelo engakumbi kwizixhobo eziphezulu kunye neenkqubo ezisemgangathweni. Nangona kunjalo, njengegqala kwicandelo lokuhambisa ngoomatshini, ikhonkco le-roller alizange liphele ngenxa yotshintsho lwetekhnoloji; endaweni yoko, liye latshintsha kakhulu ukusuka kwinxalenye yokuhambisa esisiseko ukuya kwindawo ephambili kwimveliso ekrelekrele. Kwabo babandakanyeka kakhulu kushishino lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuthengisa ngobuninzi, ukuqonda olu tshintsho lweminyaka emininzi kubalulekile ekubambeni amathuba kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngemveliso ephezulu.

I. Ukubeka Indawo Ngaphambi Koshishino 4.0: "Iyunithi Yokudlulisa Esisiseko" Ebalulekileyo

Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ingcamango ye-Industry 4.0, i-roller chain yayisele isebenza kwimveliso kangangeminyaka elikhulu, ixabiso layo eliphambili libonakala kwindima yayo "njengesithwali sothumelo lwamandla esithembekileyo." Indima ye-roller chain ngeli xesha yayineempawu ezahlukeneyo zeli xesha:

1. Umthumeli wamandla oqhelekileyo
Ukususela kwinkulungwane yama-20, ngokusekwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-ISO 606 kunye ne-ANSI, ii-roller chains zenze inkqubo yeenkcukacha edibeneyo, yaba yi-"bridge standardized" edibanisa ii-motors kunye neendlela zokusebenza. Ukususela ekuphumeni kwamandla oomatshini bezolimo ukuya kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa zemigca yemveliso yeemoto, umsebenzi wayo oyintloko ibisoloko ikukudlulisela ngokufanelekileyo amandla oomatshini kwi-actuator, kunye neemfuno ezilinganiselweyo zokuchaneka kunye nobukrelekrele. Ukhuphiswano lwemarike ngeli xesha ludla ngokuguqukela kwisimo sengqondo "sokuqokelelwa kweenkcazo", kunye nomahluko wemveliso obonakala kakhulu kumandla ezinto kunye neenkqubo ezisisiseko.

2. Icandelo elisetyenziswayo eligcinwe lingasetyenziswanga
Kwiimodeli zemveli zemveliso, iiroller chains zaziqhelekile "njengezinto ezigcinwe ngokungacwangciswanga." Ngenxa yokunqongophala kweendlela zokujonga imeko, iinkampani zazinokuxhomekeka kuphela ekuhlolweni ngesandla kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo ezimiselweyo, zihlala zijongene neengxaki ezimbini: nokuba kukutshintshwa kwangaphambi kwexesha okukhokelela ekuchithweni kweendleko, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngequbuliso okubangela ukungasebenzi kwemigca yemveliso. Idatha yembali evela kwiGerman Engineering Federation (VDMA) ibonisa ukuba ngaphambi kowama-2010, malunga nama-35% okusilela kwenkqubo yokudlulisela izinto kwakubangelwa kukusilela okungalindelekanga kweeroller chain, kunye nelahleko ephakathi kwexesha lokungasebenzi edlula i-$100,000.

3. I-adaptha yeSimo esinye
Iitsheyini eziqengqelekayo kweli nqanaba zaziziimveliso ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Nangona zazihlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko zothumelo, ukuziqhelanisa kwazo neemeko zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo kwakunganelanga. Umzekelo, kwimigca yokubhaka eshushu kakhulu kwishishini lokutya, iitsheyini eziqhelekileyo zisengozini yokugqwala kunye nokungcola; kwiindawo ezinzima zoomatshini bezibuko, ubomi benkonzo yezakhiwo zemveli buhlala bungaphantsi kweeyure ezili-10,000. Ukungabikho kwezakhono zokwenza ngokwezifiso kwenze kwaba nzima ukugqitha umgangatho wexabiso "leendawo ezisemgangathweni."

II. Utshintsho Lwendima Oluqhutywa Yi-Industry 4.0: Uphuculo Olukrelekrele Ngemilinganiselo Emithathu

Ngokungena kwe-Intanethi yezinto, ii-algorithms ze-AI, kunye netekhnoloji entsha yezinto, indima yee-roller chains iqalile ukutshintsha ngokubalulekileyo. Uphuhliso lwayo alukokukhanyela imisebenzi yendabuko, kodwa endaweni yoko, ngelixa igcina iingenelo eziphambili zothumelo, yongeza amandla amatsha afana nokubona okukrelekrele, ukunxibelelana kwedatha, kunye nentsebenziswano yenkqubo, yenze iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokuphucula:

1. Ukusuka “kwiiMechanical Components” ukuya “kwiIntelligent Sensing Nodes” Ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunciphisa itekhnoloji ye-sensor kuye kwenza ukuba ii-roller chains zibe nokukwazi ukubona imeko kunye nokujonga imeko. Ii-roller chains zanamhlanje ezikumgangatho ophezulu zifezekise imisebenzi “yokuzixilonga”, zibamba idatha yokusebenza ngexesha langempela kwaye ziyithumele kwinkqubo yolawulo ngokudityaniswa kwee-multi-dimensional sensors ezifana nobushushu, ukungcangcazela, kunye nomthwalo.

Iintambo ze-roller ezikrelekrele ze-P4.1 series ezivela kwinkampani yaseJamani i-igus zingumzekelo obalaseleyo. Zidibanisa iibheringi ezityibilikayo ezingenasondlo kunye nee-sensors zokujonga ezikrelekrele kwiindawo zonxibelelwano lwekhonkco. Xa ukuguguleka kufikelela kwixabiso elibalulekileyo, ngokuzenzekelayo ikhupha isilumkiso ngemodyuli yonxibelelwano ye-i.cee. Iinkampani zasekhaya ezifana neQianjiang Chain nazo zifakela iiyunithi zokuva kwiintambo ezisetyenziswa kwimishini yezolimo, zisebenzisa ii-algorithms ze-AI ukuqikelela imijikelo yolondolozo, zinciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi komgca wemveliso yenkampani yokutya ngama-28%. Olu tshintsho luguqule iintambo ze-roller ukusuka kwi-"silent transmitters" ukuya kwi-"talking condition monitors."

2. Ukusuka “kwiiMveliso zeNjongo Jikelele” ukuya “kwiiNkqubo ezenzelwe iMeko” Iimfuno zokuvelisa eziguquguqukayo ezikhuthazwa yi-Industry 4.0 ziqhuba utshintsho lwee-roller chains ukusuka “kwiinxalenye ezimiselweyo” ukuya “kwiinkqubo ezenzelwe iMeko.” Ii-roller chains zanamhlanje ziye zaphuhlisa inkqubo yesisombululo esibanzi kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo, zifezekisa ukufana okuchanekileyo ekukhetheni izinto, uyilo lwesakhiwo, kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza.

Kwimigca yokuhlanganisana kwezithuthi, ii-roller chains eziqokelelanayo, ngesakhiwo esine-double hinge kunye noyilo lwevili lokungqubana, zifezekisa ulawulo olukrelekrele—”yima xa ufuna, hamba xa ufuna.” Iqonga le-TNGA leToyota, elisebenzisa obu buchwephesha, lingaqokelela ngaxeshanye iimodeli ezingama-50 ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokutshintsha lemizuzwana eyi-0. Kwishishini lokutya, ii-roller chains ezikhethekileyo ezenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwali engama-304, eziqinisekiswe yi-HACCP, zifezekisa ulawulo lobushushu kunye nokufuma olulinganayo kwicandelo lokupholisa ngelixa zihlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso ecocekileyo. Kwizicelo zoomatshini bezibuko, ii-roller chains ezisebenza nzima ezisebenzisa inkqubo edibeneyo “yokugalela kunye nokucima + ii-PTFE oil seals” zinokugcina ukuchaneka kokudlulisela kwe-0.02mm kwiindawo eziqala kwi--40℃ ukuya kwi-120℃, kunye nobomi benkonzo obudlula iminyaka eli-15.

3. Ukusuka "kwiiComponents ezizimeleyo" ukuya "kwiDigital Twin Composition" Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yedijithali twin kuvumela iiroller chains ukuba zidityaniswe ngokupheleleyo kwinethiwekhi iyonke yemveliso ekrelekrele. Ngokwakha isibuko sedijithali se-chain kwindawo ebonakalayo, ulawulo olubonakalayo kunye nokwenza ngcono kuyo yonke i-lifecycle yayo kunokufezekiswa.

Ngexesha lesigaba soyilo, iinkampani zisebenzisa iteknoloji yokulinganisa ukuphucula izakhiwo zekhonkco leentambo. Umzekelo, uyilo lwepleyiti ephezulu enemilo yecrescent, ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa ukusasazwa koxinzelelo, luphucula ukusebenza komthwalo ochasene ne-eccentric ngama-40% ngelixa kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuhambisa nge-8%-12%. Kwisigaba sokuvelisa, ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo ze-ERP kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola zedijithali kudala inkqubo evaliweyo ukusuka kuyilo ukuya kwimveliso ukuya kuhlolo lomgangatho. I-Qianjiang Chain isebenzisa i-100% yokujonga okubonakalayo okuzenzakalelayo ngokupheleleyo ukulawula iimpazamo zokuhambisa ngaphakathi kwe-0.1mm. Kwisigaba sokusebenza nokulungisa, iinkqubo zokuqikelela ubomi be-chain drive eziphuhliswe ziinkampani ezifana ne-ABB zinokuphucula ukuchaneka kwesilumkiso sempazamo ukuya kwi-92%, ziguqula ukugcinwa ukusuka "kukulungiswa okungasebenziyo" ukuya "kucwangciso olusebenzayo."

III. Iimeko zeSicelo esiPhambili: Ixabiso eliSebenzayo elibonakaliswe kwiMveliso yobuNgcali

Utshintsho lwendima ye-roller chain alukokuphucula nje ingcinga yethiyori, kodwa kukuhlaziywa kwexabiso okubonakaliswe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Iimpawu zayo ezikrelekrele ziba yinkxaso ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kwiindawo eziphambili:

1. Imigca yokuhlanganisa iimoto ezikrelekrele: "IiNerve zoThumelo" zeMveliso eguquguqukayo
Kwicandelo lokwenziwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, iiroller chains ziye zaba yinxalenye ephambili yemveliso eguquguqukayo. Umgca wovavanyo olukrelekrele lweGree air conditioners usebenzisa inkqubo yeroller chain eqokelelanayo, ekwaziyo ukuqokelela iiyunithi ezingama-200 zangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-buffer yemitha ezili-15. Oku kuhambelana ngokuguquguqukayo nesingqi sovavanyo lweeyunithi zangaphandle, kufezekisa izinga lokubanjwa kwemveliso elingalunganga eliyi-100%. Emva kolu hlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo kukho intsebenziswano enzulu phakathi kweroller chain kunye neenkqubo ze-PLC/SCADA. Ngokubeka i-dual composite positioning kusetyenziswa i-laser rangefinders kunye ne-RFID readers, ifezekisa ukulandelela ngokuchanekileyo kwezithuthi ezingaphezu kwe-1000 ngokuchaneka kokubeka kwe-±1mm. Ngokwedatha evela kwi-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, ngo-2024, ngaphezulu kwe-70% yeenkqubo zokuhambisa kwiifektri zezithuthi zamandla ezintsha ezakhiweyo zamkela izisombululo zeroller chain ezikrelekrele, ezinobude obuphakathi be-8.2 yeekhilomitha kumzi-mveliso ngamnye.

2. UkuHlela okuNgqondileyo kweLogistics: "Amandla aPhambili" okuPhucula ngokuSebenza kakuhle
Kwicandelo le-automation logistics, ukuphuculwa okukrelekrele kwee-roller chains kuye kwakhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekwandeni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokuhlelwa. I-JD.com's Asia No. 1 warehouse isebenzisa inkqubo ye-smart sorting chain elungisa ngokuguquguqukayo isithuba seepakethe, ifikelela kumthamo ophezulu wokucubungula iipakethe ezingama-200,000 ngosuku kunye nokuchaneka kokuhlelwa kwe-99.99%. Oku kusebenza okuphezulu kuvela kwiimpumelelo ezimbini zobuchwepheshe: okokuqala, ii-roller chains ezinobubanzi obuphindwe kabini ezinomphezulu ogqunywe yi-nickel, ukwandisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo ukuya kwi-3000 kg/m kunye nobomi obudlula iiyure ezingama-80,000; okwesibini, ukudityaniswa kweeyunithi zokuqhuba ezisasazwayo kunye nee-algorithms ezikrelekrele, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-35% xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zemveli. I-International Energy Agency (IEA) iqikelela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezo nkqubo zokudlulisa ezikrelekrele kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwezixhobo ze-logistics nge-18%-22%.

3. Izixhobo Ezintsha Zamandla: Iqabane Elithembekileyo Kwiimeko Ezinzima Kwimimandla yamandla omoya, iibhetri ze-lithium, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezintsha zamandla, indima yeetyathanga eziqengqelekayo iguquke ukusuka kwizinto eziqhelekileyo zokuhambisa ukuya "kwiingcali zokulungelelanisa imeko." Kwindawo engqongqo yangaphandle yeendlela zokuphakamisa i-turbine yomoya, iinkampani ziye zaphuhlisa iityathanga ezikhethekileyo eziqengqelekayo ezingamelani nokugqwala. Ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokugquma i-graphene, ukumelana nokuguguleka kuphucuka ngama-40%, kwaye ubomi benkonzo budlula iiyure ezingama-50,000 kwiindawo ezinxweme ezinomswakama ophezulu. Kumagumbi acocekileyo asetyenziswa kwimveliso yebhetri ye-lithium, iityathanga eziqengqelekayo ezinezakhiwo ezivalekileyo ngokupheleleyo kunye nezithambiso zokutya zifezekisa ukusebenza okungenazintwana, zihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwe-IP67. Ukuvela kwezi mveliso zenziwe ngokwezifiso kubangele ukwehla okungaphezulu kwama-65% kwizinga lokungaphumeleli kweenkqubo zokuhambisa kwizixhobo ezintsha zamandla.

4. Oomatshini Abanzima: “Abagcini Abakrelekrele” Beemeko Ezinzima
Kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana neezibuko kunye nemigodi, iintambo ezijikelezayo ezikrelekrele ziphinda zibhale iindlela zolondolozo zemveli. Iintambo ezijikelezileyo ze-sensor ezixineneyo ezisetyenziswa kwiQingdao Port zinokujonga ubushushu bekhonkco lekhonkco kunye nedatha yokungcangcazela ngexesha langempela, kwaye, kunye neengcango zekhompyutha ezisemaphethelweni, zibonelela ngezilumkiso zempazamo kwangethuba, zonyusa ixesha lokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo ze-crane ngama-20%. Ixabiso eliziswe lolu phuculo lobuchwepheshe libalulekile: ngokwengxelo ka-2024 ye-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), oomatshini abanzima abasebenzisa iintambo ezijikelezayo ezikrelekrele bafumana ukwehla okuphakathi kweendleko zokugcinwa kwe-32% kunye nokunyuka kokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwe-15%.

IV. Imbono Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngokuthengiswa Ngeempahla Ezininzi: Ukusebenzisa Amathuba Emarike Kwinguqu Yendima

Utshintsho lwendima ye-roller chain aluzange luphinde lutshintshe ixabiso layo lemizi-mveliso kuphela kodwa luvule namathuba amatsha okukhula kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi. Bejongene nehlabathi lonke lotshintsho olukrelekrele kwimveliso, abathengisi ngobuninzi kufuneka bahlengahlengise ingqiqo yabo yeshishini ukusuka kumacala amathathu:

1. Tshintshela ulwakhiwo lweMveliso ukuya kwiimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu
Idatha yemarike ibonisa ukuba imfuno yehlabathi yee-roller chains eziphezulu iyakhawuleza: umlinganiselo wemfuno yemveliso ephezulu unyukile ukusuka kwi-35% ngo-2022 ukuya kwi-47% ngo-2025, kunye nee-roller chains ezikrelekrele ezibonisa izinga lokukhula lonyaka elidibeneyo elidlula i-12%. Kubathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi, ukugxila kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili zemveliso kuya kubonelela ngenzuzo yokukhuphisana: okokuqala, ii-intelligent monitoring chains ezinee-integrated sensors, ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi kwiimarike zokwenza iimveliso eziphezulu eYurophu naseMelika; okwesibini, iimveliso ezenzelwe iimeko zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nee-stainless steel chains ezikumgangatho wokutya kunye nee-converter ezimelana nokugqwala ezishushu kakhulu, ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini amatsha amandla nokutya eMzantsi-mpuma Asia; kwaye okwesithathu, iinkqubo zee-modular chains, ezifana nee-accumulator conveyor chains, ezinokuhambelana nokuphuculwa kwemveliso eguquguqukayo kwishishini leemoto zehlabathi.

2. Ukwandisa Amandla Enkonzo Ekujoliseni Ukwenziwa Kweenkqubo
Kwimeko ye-Industry 4.0, abathengi abasadingi iimveliso zetyathanga elinye, kodwa bafuna izisombululo ezipheleleyo zokudlulisela. Iimodeli eziphumeleleyo ezithengiswa ngobuninzi zitshintshe ukusuka "ekunikezelweni kwemveliso" ukuya "kwiinkonzo zexabiso": ukubonelela ngenkxaso ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni kubandakanya ukukhethwa kwetyathanga, isikhokelo sokufakelwa, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha; ukunceda abathengi ekudibaniseni idatha yetyathanga kwiinkqubo zabo ze-SCADA okanye ze-MES ezikhoyo ukuze kusetyenziswe intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqonga; kwaye banikezela neengcebiso zokugcinwa kunye nokwenza ngcono ngokusekelwe kwidatha yokusebenza eqokelelweyo. Amava eHangzhou Qianjiang Chain abonisa ukuba iinkampani ezibonelela ngezisombululo zenkqubo zinezinga eliphezulu lokuthengwa kwakhona kwabathengi ngama-40% kunabathengisi bemveliso abaqhelekileyo.

3. Ulwakhiwo lweCandelo loNikezelo oluZiqhelanise neHlabathi Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lwe-Industry 4.0 kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo zimisela iimpawu ezahlukileyo zemfuno yecandelo le-roller. Kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika, i-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) iyalela ukunyuka kwama-45% ekuthengweni kwecandelo le-roller chain elinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, nto leyo efuna ukuba abathengisi abaninzi babeke phambili ukugcinwa kweemveliso eziluhlaza ezinobungcipheko obuphantsi, ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Kwimarike yaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, ukukhula okukhulu kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ze-elektroniki kukhuthaze imfuno yecandelo le-smart chain elichanekileyo nelincinci, kunye namazinga okukhula kwemfuno ngonyaka kumazwe afana neVietnam neIndiya afikelela kwi-18%-22%. Kwimarike yase-Afrika, umjikelo omfutshane wokutshintshwa kwezixhobo zemigodi ezinzulu kukhokelele kwizinga lokukhula konyaka le-15% kwimfuno yeendawo ezingasetyenziswayo zecandelo le-roller chain elinzima.

V. Amathuba Amatsha Endima Kwixesha Lokunxibelelana Ngobuchule

Njengoko i-Industry 4.0 isiya isanda, indima yamatyathanga aqengqelekayo iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngesantya esiphezulu. Kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo, iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ziya kuyila ngokutsha indawo yayo yezoshishino:

Kwinqanaba lobuchwepheshe, ukusetyenziswa nzulu kweemodeli zedatha enkulu ze-AI kuya kwenza ukuba kunyuke ukusuka "kulondolozo oluqikelelayo" ukuya "ekulungiseni okuqikelelayo." Ngokuhlalutya ubungakanani obukhulu bedatha yokusebenza, inkqubo inokulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo iiparameter ezifana noxinzelelo lweketanga kunye nemijikelo yokuthambisa ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kakuhle kothumelo. Uphando olwenziwe yiBeijing Zhongdao Taihe lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zeketanga ezilungiselelwe i-AI zinokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-10%-15%.

Kwicandelo lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ezidityanisiweyo kuya kudlula kwimida yokusebenza ngokomzimba. Amandla okuxinana kweetyathanga ze-titanium alloy anyuke ngama-35% xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso zemveli, ngelixa ulwakhiwo oludityanisiweyo lweeplastiki zobunjineli kunye neentsimbi lunciphisa ubunzima beetyathanga ngama-40% ngelixa luphinda kabini ixesha lalo lobomi. Ezi zinto zintsha ziya kuqhuba impumelelo ekusetyenzisweni kweetyathanga eziqengqelekayo kwiindawo eziphezulu ezifana ne-aerospace kunye ne-electronics echanekileyo.

Kwinqanaba lendalo, iiroller chains ziya kuba zii-data nodes ezibalulekileyo kwi-Industrial Internet. Ngokuqhagamshela kwiiplatifomu zelifu lemizi-mveliso zehlabathi, idatha yokusebenza kwee-chain ezivela kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo inokwabelwana ngayo ngokungaziwa, yenze iimodeli zokuxilonga iimpazamo kwinqanaba lemizi-mveliso kunye nemigangatho yokugcinwa. Le ntsebenziswano yendalo iya kutshintsha ngokusisiseko imodeli yemveliso kunye nenkonzo yee-chain, itshintshe ukusuka "ekuveliseni amashishini azimeleyo" ukuya "ekuveliseni ngokubambisana kwemizi-mveliso."

Isiphelo Ukusuka kwinxalenye yothumelo olusisiseko kwinkulungwane eyadlulayo ukuya kwindawo ephambili kwimveliso yobuchule yanamhlanje, ukuguquka kwendima ye-roller chain kuqinisekisa inyaniso elula: kwizandi zotshintsho lwemizi-mveliso, iimveliso zakudala ngokwenene azikaze zoyike ukuhlaziywa kwetekhnoloji, kodwa zihlala zihlaziyeka ngokuzivuselela. Kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi, olu tshintsho luzisa imingeni kunye namathuba - abo banokuqonda ngokuchanekileyo iindima ezitshintshayo kwaye baphendule ngokukhawuleza kwiimfuno zemarike ekugqibeleni baya kuba kwindawo ephambili kwinkqubo yehlabathi yokubonelela ngemveliso yobuchule.