Uluhlu lobushushu olufanelekileyo lovavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain
Kwicandelo lemveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye nokudluliselwa koomatshini, i-roller chain yinxalenye ephambili yokudluliselwa, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi benkonzo yezixhobo zoomatshini. Ukuqina sisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokusebenza kwe-roller chain, esichaphazela ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokudinwa kunye namandla ngokubanzi e-roller chain. Ukuze kuvavanywe ngokuchanekileyo ubunzima be-roller chain kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, uvavanyo lobunzima lube likhonkco elibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-roller chain, ukuhlolwa komgangatho kunye nophando lwesayensi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa uluhlu lobushushu olufanelekileyo lovavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain. Ukuqala kwimigaqo esisiseko yovavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain, eli phepha liza kuhlola nzulu impembelelo yobushushu kwiziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima, kwaye lidibanise imigangatho efanelekileyo kunye nophando lovavanyo ukuhlalutya nokumisela uluhlu lobushushu olufanelekileyo lovavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain, lijolise ekuboneleleni ngereferensi ebalulekileyo kubavelisi be-roller chain, ii-arhente zokuhlola umgangatho kunye neengcali ezinxulumene noko.
1. Imigaqo esisiseko yovavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain
Ukuqina kubhekisa kubuchule bezinto eziqinileyo bokumelana nezinto eziqinileyo ezicinezelwa kumphezulu wazo, kwaye luphawu olubalulekileyo lokulinganisa ubunzima bezinto. Uvavanyo lokuqina lwe-roller chain ludla ngokusebenzisa i-Rockwell hardness tester, esebenzisa i-diamond indenter okanye i-carbide indenter ukucinezela i-indenter kumphezulu wenxalenye evavanyiweyo ye-roller chain phantsi komthwalo ochaziweyo, kwaye imisela ixabiso layo lobunzima ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indentation. I-Rockwell hardness tester inezibonelelo zokusebenza okulula, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye ne-indentation encinci, kwaye ifanelekile kuvavanyo lobunzima beendawo ezincinci neziphakathi eziveliswe kwiibhetshi ezifana ne-roller chain.
I-roller chain yenziwe kakhulu ngepleyiti yangaphakathi ye-chain, ipleyiti yangaphandle ye-chain, i-pin, i-sleeve kunye ne-roller, kwaye iimfuno zobunzima becandelo ngalinye zahlukile. Umzekelo, i-pin kunye ne-sleeve, njengeendawo eziphambili zokudlulisela kwi-roller chain, kufuneka zibe nobunzima obuphezulu ukuphucula ukumelana kwazo nokuguguleka kunye nokumelana nokudinwa. Ngokubanzi, ubunzima bomphezulu we-pin kunye ne-sleeve kufuneka bube phakathi kwe-HRC30 kunye ne-HRC40, ngelixa ubunzima bepleyiti yangaphakathi ye-chain kunye nepleyiti yangaphandle ye-chain buphantsi kakhulu, buhlala buphakathi kwe-HRC20 kunye ne-HRC30. Ngokuyila nokulawula ubunzima obufanelekileyo, kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba i-roller chain isebenza kakuhle kwaye inika ubomi obude ngexesha lokudlulisela.
2. Impembelelo yobushushu kuvavanyo lobunzima beetyathanga eziqengqelekayo
Ubushushu buyinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ubulukhuni bezinto. Xa ubushushu butshintsha, ulwakhiwo lwe-microstructure kunye neempawu zomzimba zezinto ze-roller chain ziya kutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubulukhuni bazo butshintshe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngexesha lovavanyo lobulukhuni, impembelelo yobushushu kwiziphumo zovavanyo lobulukhuni be-roller chain ibonakala kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
(I) Utshintsho kwisakhiwo sezinto ezincinci
Ubunzima bezinto zesinyithi buxhomekeke kakhulu kwisakhiwo sazo esincinci. Xa sithatha izinto zentsimbi ezixutyiweyo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiitsheyini eziqengqelekayo njengomzekelo, isakhiwo se-metallographic sentsimbi exutyiweyo siya kutshintsha kubushushu obahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kubushushu obuphantsi, i-ferrite, i-pearlite kunye nezinye izakhiwo kwintsimbi exutyiweyo zizinzile, kwaye ubunzima bezinto buxhomekeke kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwazo lweekhemikhali kunye nesakhiwo se-metallographic. Nangona kunjalo, xa ubushushu bunyuka, izinga lokusasazwa kwee-athomu zekhabhoni kunye nezinto ezixutyiweyo kwintsimbi exutyiweyo liyakhawuleza, nto leyo enokubangela ukukhula kweenkozo kunye notshintsho lwesakhiwo ngaphakathi kwezinto. Olu tshintsho kwisakhiwo esincinci luya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubunzima bezinto, lubangele ukuphambuka kwiziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima. Ngokubanzi, ubunzima bezinto buya kuncipha njengoko ubushushu bunyuka. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukunyuka kobushushu kunciphisa amandla okubopha i-athomu ngaphakathi kwezinto, okwenza kube lula ukuba izinto zihambe, okubangela ukwehla kwamandla ezinto okumelana nokungena kwezinto ezinzima.
(II) Ukuchaneka komvavanyi wobulukhuni
Njengesixhobo sokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuchaneka kwesivavanyeli sobunzima kuya kuchaphazeleka bubushushu obungqongileyo. I-indenter, intwasahlobo, indlela ye-micrometer kunye nezinye iindawo zesivavanyeli sobunzima zenziwe ngezinto zesinyithi. Utshintsho lobushushu luya kubangela ukwanda okanye ukucutheka kobushushu kwezi ndawo, ngaloo ndlela kutshintshe ijiyometri yesivavanyeli, ukuqina kwentwasahlobo kunye nokuchaneka kwendlela ye-micrometer. Umzekelo, xa ubushushu obungqongileyo bunyuka, i-indenter yesivavanyeli sobunzima inokwanda kancinci, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ixabiso lokulinganisa ubunzulu bokujikela libe liphantsi, nto leyo eyenza ixabiso lobunzima obulinganisiweyo libe liphantsi; ngokuchaseneyo, xa ubushushu obungqongileyo buncipha, i-indenter iyancipha, ixabiso lokulinganisa ubunzulu bokujikela lincinci, kwaye ixabiso lobunzima obulinganisiweyo liphezulu. Ukongeza, utshintsho lobushushu lunokuchaphazela ukuzinza kwesalathiso sesivavanyeli sobunzima, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zingaphindeki kakuhle kwaye zingaphindeki. Ke ngoko, xa usebenzisa isivavanyeli sobunzima ukwenza uvavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobushushu, isivavanyeli sobunzima kufuneka silinganiswe kwaye silungiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zaso zokulinganisa.
(III) Ukwandiswa kobushushu bezinto ze-roller chain
Utshintsho kubushushu luya kubangela ukwanda okanye ukucutheka kobushushu bezinto ezahlukeneyo zeroller chain, ngaloo ndlela luchaphazela indawo kunye nexabiso lokulinganisa uvavanyo lobunzima. Ipleyiti yekhonkco yangaphakathi, ipleyiti yekhonkco yangaphandle, iphini, umkhono kunye neroli yeroller chain zine-coefficients ezahlukeneyo zokwandiswa kobushushu kubushushu obahlukeneyo. Xa ubushushu bunyuka, ubungakanani bezi zinto buya kutshintsha, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba indawo yovavanyo lobunzima iphambuke kwiimfuno zoyilo. Umzekelo, indawo apho ubunzima bomphezulu wephini kufuneka buvavanywe khona inokuthi ithambekele ngaphakathi okanye kumphetho wephini ngenxa yokwanda kobushushu bephini emva kokunyuka kobushushu, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima. Ukongeza, ukwanda kobushushu kuya kubangela ukwabiwa kwakhona koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwezinto zeroller chain, nto leyo echaphazela ngakumbi ukusebenza kwayo kobunzima.
3. Uluhlu lobushushu olufanelekileyo lovavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain
Ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo kunye nenani elikhulu lezifundo zovavanyo, uluhlu olufanelekileyo lobushushu lovavanyo lokuqina kwe-roller chain ngokubanzi yi-10℃-35℃. Uvavanyo lokuqina ngaphakathi kolu luhlu lobushushu lunokunciphisa impembelelo yobushushu kwiziphumo zovavanyo kwaye luqinisekise ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo lokuqina.
(I) Iimfuno zobushushu zemigangatho efanelekileyo
Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe: ISO 606:2015 “Iitsheyini ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo ngephimbo elifutshane, ii-sprockets kunye neenkqubo zokuqhuba iitsheyini zokudlulisa” imisela ukuba uvavanyo lobunzima beetsheyini ezijikelezayo kufuneka lwenziwe kubushushu begumbi, oluhlala lubhekisa kubushushu obuphakathi obuyi-20℃±5℃. Lo mgangatho ubonelela ngeenkcukacha zobushushu obudibeneyo bovavanyo lobunzima kwimveliso yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuhlolwa komgangatho weetsheyini ezijikelezayo, okunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuthelekiswa kwezalathisi zobunzima beetsheyini ezijikelezayo eziveliswa ngabavelisi abahlukeneyo.
Umgangatho weSizwe: Umgangatho wesizwe waseTshayina i-GB/T 1243-2006 “Iitsheyini ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo kunye nezihlunu zokudlulisa” ikwacacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba uvavanyo lobunzima beetsheyini ezijikelezayo kufuneka lwenziwe kubushushu begumbi, obulawulwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-10℃ -35℃. Ukubekwa kolu luhlu lobushushu kuthathela ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo iimeko zemozulu kunye nemeko yemveliso yemizi-mveliso kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe lam, kwaye inokusebenza kakhulu kwaye iyasebenza.
(II) Iziphumo zophando lovavanyo
Impembelelo yobushushu kwiziphumo zovavanyo lokuqina: Ngenani elikhulu lezifundo zovavanyo, kufunyenwe ukuba ngaphakathi koluhlu lobushushu lwe-10℃-35℃, amaxabiso obunzima bezinto ezahlukeneyo zeroller chain aziguquguquki, kwaye impembelelo yotshintsho lobushushu kwiziphumo zovavanyo lokuqina incinci. Umzekelo, iqela lee-roller chain pins zeenkcukacha ezifanayo zavavanywa kwi-10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ kunye ne-35℃ ngokwahlukeneyo. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ngaphakathi koluhlu lobushushu lwe-10℃-35℃, uluhlu lokuguquguquka kwexabiso lokuqina kwepini ngokubanzi lungaphakathi kwe-±2HRC. Olu luhlu lokuguquguquka lungaphakathi koluhlu lweempazamo ezamkelekileyo kwaye aluyi kuba nefuthe elikhulu kumgwebo womgangatho kunye novavanyo lokusebenza kweroller chain.
Impembelelo yobushushu obugqitha uluhlu olufanelekileyo: Xa ubushushu buphantsi kwe-10℃, ubunzima bezinto zeroller chain buya kwanda kakhulu, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwisiphumo sovavanyo lobunzima obuphezulu kwaye igwebe kakubi umgangatho wobunzima beroller chain. Kwangaxeshanye, ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu bunokwenza izinto zeroller chain zibe buthathaka kwaye zibe nzima, zinciphise ukuqina kwazo, kwaye zivelise ngokulula imingxunya okanye ukwaphuka ngexesha lovavanyo lobunzima, nto leyo echaphazela inkqubela eqhelekileyo yovavanyo. Xa ubushushu buphezulu kune-35℃, ubunzima bezinto zeroller chain buya kuncipha kakhulu, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo ziya kuba ziphantsi, nto leyo engenakubonakalisa ngokwenene inqanaba lobunzima beroller chain. Ukongeza, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokukhawulezisa ukuguguleka kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto zeroller chain kwaye anciphise ubomi bazo benkonzo.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo okulawula ubushushu kuvavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain
Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo lokuqina kwe-roller chain, amanyathelo okulawula ubushushu asebenzayo kufuneka athathwe ngexesha lenkqubo yovavanyo lokwenyani:
(I) Ulawulo lobushushu obuphakathi
Ilabhoratri yovavanyo lobunzima kufuneka ixhotyiswe nge-air conditioner, izixhobo zobushushu obungaguqukiyo, njl.njl., ukulawula ngokungqongqo ubushushu obuphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo lwe-10℃-35℃. Ngaphambi kovavanyo, izixhobo zokulawula ubushushu kufuneka zivulwe kwangaphambili ukuze kuzinziswe ubushushu belebhu kwaye zigcine ubushushu buhlala bunjalo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kobushushu. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukuphepha ukwenza uvavanyo lobunzima elangeni ngqo, kufutshane nemithombo yobushushu okanye imingxunya yomoya, njl.njl., ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezinto zangaphandle ezingqongileyo kubushushu belebhu.
(II) Uhlengahlengiso lobushushu besampulu
Ngaphambi kokuba isampuli yeroller chain kwisixhobo sokuvavanya ubunzima ukuze ivavanywe, kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo yelabhoratri ixesha elithile ukuze ilinganise ubushushu bayo kunye nobushushu bendawo yelabhoratri. Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba isampuli ibekwe ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-2-3 ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu besampuli buyafana. Kwezinye iisampuli zeroller chain ezithathwe kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu okanye obuphantsi, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokukodwa ukulungiswa kobushushu ukuze kuthintelwe ukufuma okanye uxinzelelo lobushushu olubangelwa ngumahluko omkhulu phakathi kobushushu besampuli kunye nobushushu obuphakathi, obuya kuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima.
(III) Ukulinganiswa kobushushu bomvavanyi wobulukhuni
Umvavanyi wobulukhuni kufuneka ahlolwe rhoqo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokulinganisa phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobushushu. Umvavanyi wobulukhuni unokulinganiswa ngebhloko yobunzima obuqhelekileyo. Ixabiso lobulukhuni lebhloko yobunzima obuqhelekileyo lilinganiswe yintlangano enegunya kwaye linexabiso lobulukhuni elaziwayo kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo. Xa kulinganiswa umvavanyi wobulukhuni, ibhloko yobunzima obuqhelekileyo kunye nomvavanyi wobulukhuni kufuneka zibekwe kunye kubushushu obufanayo novavanyo lobulukhuni lwe-roller chain. Emva kokuba ubushushu bulinganisiwe, kufuneka kwenziwe umsebenzi wokulinganisa, kwaye indlela yokulinganisa encinci kunye nesalathiso somvavanyi wobulukhuni kufuneka zilungiswe ukuze iziphumo zokulinganisa zihambelane nexabiso lobulukhuni bebhloko yobunzima obuqhelekileyo. Ngokulinganiswa rhoqo kobushushu, impembelelo yotshintsho lobushushu ekuchanekeni kokulinganisa komvavanyi wobulukhuni inokupheliswa ngempumelelo, kwaye ukuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo lobulukhuni lwe-roller chain kunokuqinisekiswa.
5. Uhlalutyo lweTyala
Xa umenzi we-roller chain evelisa iqela lee-roller chain ezinamandla aphezulu, wayezilungisa ngokushushu kwaye azicubungule ngokungqongqo izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-roller chain ngokuhambelana neemfuno zenkqubo yemveliso. Kwikhonkco lokuhlola umgangatho wobulukhuni ngaphambi kokuba aphume kumzi-mveliso, ii-pins ze-roller chain zavavanywa ubulukhuni ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yolawulo lomgangatho wenkampani. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lovavanyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba amaxabiso obulukhuni bezinye ii-pin ayephantsi kunomda ophantsi weemfuno zoyilo, nto leyo eyatsala ingqalelo yenkampani.
Emva kophando oluneenkcukacha, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ngomhla wovavanyo lobunzima, ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo zomoya opholileyo kwilebhu, ubushushu obujikeleze umhlaba babuphezulu ukuya kuma-38°C, nto leyo eyadlula umlinganiselo wobushushu ofanelekileyo wovavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain. Inkampani yathatha amanyathelo ngoko nangoko okufudusela uvavanyo lobunzima kwenye ilabhoratri enobushushu obujikeleze umhlaba obuhlangabezana neemfuno (22°C) zokuvavanya kwakhona. Iziphumo zovavanyo kwakhona zibonise ukuba amaxabiso obunzima beepini ayekwiimfuno zoyilo kwaye ahlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho. Oku kubonisa ukuba imeko-bume yobushushu obuphezulu ibangele ukuphambuka kweziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ixabiso lobunzima beepini lithathwe kancinci. Eli tyala libonisa ukubaluleka kolawulo lobushushu kuvavanyo lobunzima beepini. Kuphela ngokwenza uvavanyo lobunzima ngaphakathi komlinganiselo wobushushu ofanelekileyo apho ukunyaniseka nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo kungaqinisekiswa, ukugwetywa gwenxa komgangatho okubangelwa zizinto zobushushu kunokuphetshwa, kwaye umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso zeepini ze-roller kungaqinisekiswa.
6. Isiphelo
Uluhlu lobushushu olufanelekileyo lovavanyo lokuqina kwe-roller chain yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo. Impembelelo yobushushu kwiimvavanyo zokuqina kwe-roller chain ibonakala kakhulu kutshintsho kwisakhiwo sezinto, ukuchaneka komvavanyi wokuqina, kunye nokwandiswa kobushushu bezinto ze-roller chain. Ngokwemimiselo yemigangatho efanelekileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kophando lovavanyo, i-10℃-35℃ ithathwa njengoluhlu lobushushu olufanelekileyo lovavanyo lokuqina kwe-roller chain. Ukwenza uvavanyo lokuqina ngaphakathi kolu luhlu lobushushu kunokunciphisa impembelelo yobushushu kwiziphumo zovavanyo kwaye kubonelele ngesiseko esithembekileyo sokuhlolwa komgangatho kunye novavanyo lokusebenza kwe-roller chain.
Kwinkqubo yovavanyo lokuqina kwe-roller chain, amashishini kunye nee-arhente zokuhlola umgangatho kufuneka zilandele ngokungqongqo iimfuno ezisemgangathweni kwaye zithathe amanyathelo okulawula ubushushu asebenzayo, kubandakanya ulawulo lobushushu obungqongileyo, uhlengahlengiso lobushushu besampulu, kunye nokulinganiswa kobushushu bovavanyo lobunzima, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuqonda okunzulu kwendlela yempembelelo yobushushu kuvavanyo lokuqina kwe-roller chain kuya kunceda ukuphucula ngakumbi iindlela neenkqubo zovavanyo lobunzima, ukuphucula umgangatho wolawulo lweemveliso ze-roller chain, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso olusempilweni lweshishini le-roller chain.
Ngamafutshane, uluhlu lobushushu olufanelekileyo lovavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain yingxaki ekufuneka ixatyiswe kakhulu. Kuphela ngokwenza uvavanyo lobunzima phantsi kweemeko zobushushu ezifanelekileyo apho ukusebenza kobunzima be-roller chain kungabonakaliswa ngokwenene kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo okuthembekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kuqinisekiswa. Kwixesha elizayo, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi yezinto kunye netekhnoloji yokuvavanya, sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba uphando malunga nobushushu bovavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain luya kuba nzulu kwaye luchaneke ngakumbi, lubonelele ngenkxaso yobugcisa enamandla ngakumbi yokuhlolwa komgangatho kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kwe-roller chains.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-28-2025