Inkqubo yokuLinganisa iRoller Chain: Icandelo eliPhambili eliQinisekisa ukuthembeka koThumelo
Kwicandelo lothumelo lwemizi-mveliso,imixokelelwane yerollerzizinto ezibalulekileyo zokudlulisa amandla kunye nokuhamba, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko loomatshini bonke. Ukusuka ekudlulisweni okunzima kumatshini wemigodi ukuya ekuqhutyweni ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo zoomatshini abachanekileyo, ukusuka kwimisebenzi yasentsimini kumatshini wezolimo ukuya ekudlulisweni kwamandla kwiinjini zeemoto, iiroller chain zihlala zidlala indima "yebhulorho yamandla." Kwimveliso yeeroller chain, ukufudumala, inyathelo eliphambili kwinkqubo yonyango lobushushu, kufana nenyathelo elibalulekileyo "eliguqula ilitye libe yigolide," lichaza ngokuthe ngqo amandla eroller, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye nobomi benkonzo.
1. Kutheni ukuthambisa umzimba “kuyimfuneko” ekwenzeni iiroller chain?
Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe ngenkqubo yokuthambisa, kufuneka siqale sicacise: Kutheni kubalulekile ukuthambisa i-roller chain? Oku kuqala ngokucutshungulwa kwezinto eziphambili ze-chain: ii-roller, ii-bushings, ii-pins, kunye nee-link plates. Emva kokwenziwa, izinto ze-key roller chain zihlala zihamba nenkqubo yokuthambisa: i-workpiece ifudunyezwa ngaphezu kobushushu obubalulekileyo (ngesiqhelo i-820-860°C), igcinwe kuloo bushushu ixesha elithile, ize ipholiswe ngokukhawuleza (umz., emanzini okanye kwi-oyile) ukuguqula isakhiwo sangaphakathi sesinyithi sibe yi-martensite. Ngelixa ukuthambisa kwandisa kakhulu ubunzima be-workpiece (kufikelela kwi-HRC 58-62), kukwabonisa ingxaki ebalulekileyo: uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluphezulu kakhulu kunye nokuqhekeka, okwenza ukuba ithambekele ekuqhekekeni phantsi kokuthuthumela okanye ukungcangcazela. Khawuthelekelele usebenzisa i-roller chain ecinyiweyo ngqo ukuze idluliselwe. Ukusilela okufana nokuqhekeka kwe-pin kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-roller kunokwenzeka ngexesha lomthwalo wokuqala, kunye nemiphumo emibi.
Inkqubo yokufutha ijongana nomba "onzima kodwa obuthathaka" emva kokufutha. Isixhobo sokusebenza esicinyiweyo siyafudunyezwa sifikelele kubushushu obungaphantsi kobushushu obubalulekileyo (ngesiqhelo yi-150-350°C), sigcinwe kuloo bushushu ixesha elithile, size sipholile kancinci. Le nkqubo ilungisa ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwesinyithi ukuze kufezekiswe ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo phakathi kobunzima kunye nokuqina. Kwimixokelelwane yeroller, ukufutha kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili:
Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi: Ikhulula uxinzelelo lolwakhiwo nobushushu oluvela ngexesha lokucima, ithintela ukuguquka nokuqhekeka kwindawo yokusebenza ngenxa yoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa;
Lungisa iipropati zoomatshini: Lungisa umlinganiselo wobunzima, amandla, kunye nokuqina ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zesicelo—umzekelo, iitsheyini zoomatshini bokwakha zifuna ukuqina okuphezulu, ngelixa iitsheyini zokuhambisa ngokuchanekileyo zifuna ukuqina okuphezulu;
Zinzisa ulwakhiwo lwe-microstructure kunye nobukhulu: Zinzisa ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwesinyithi ukuthintela ukuguquguquka kobukhulu betsheyini okubangelwa kukutshintsha kolwakhiwo lwe-microstructure ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, okunokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokudluliselwa.
II. Iiparameters eziphambili kunye neeNdawo zoLawulo zeNkqubo yokuTshisa iRoller Chain
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokulinganisa kuxhomekeke kulawulo oluchanekileyo lweeparameter ezintathu eziphambili: ubushushu, ixesha, kunye nesantya sokupholisa. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeparameter zinokuvelisa iziphumo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Inkqubo yokulinganisa kufuneka ilungiselelwe izinto ezahlukeneyo zeroller chain (iirola, ii-bushings, iiphini, kunye neepleyiti) ngenxa yeempawu zazo zomthwalo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.
1. Ubushushu bokuTshisa: "Iqhosha eliyiNtloko" loLawulo lokuSebenza
Ubushushu bokuthambisa yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukusebenza kokugqibela kwesixhobo sokusebenza. Njengoko ubushushu busanda, ubulukhuni besixhobo sokusebenza buyancipha kwaye ubulukhuni baso buyanda. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo se-roller chain, amaqondo obushushu okuthambisa ngokubanzi ahlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukufudumala okuphantsi kobushushu (150-250°C): Ngokuyintloko isetyenziselwa izinto ezifuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, ezifana neerola kunye nee-bushings. Ukufudumala okuphantsi kobushushu kugcina ubulukhuni bomsebenzi be-HRC 55-60 ngelixa kususa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizicelo zokusasaza ezisebenzisa rhoqo, ezingenampembelelo ingako (ezifana nee-spindle drives zezixhobo zomatshini).
Ukufudumala okuphakathi kobushushu (300-450°C): Ifanelekile kwizinto ezifuna amandla aphezulu kunye nokuthamba, ezifana neepini kunye neepleyiti zetsheyini. Emva kokufudumala okuphakathi kobushushu, ubunzima be-workpiece buyehla buye kwi-HRC 35-45, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu amandla ayo okuvelisa kunye nomda we-elastic, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima (umz., koomatshini bokwakha kunye nezixhobo zemigodi).
Ukufudumala okushushu okuphezulu (500-650°C): Ayisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo ze-core roller chain, isetyenziswa kuphela kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo kwiindawo ezincedisayo ezifuna ukuqina okuphezulu. Kobu bushushu, ubunzima buyancitshiswa ngakumbi (HRC 25-35), kodwa ukuqina kwempembelelo kuphucuka kakhulu.
Amanqaku Aphambili Olawulo: Ukufana kobushushu ngaphakathi kwesithando sokufudumala kubalulekile, umahluko wobushushu ulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-±5°C. Ubushushu obungalinganiyo bunokukhokelela kwiinguqu ezinkulu zokusebenza ngaphakathi kweqela elifanayo lezinto zokusebenza. Umzekelo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu kwiindawo ezijikelezayo anokubangela "amabala athambileyo," anciphise ukumelana nokuguguleka. Amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu anokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni.
2. Ixesha Lokulinganisa: "Imeko Eyaneleyo" Yokuguqula Izinto Ezincinci
Ixesha lokupholisa kufuneka liqinisekise utshintsho olwaneleyo lwesakhiwo ngaphakathi kwesixhobo sokusebenza ngelixa kuthintelwa ukuwohloka kokusebenza okubangelwa kukufudumala okugqithisileyo. Ixesha elifutshane kakhulu lithintela ukukhululwa ngokupheleleyo koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, okubangela utshintsho olungaphelelanga lwesakhiwo kunye nokuqina okungonelanga. Ixesha elide kakhulu lonyusa iindleko zemveliso kwaye linokukhokelela ekunciphiseni kakhulu ubunzima. Ixesha lokupholisa izixhobo zeroller chain ngokubanzi limiselwa bubukhulu besixhobo sokusebenza kunye nomthwalo wesithando somlilo:
Izinto ezinodonga olubhityileyo (ezifana neepleyiti zetsheyini, ubukhulu obuyi-3-8mm): Ixesha lokupholisa ngokubanzi liyiyure eli-1-2;
Izinto ezinodonga oluqinileyo (ezifana neerola kunye neephini, ububanzi obuyi-10-30mm): Ixesha lokupholisa kufuneka landiswe liye kwiiyure ezi-2-4;
Kwimithwalo emikhulu yesithando somlilo, ixesha lokufudumala kufuneka lonyuswe nge-10%-20% ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kobushushu ngokulinganayo embindini wesixhobo somsebenzi.
Amanqaku Aphambili Okulawula: Ukusebenzisa indlela "yokunyuswa kobushushu obuhamba ngenyathelo" kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu—okokuqala kunyuse ubushushu besithando bufikelele kwi-80% yobushushu ekujoliswe kubo, bubambe imizuzu engama-30, uze emva koko bunyuse bufikelele kubushushu ekujoliswe kubo ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo olutsha lobushushu kwindawo yokusebenza ngenxa yokunyuka kobushushu ngokukhawuleza.
3. Izinga Lokupholisa: "Umgca Wokugqibela Wokuzikhusela" Wokusebenza Okuzinzileyo
Izinga lokupholisa emva kokupholisa linempembelelo encinci ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo zomsebenzi, kodwa kusafuneka lilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukupholisa umoya (ukupholisa kwendalo) okanye ukupholisa i-furnace (ukupholisa i-furnace) kudla ngokusetyenziswa:
Emva kokupholisa umoya ophantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukunciphisa ubushushu ngokukhawuleza ukuya kubushushu begumbi kwaye kuthintelwe ukuvezwa ixesha elide kubushushu obuphakathi, okunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni bubunzima.
Ukuba kufuneka ukuqina okuphezulu emva kokushisa okuphakathi, ukupholisa i-furnace kungasetyenziswa. Inkqubo yokupholisa kancinci iphucula ngakumbi ubungakanani bengqolowa kwaye iphucula ukumelana nempembelelo.
Amanqaku Aphambili Olawulo: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa, kubalulekile ukuphepha ukudibana okungalinganiyo phakathi komphezulu we-workpiece nomoya, okunokukhokelela ekufakweni kwe-oxidation okanye ekususweni kwe-carburization. Iigesi ezikhuselayo ezifana ne-nitrogen zinokufakwa kwisithando sokufudumala, okanye ii-anti-oxidation coatings zingafakwa kumphezulu we-workpiece ukuqinisekisa umgangatho womphezulu.
III. Iingxaki kunye nezisombululo zokuThintela iiRoller Chain eziqhelekileyo
Nokuba iiparameter eziphambili ziyaqondwa, imiba yomgangatho wokulinganisa isenokwenzeka kwimveliso yokwenyani ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezixhobo, ukusebenza, okanye izinto. Ezi zilandelayo zezona ngxaki zine zixhaphakileyo ezifunyanwa ngexesha lokulinganisa i-roller chain kunye nezisombululo zazo ezifanelekileyo:
1. Ubunzima obunganelanga okanye obungalinganiyo
Iimpawu: Ubulukhuni be-workpiece buphantsi kuneemfuno zoyilo (umz., ubulukhuni be-roller abufikeleli kwi-HRC 55), okanye umahluko wobulukhuni phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo e-workpiece efanayo udlula i-HRC 3. Izizathu:
Ubushushu bokuthomalalisa buphezulu kakhulu okanye ixesha lokubamba lide kakhulu;
Ukusasazwa kobushushu besithando somlilo obushushu akulunganga;
Izinga lokupholisa izinto zokusebenza emva kokucima alanelanga, nto leyo ebangela ukwakheka kwe-martensite engaphelelanga.
Izisombululo:
Linganisa i-thermocouple yesithando somlilo esishushu, ujonge rhoqo ukusasazwa kobushushu ngaphakathi kwesithando, kwaye utshintshe iityhubhu zokufudumeza ezindala;
Lawula ngokungqongqo ubushushu kunye nexesha ngokwephepha lenkqubo kwaye usebenzise ukubamba okucwangcisiweyo;
Lungiselela inkqubo yokucima nokupholisa ukuqinisekisa ukupholisa okukhawulezayo nokulinganayo kwesixhobo somsebenzi.
2. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi alupheli, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni ngexesha lokusetyenziswa
Iimpawu: Ngexesha lokufakelwa kokuqala nokusetyenziswa kwetsheyini, iphini okanye ipleyiti yetsheyini inokuqhekeka ngaphandle kwesilumkiso, ize iqhekeke kancinci.
Izizathu:
Ubushushu bokuthomalalisa buphantsi kakhulu okanye ixesha lokubamba lifutshane kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukukhululwa okungonelanga koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi;
Isixhobo somsebenzi asinyamezelwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokucima (ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24), nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqokeleleni koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Isisombululo:
Ngokufanelekileyo yonyusa ubushushu bokufudumeza ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bezinto zokusebenza (umz., ukusuka kwi-300°C ukuya kwi-320°C kwiiphini) kwaye wandise ixesha lokubamba.
Emva kokucima, umsebenzi kufuneka utshintshwe zingadlulanga iiyure ezi-4 ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqokelelana koxinzelelo ixesha elide.
Sebenzisa inkqubo "yokuthambisa okwesibini" kwizinto eziphambili (emva kokuthambisa kokuqala, zipholise ukuya kubushushu begumbi uze uphinde uzithambise kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu) ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.
3. Ukukhupha i-oxidation kumphezulu kunye nokususa i-carburization
Iimpawu: Kuvela isikali se-oxide esingwevu-mnyama kumphezulu wezinto zokusebenza, okanye umvavanyi wobunzima ubonisa ukuba ubunzima bomphezulu buphantsi kunobunzima obuphambili (umaleko wokususa i-carburization ungaphezulu kwe-0.1mm ubukhulu).
Isizathu:
Umoya omninzi kwisithando sokufudumala ubangela ukusabela phakathi kwesixhobo somsebenzi kunye neoksijini.
Ixesha eligqithisileyo lokufudumala libangela ukuba ikhabhoni isasazeke kwaye iphele kumphezulu. Isisombululo: Sebenzisa isithando sokufudumala esivaliweyo esinomoya okhuselayo we-nitrogen okanye i-hydrogen ukulawula umxholo we-oksijini kwisithando ube ngaphantsi kwe-0.5%. Nciphisa ixesha elingeyomfuneko lokufudumala kwaye ulungise indlela yokulayisha isithando ukuze uphephe ukupakisha kakhulu izinto zokusebenza. Kwizinto zokusebenza eziye zanyibilika kancinci, yenza ukudubula emva kokufudumala ukuze ususe isikali somphezulu.
4. Ukuguqulwa koBume
Iimpawu: Ukujiya okugqithisileyo kwe-roller (okungaphezulu kwe-0.05mm) okanye imingxunya ye-chain plate engalungelelananga kakuhle.
Isizathu: Amazinga okufudumeza okanye okupholisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu avelisa uxinzelelo lobushushu olukhokelela ekuguqukeni.
Ukubekwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kwezinto zokusebenza ngexesha lokufakwa kwesithando somlilo kubangela uxinzelelo olungalinganiyo.
Isisombululo: Sebenzisa ubushushu obucothayo (50°C/iyure) kunye nokupholisa okucothayo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu.
Yila izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi uhlala ukhululekile ngexesha lokufudumala ukuze kuthintelwe ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo.
Kwiindawo ezichanekileyo kakhulu, yongeza inyathelo lokuzilungisa emva kokuzilungisa, usebenzisa ukuzolula uxinzelelo okanye unyango lobushushu ukulungisa ubungakanani.
IV. Uvavanyo loMgangatho weNkqubo yokuLinganisa kunye neekhrayitheriya zoKwamkelwa
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zeroller chain ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza emva kokulungiswa, kufuneka kusekwe inkqubo yokuhlola umgangatho ebanzi, eqhuba uhlolo olupheleleyo kuzo zonke iinkalo ezine: inkangeleko, ubulukhuni, iimpawu zoomatshini, kunye nesakhiwo esincinci.
1. Ukuhlolwa kweNkangeleko
Umxholo wokuhlolwa: Iziphene zomphezulu ezifana nobukhulu, imifantu, kunye nokuqhekeka.
Indlela Yokuhlola: Ukuhlola ngokubonakalayo okanye ukuhlola ngeglasi yokukhulisa (ukukhulisa kalishumi).
Iikhrayitheriya zoKwamkelwa: Akukho bukhulu bubonakalayo, imifantu, okanye amaqhuma kumphezulu, kunye nombala ofanayo.
2. Ukuhlolwa koBulukhuni
Umxholo wokuhlolwa: Ubulukhuni bomphezulu kunye nobulukhuni obufanayo.
Indlela Yokuhlola: Sebenzisa isixhobo sokuvavanya ubunzima beRockwell (HRC) ukuvavanya ubunzima bomphezulu weerola kunye neepini. I-5% yezinto zokusebenza ezivela kwibhetshi nganye zithathwa ngokungacwangciswanga, kwaye iindawo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo kwindawo nganye yokusebenza ziyahlolwa.
Iikhrayitheriya zoKwamkelwa:
Iirola kunye neebhushi: HRC 55-60, kunye nomahluko wobunzima obuyi-≤ HRC3 ngaphakathi kwebhetshi enye.
Ipleyiti yePin kunye neTyathanga: HRC 35-45, kunye nomahluko wobunzima obuyi-≤ HRC2 ngaphakathi kwebhetshi enye. 3. Uvavanyo lweePropati zoMatshini
Umxholo woVavanyo: Amandla okuxinana, ukuqina kwempembelelo;
Indlela yoVavanyo: Iisampuli ezisemgangathweni zilungiswa kwibhetshi enye yezinto zokusebenza kwikota nganye ukuze kuvavanywe ukuxinana (GB/T 228.1) kunye novavanyo lwempembelelo (GB/T 229);
Iikhrayitheriya zoKwamkelwa:
Amandla okuThamba: Iiphini ≥ 800 MPa, Iitsheyini ≥ 600 MPa;
Ukuqina kwempembelelo: Iiphini ≥ 30 J/cm², Iitsheyini ≥ 25 J/cm².
4. Uvavanyo lweMicrostructure
Umxholo woVavanyo: Ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lufana ne-martensite ethambileyo kunye ne-bainite ethambileyo;
Indlela yoVavanyo: Amacandelo anqamlezileyo esixhobo sokusebenza ayasikwa, acoliwe, aze akrolwe, aze ajongwe kusetyenziswa imakroskopu ye-metallographic (ukwandiswa okuphindwe ka-400);
Iikhrayitheriya zoKwamkelwa: Ulwakhiwo olufanayo olungenazo iikhabhayithi zenethiwekhi okanye iinkozo ezirhabaxa, kunye nobukhulu bomaleko ohlulwe iikhabhayithi obuyi-≤ 0.05 mm.
V. Iindlela Zoshishino: Isikhokelo Sophuhliso Lweenkqubo Zokuthomalalisa Ezikrelekrele
Ngokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwetekhnoloji ye-Industry 4.0, iinkqubo zokulinganisa ii-roller chain ziyaphuhliswa zijolise kwiinkqubo ezikrelekrele, ezichanekileyo, neziluhlaza. Ezi zilandelayo ziindlela ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
1. Inkqubo yoLawulo loBushushu obukrelekrele
Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-Intanethi yezinto (i-IoT), iiseti ezininzi ze-thermocouples ezichanekileyo kakhulu kunye nee-infrared tempering sensors zifakwa ngaphakathi kwesithando sokufudumala ukuze kuqokelelwe idatha yobushushu bexesha langempela. Ngokusebenzisa ii-algorithms ze-AI, amandla okufudumeza alungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze kufezekiswe ukuchaneka kolawulo lobushushu ngaphakathi kwe-±2°C. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo irekhoda i-tempering curve yebhetshi nganye yezinto zokusebenza, idala irekhodi yomgangatho onokulandeleka.
2. Ukulinganisa Inkqubo yeDijithali
Ukusebenzisa isoftware yohlalutyo lwezinto ezilinganiselweyo (njenge-ANSYS), amasimi obushushu kunye noxinzelelo lomsebenzi ngexesha lokulinganisa alinganiswa ukuze kuqikelelwe ukuguquguquka okunokwenzeka kunye nokusebenza okungalinganiyo, ngaloo ndlela kulungiswa iiparameter zenkqubo. Umzekelo, ukulinganisa kunokumisela ixesha elifanelekileyo lokulinganisa kwimodeli ethile yeroller, kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle nge-30% xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zendabuko zokuvavanya kunye neempazamo.
3. Iinkqubo zoLondolozo lweNdalo kunye nezokonga amandla
Ukuphuhlisa iteknoloji yokupholisa ubushushu obuphantsi, obufutshane, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kobushushu kunye namandla ngokongeza i-catalyst. Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokubuyisela ubushushu obumdaka ukuze kusetyenziswe kwakhona ubushushu obuvela kwigesi yokukhupha ubushushu obuphezulu ekhutshwa kwisithando sokupholisa ubushushu ukuze kufudunyezwe izinto zokusebenza, nto leyo egcina amandla angaphezu kwama-20%. Ngaphezu koko, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweengubo ezichasene ne-oxidation ezinyibilikayo emanzini njengendlela eyahlukileyo kwiingubo zemveli ezisekelwe kwioyile kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-VOC.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-08-2025