Ulawulo Lomgangatho kwiMveliso yeRoller Chain

Ulawulo Lomgangatho Kwimveliso YeeRoller Chain: Umgca Oyintloko Wokuzikhusela Ekuqiniseni Ukhuphiswano Lwemveliso

Kwicandelo lothumelo lwemizi-mveliso,imixokelelwane yerollerzizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuhambisa amandla kunye nokuhamba. Umgangatho wazo umisela ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo lokusebenza, ubomi benkonzo, kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso yezixhobo zoomatshini. Kumashishini orhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, iiroller chain ezikumgangatho ophezulu azisiso nje kuphela isiseko sokufumana ukuqatshelwa kwemarike yamazwe ngamazwe kodwa zikwasisitshixo sokwakha ukuthembana kwabathengi ixesha elide. Ukususela kumzuzu izinto eziluhlaza zingena kumzi-mveliso ukuya kwimveliso yokugqibela ithunyelwa kubathengi behlabathi, ulawulo lomgangatho kuwo onke amanqanaba emveliso lubaluleke njengegiya zesixhobo esichanekileyo—lonke ikhonkco lidibene kwaye libalulekile. Eli nqaku liza kujonga kwiindawo eziphambili zomgangatho kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa iroller chain, libonelele ngokuqonda okubanzi kwendlela ulawulo olucwangcisiweyo olunokusetyenziswa ngayo ukudala iiroller chain ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye zijongane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo.

I. Ulawulo Lomthombo: Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezingavulwanga—Umda Wokuqala Womgangatho

Ukusebenza kunye nobomi benkonzo yee-roller chains buxhomekeke kakhulu kwinqanaba lokukhetha izinto eziluhlaza. Nokuba kusetyenzwa ngokuchanekileyo, izinto eziluhlaza eziphantsi aziyi kuvelisa imveliso efanelekileyo kwaye zinokubangela iingxaki zee-chain kwizigaba ezilandelayo zemveliso, nto leyo enyusa iindleko. Simisele inkqubo engqongqo "yokukwazi ukufikelela-ukuhlolwa-ukulandelela" yokujonga izinto eziluhlaza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke ibhetshi yezinto eziluhlaza ihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (njenge-ISO, i-ANSI, i-DIN, njl.njl.) kwaye ihlangabezana neemfuno ezenzelwe wena.

1. Ukhetho Oluchanekileyo Lwezixhobo Eziphambili

Izinto eziphambili ze-roller chain ziquka iipleyiti ze-chain, ii-roller, ii-bushings, ii-pins, kunye nee-washers. Iimfuno zezinto ezibonakalayo zecandelo ngalinye ziyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zomthwalo wazo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza:

Iipleyiti zetyathanga: Njengezinto eziphambili ezithwala amandla okutsalwa, kufuneka zibe namandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokudinwa okugqwesileyo. Sikhetha iintsimbi zesakhiwo ze-alloy ze-20Mn2 okanye ze-30Mn2. Emva kokucinywa nokuthomalaliswa, ezi ntsimbi zinokufikelela kumandla okutsalwa angaphezulu kwe-800MPa, zikwazi ukumelana ngempumelelo nokuqhekeka kokudinwa okubangelwa yimithwalo etshintshanayo ixesha elide kwaye zifanelekile kwizicelo ezinamandla aphezulu ezifana noomatshini bokwakha kunye nezixhobo zemigodi.

Iphini kunye ne-bushing: Ezi zenza isibini esijikelezayo seekhonkco ze-chain kwaye zifuna ukuchasana okuhle kokuguguleka kunye nokuchasana nempembelelo. Intsimbi eqinileyo ye-20CrMnTi idla ngokusetyenziswa. Ngokusebenzisa i-carburizing kunye ne-quenching, ubunzima bomphezulu bunokufikelela kwi-HRC58-62, ngelixa umbindi ugcina ukuqina okuthile ukuthintela ukuguguleka okanye ukwaphuka ngexesha lokujikeleza okuphezulu.

Iirola: Ezi zidibana ngqo nee-sprockets kwaye zifuna ukumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kakhulu kunye nokuthamba komphezulu. Intsimbi ye-10# okanye ye-20# isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Unyango lwe-carbonitriding lonyusa ubulukhuni bomphezulu ngelixa luqinisekisa ukulingana okuchanekileyo phakathi kodonga lwangaphakathi kunye nesleeve, kunciphisa ukungqubana ngexesha lokusebenza.

2. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezinto eziluhlaza ezingenayo

Ibhetshi nganye yezinto eziluhlaza ezingenayo ivavanywa kakhulu elebhu ngaphambi kokuba ihanjiswe ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba izinto ezingafanelekiyo zingangeni kwinkqubo yemveliso:

Uvavanyo loBume: Iispectrometer zokufunda ngokuthe ngqo zisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya ngokuchanekileyo ubume beekhemikhali zentsimbi ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo wezinto ezifana nekhabhoni, i-manganese, i-chromium, kunye ne-titanium uyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni, okuthintela ukuwohloka kweempawu zezinto ngenxa yokuphambuka kobume.

Uvavanyo lwePropati yoMechanical: Oomatshini bokuvavanya ukuxinana kunye nokuchaphazela basetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amandla okuxinana kwentsimbi, amandla okuvelisa, ukunwebeka, kunye nokuqina kwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zayo zoomatshini ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokucubungula nokusetyenziswa kwayo okulandelayo. Inkangeleko kunye nokuhlolwa kobukhulu: Izinto ezikrwada zihlolwa ngononophelo ukuze kujongwe ukugqitywa komphezulu, ukuphambuka kobubanzi, kunye nokuthe tye ukuthintela iziphene zomphezulu okanye iimpazamo zobukhulu ekuchaphazeleni ukuchaneka kokucubungula okulandelayo.

Ulawulo lweMthombo: Ibhetshi nganye yezinto ezikrwada inikwe ikhowudi eyahlukileyo yokulandelela, ebhala phantsi ulwazi lomthengisi, iingxelo zokuhlolwa, kunye nexesha lokufika. Oku kuqinisekisa ukulandelelwa ngokukhawuleza kwemiba yomgangatho kwaye kuvumela uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo kwizicwangciso zobudlelwane bomthengisi.

II. Ulawulo lweNkqubo: Inkqubo yeMveliso – “Injini ephambili” yoMgangatho

Ukuveliswa kweroller chain kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, kuquka ukubumba, ukunyathela, unyango lobushushu, kunye nokuhlanganisa. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lweeparamitha zenkqubo kwinqanaba ngalinye luchaphazela ngqo umgangatho wokugqibela wemveliso. Ngokusebenzisa ukuhamba kweenkqubo ezimiselweyo, ukujonga izixhobo ngobuchule, kunye nolawulo olucokisekileyo lwabasebenzi, sifikelela kulawulo olupheleleyo kwinkqubo yemveliso, siqinisekisa ukuba yonke imveliso iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho.

1. Umatshini Wokuchwetheza Ngobuchule: Ukulawula Ubukhulu Nokuchwetheza Ngobuchule
Ukunyathela iipleyiti zeTyathanga: Oomatshini bokubhoboza ngesantya esiphezulu basetyenziselwa ukunyathela iipleyiti zentsimbi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kwendawo yomngxuma wepleyiti yetyathanga kunye nokuphambuka kwepitch kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-±0.05mm. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwesikhunta kunye nokutshintshwa (ukuhlolwa kokuguguleka kwesikhunta rhoqo emva kwe-100,000 stampings) kuthintela ukuphambuka kobukhulu bepleyiti yetyathanga okubangelwa kukuguguleka kwesikhunta. Emva kokunyathela, iipleyiti zetyathanga ziyasuswa kusetyenziswa i-vibration grinder ukususa ii-burrs kwimingxunya kunye nemiphetho ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu uthambile kwaye uthintele imikrwelo kwezinye izinto ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa.

Umatshini wePin, i-sleeve, kunye ne-roller: Ii-lathe ze-CNC zisetyenziselwa ukujika ngokuchanekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunyamezelana kobubanzi be-pin kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le-H6 (uluhlu lokunyamezelana ±0.011mm), kwaye ukunyamezelana kobubanzi bangaphakathi nobangaphandle be-sleeve kunye ne-roller kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le-H7. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo eziphakathi kwezinto ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo (ngesiqhelo yi-0.01-0.03mm). Emva kokujika, ububanzi bangaphandle be-pin kunye ne-roller buyagaywa kusetyenziswa i-grinder engenaziko ukuphucula ngakumbi uburhabaxa bomphezulu (Ra ≤ 0.8μm) kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kokungqubana ngexesha lokusebenza.

2. Unyango lobushushu: Iipropati zezinto eziphuculweyo
Unyango lobushushu linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuculeni iimpawu zoomatshini zezixhobo zeroller chain. Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zifuna iinkqubo zonyango lobushushu ezijolise kuzo ukuqinisekisa ukulingana kobunzima, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka:
Unyango lobushushu bepleyiti yetsheyini: Ukucima kunye nokufudumala okuphezulu kwenziwa kwisithando somlilo esiqhubekayo sokucima kunye nokufudumala. Ubushushu bokucima bulawulwa kwi-880-920°C, kwaye ubushushu bokufudumala bulawulwa kwi-560-600°C. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ipleyiti yetsheyini ifikelela kubunzima be-HRC28-32, inika amandla aneleyo ngelixa igcina ukuqina okuhle ukuze kuthintelwe ukwaphuka okubuthathaka phantsi koxinzelelo lokuxinana. Unyango lobushushu lwephini kunye nesleeve: Kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokucima i-carburizing kunye nokufudumala okuphantsi. Ubushushu be-carburizing buyi-900-930°C, kwaye ixesha lokubamba lihlengahlengiswa ngokobukhulu becandelo (ngokubanzi iiyure ezi-2-4). Oku kuqinisekisa ubunzulu bomaleko we-carburing obuyi-0.8-1.2mm. Ubushushu bokucima buyi-850-870°C, kwaye ubushushu bokufudumala obuphantsi buyi-180-200°C. Ubunzima bokugqibela bomphezulu bufikelela kwi-HRC 58-62, kwaye ubunzima obuphambili bufikelela kwi-HRC 30-35, nto leyo efikelela kokubini kukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokuchasana nempembelelo.
Unyango lobushushu be-roller: I-Carbonitriding isetyenziswa kubushushu obuyi-850-880°C kunye nexesha lokubamba leeyure ezi-3-5. Oku kudala umaleko we-compound oqinileyo, onganyangekiyo (ubukhulu obuyi-0.01-0.03mm) kumphezulu we-roller, ophucula ukulingana phakathi kodonga lwangaphakathi kunye ne-sleeve kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokubanjwa ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukubeka iliso kuMgangatho woNyango loBushushu: Iqela ngalinye lezinto eziphathwe ngobushushu livavanywa ubunzima (kusetyenziswa i-Rockwell okanye i-Vickers hardness tester), uvavanyo lobunzulu beleyara ye-carburised (kusetyenziswa i-metallographic microscope), kunye novavanyo lokuguquguquka (kusetyenziswa i-dial indicator okanye i-micrometer) ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zonyango lobushushu ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho. Ngaphezu koko, uvavanyo lokufana kobushushu be-furnace (ngekota nganye) luqinisekisa ukuba ukuphambuka kobushushu ngaphakathi kwe-furnace yonyango lobushushu akudluli kwi-±5°C ngaphakathi kwendawo nganye ukuthintela ukuhluka kokusebenza kwecandelo okubangelwa kukutshintsha kobushushu.

3. Ukuhlanganiswa: Ukuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa ngokubanzi

Ukudibanisa linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekudibaniseni izinto zibe yiroller chain epheleleyo, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kwepitch yeroller chain, ukuguquguquka kwayo, kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwayo.

Ukucocwa kweCandelo: Ngaphambi kokuba kuhlanganiswe, zonke izinto ziyacocwa nge-ultrasound ukususa ioyile yomphezulu, ukungcola, kunye nesikali, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu ucocekile kwaye kuthintelwe ukungcola ukuba kungabangela ukuxhuzula okanye ukuguguleka okwandileyo.

Ukudibanisa ngokuchanekileyo: Umatshini wokudibanisa ityathanga oluzenzekelayo olupheleleyo usetyenziselwa ukudibanisa. I-servo motor ilawula amandla kunye nobunzulu bokucinezela kwepini, iqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezifanayo phakathi kwepini, i-bushing, kunye ne-roller, kwaye ilawula ukuphambuka kwepitshi ngaphakathi kwe-±0.1mm. Kwiityathanga ezinkulu (i-pitch ≥ 25.4mm), kusetyenziswa ukuhlanganisa ngesandla. Uvavanyo lwepitshi lwenziwa rhoqo emva kwe-10 links, okuvumela ukulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kweeparameter zokuhlanganisa.

Uxinzelelo lwangaphambi koxinzelelo lweTyayini: Emva kokuhlanganiswa, itsheyini yolulwa kwangaphambili ngoxinzelelo olulingana ne-30%-50% yoxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo kangangeyure eli-1-2 ukuze kupheliswe ukuguquguquka kokuqala kwe-elastic, kuqinisekiswe uzinzo lwepitch, kwaye kuncitshiswe ubude ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwangempela.

Ukuhlolwa kweNkangeleko: Emva kokuhlanganiswa, itsheyini ihlolwa ngokupheleleyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iipleyiti zekhonkco azinazo iinguqu okanye imifantu, iiphini azikhululekanga okanye ziphuma, iirola zijikeleza ngokukhululekileyo, kwaye umphezulu weseyini awunamikrwelo, umhlwa, nezinye iziphene.

III. Ukuhlolwa kweMveliso egqityiweyo: Uhlolo olupheleleyo – “Umgca wokugqibela wokhuselo” woMgangatho

Nokuba emva kokukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza okungqongqo kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo, ukuhlolwa kwemveliso egqityiweyo kusaqhubeka njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umgangatho we-roller chain uyahlangabezana nemigangatho. Simisele inkqubo yokuhlola imveliso egqityiweyo enamacala amaninzi egubungela iipropati zomzimba, ukuchaneka kwejometri, kunye nokusebenza. Yonke imveliso ivavanywa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ayikhululwa ide iphumelele ukuhlolwa.

1. Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Komzimba
Uvavanyo Lokuqina Kokutsalwa: Iitsheyini zivavanywa ukuba ziqine kangakanani kusetyenziswa umatshini wokuvavanya izinto ezisetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zetsheyini kunye neemfuno ezisemgangathweni, kusetyenziswa amandla okutsalwa, kwaye amandla okuphula kunye nobude buyarekhodwa. Amandla okuphula aqinisekiswa ukuba angaphantsi kwe-1.2 yamandla alinganisiweyo, kwaye ubude buyalawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-2%-5% (oku kunokwahluka kancinci phakathi kweenkcukacha kunye nemigangatho).

Uvavanyo Lobomi Bokudinwa: Uvavanyo lobomi bokudinwa lwenziwa kusetyenziswa umatshini wovavanyo lokudinwa olusebenzisa ikhonkco, ukulinganisa iimeko zokusebenza zokwenyani (ezifana nokutshintshana kwemithwalo kunye nesantya esahlukileyo). Ikhonkco lisebenza ixesha elide kwaye ixesha lokungaphumeleli kokudinwa liyarekhodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubomi bokudinwa buhambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (umz., i-ISO 606 imisela ukuba ubomi bokudinwa kwekhonkco ze-A series phantsi komthwalo olinganisiweyo abuyi ngaphantsi kwe-1 million cycles).

Uvavanyo Lokumelana Nokunxiba: Umvavanyi wokunxiba ulinganisa ukungqubana phakathi kwetyathanga kunye ne-sprocket, elinganisa ukuguguleka kwetyathanga kwixesha elithile. Izinga lokuguguleka libalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuguguleka kwetyathanga phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezilinganisiweyo akudluli kwi-0.1mm/1000 iiyure, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide.

2. Uhlolo lokuchaneka kweJiyometri

Ukuhlolwa kokuchaneka kwePitch: Isixhobo sokulinganisa ipitch sisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ipitch yekhonkco ngalinye lekhonkco, sirekhoda ukuphambuka kwepitch yekhonkco ngalinye. Ukuphambuka kwepitch eqokelelweyo yekhonkco lonke akudluli inani lilonke leekhonkco × 0.05mm. Oku kuthintela ukungakwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle ne-sprocket ngexesha lokusebenza ngenxa yokuphambuka kwepitch, okunokubangela ingxolo okanye ukungcangcazela.

Ukuhlolwa kweCamber: Itsheyini ibekwa ngokuthe tyaba kwitafile yovavanyo ethe tyaba kwaye inqanaba le-camber yetsheyini phantsi kobunzima bayo liyalinganiswa. I-camber ngemitha nganye iqinisekiswa ukuba ayidluli kwi-5mm. Oku kuthintela itsheyini ukuba ingasebenzi ngexesha lokusebenza.

Ukuhlolwa kobubanzi berola kunye noBujikelezi: I-laser diameter gauge isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ububanzi berola kunye noBujikelezi. Ukuphambuka kobubanzi kunye noBujikelezi berola kuqinisekiswa ukuba akudluli kwi-±0.03mm kwaye impazamo yoBujikelezi ayidluli kwi-0.02mm, okuqinisekisa ukudibana okufanelekileyo phakathi kwerola kunye ne-sprocket.

3. Ukuqhuba Uhlolo Lokusebenza
Ukuhlolwa kokuguquguquka: Itsheyini ifakelwe kwi-sprocket eqhelekileyo kwaye i-sprocket ijikeleziswa ngesandla ukuze ive ukumelana nokusebenza kwetsheyini. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba itsheyini ijikeleza ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle kokubopha okanye ingxolo engaqhelekanga. Isixhobo sokuvavanya i-torque sikwasetyenziswa ukulinganisa i-torque yokumelana netsheyini ngexesha lokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayidluli ixabiso eliqhelekileyo (ngokubanzi ≤5 N·m, ihlengahlengiswe ngokweemfuno).

Uvavanyo lweNgxolo: Kwilabhoratri yovavanyo lwengxolo, itsheyini ifakwe kwibhentshi yovavanyo kwaye isebenza ngesantya esahlukileyo (umz., i-100 rpm, i-500 rpm, kunye ne-1000 rpm). Inqanaba lengxolo lilinganiswa kusetyenziswa imitha yengxolo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayidluli kwi-75 dB(A), ihlangabezana nomgangatho wengxolo wezixhobo zoshishino.

Uvavanyo Lokumelana Nokugqwala: Kwiitsheyini ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifumileyo nezingcolisayo (ezifana nezo zisetyenziswa koomatshini bokulungisa ukutya nakwizixhobo zaselwandle), uvavanyo lokutshiza ngetyuwa (olusekelwe kwi-ISO 9227, uvavanyo lokutshiza ngetyuwa olungathathi cala oluthatha iiyure ezingama-48) lwenziwa ukuvavanya ukumelana nokugqwala komphezulu wetsheyini nokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mhlwa ubonakalayo okanye ukuqhekeka kweplating emva kovavanyo.
IV. Uqinisekiso lweNkqubo: Isiqinisekiso soMgangatho kunye noPhuculo oluQhubekekayo – “Indlela yexesha elide” yoMgangatho

Iimveliso ze-roller chain ezikumgangatho ophezulu azifuni nje ulawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo nganye kodwa zifuna nenkqubo ebanzi yomgangatho njengesiseko. Siye samkela inkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho ephucukileyo kwihlabathi liphela, safumana iziqinisekiso kwimibutho enegunya, saza saseka indlela yokuphucula eqhubekayo ukuze siqhubeke nokuphucula iinkqubo zethu zemveliso kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho, siqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokukhuphisana kweemveliso zethu.

1. Isiqinisekiso seNkqubo yoMgangatho weHlabathi
Sifumene isiqinisekiso senkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho we-ISO 9001, isiqinisekiso senkqubo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo ye-ISO 14001, kunye nesiqinisekiso senkqubo yolawulo lwempilo nokhuseleko emsebenzini ye-OHSAS 18001, edibanisa ulawulo lomgangatho kuyo yonke inkqubo yoyilo lwemveliso, imveliso, intengiso, kunye nenkonzo yasemva kokuthengisa. Ngaphezu koko, iimveliso zethu ze-roller chain ziyahambelana nemigangatho emininzi yamazwe ngamazwe, efana ne-ISO 606 (umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe), i-ANSI B29.1 (umgangatho waseMelika), i-DIN 8187 (umgangatho waseJamani), kunye ne-JIS B1801 (umgangatho waseJapan). Singabonelela ngeengxelo zesiqinisekiso ezisemgangathweni ezifanelekileyo xa umthengi ecela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufikelela kwimarike kumazwe ahlukeneyo nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

2. Ingxelo yabathengi kunye noPhuculo oluqhubekayo
Simisele indlela ebanzi yokuphendula kubathengi. Ngeendlela ezifana nophononongo lwamaqonga orhwebo lwangaphandle, ukutyelela abathengi, kunye nenkonzo kwindawo, siqokelela ngokukhawuleza impendulo kubathengi kwimiba yomgangatho kunye neengcebiso zokuphucula ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ukuze siphendule kubathengi, siseka amaqela azinikeleyo okuphucula umgangatho ukuze enze uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwezinto eziluhlaza, iinkqubo zemveliso, kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo, siphuhlise amanyathelo okuphucula ajolise kuwo, kwaye silandelele iziphumo zokuphucula ukuqinisekisa isisombululo esipheleleyo. Umzekelo, ukuphendula kwisikhalazo somthengi waseYurophu malunga nokuguquguquka okuncitshisiweyo kwetyathanga kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi, silungiselele ifomyula yegrisi yeepini kunye neebhasingi (sisebenzisa igrisi yokwenziwa enokusebenza okuphuculweyo kobushushu obuphantsi) kwaye salungisa iiparameter zonyango lobushushu ukuphucula ukuqina kwesiseko. Emva kovavanyo oluninzi kunye nokuqinisekiswa, ukusebenza kwemveliso kwi -30°C kuphuculwe kakhulu, kwafumana ukuqatshelwa okuphezulu kubathengi.

3. Uqeqesho lwaBasebenzi kunye nokuKhuliswa koLwazi loMgangatho

Abasebenzi ngabaphathi ngqo bolawulo lomgangatho, kwaye izakhono zabo zobungcali kunye nokuqonda umgangatho zichaphazela ngqo umgangatho wemveliso. Sihlala silungiselela uqeqesho lolawulo lomgangatho kubasebenzi, sigubungela izihloko ezifana nemigangatho ye-ISO, iinkqubo eziphambili zemveliso, iindlela zokuvavanya, kunye nohlalutyo kunye nesisombululo semiba yomgangatho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umsebenzi uqhelene nemigangatho yomgangatho kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Kwangaxeshanye, ngemisebenzi efana "neNyanga yoMgangatho" kunye "noKhuphiswano loMgangatho", siqinisa ukuqonda umgangatho wabasebenzi kwaye sibakhuthaza ukuba bafumanise kwaye basombulule iingozi zomgangatho kwinkqubo yemveliso, ngaloo ndlela sidala imeko entle apho "wonke umntu enika ingqalelo kumgangatho kwaye wonke umntu ethatha inxaxheba kumgangatho."