Isishwankathelo sovavanyo lobunzima be-chain roller echanekileyo

1. Isishwankathelo sovavanyo lobunzima be-chain roller echanekileyo

1.1 Iimpawu ezisisiseko ze-precision roller chain
I-Precision roller chain luhlobo lwe-chain esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-mechanical transmission. Iimpawu zayo ezisisiseko zezi zilandelayo:
Ulwakhiwo lwesakhiwo: Itsheyini yerola echanekileyo inepleyiti yetsheyini yangaphakathi, ipleyiti yetsheyini yangaphandle, i-pin shaft, i-sleeve kunye ne-roller. Ipleyiti yetsheyini yangaphakathi kunye ne-outer chain plate ziqhagamshelwe nge-pin shaft, i-sleeve ibotshelelwe kwi-pin shaft, kwaye i-roller ifakwe ngaphandle kwe-sleeve. Olu lwakhiwo lwenza itsheyini ikwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu okuxinana kunye nefuthe ngexesha lokudluliselwa.
Ukukhetha izinto: Itsheyini yerola echanekileyo idla ngokwenziwa ngentsimbi yekhabhoni ekumgangatho ophezulu okanye intsimbi ye-alloy, efana nentsimbi engama-45, i-20CrMnTi, njl. Ezi zinto zinamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle, okunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwetsheyini phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima.
Ukuchaneka kobukhulu: Iimfuno zokuchaneka kobukhulu betsheyini yerola echanekileyo ziphezulu, kwaye ukunyamezelana kobukhulu bepitch, ubukhulu beplate yetsheyini, ububanzi be-pin shaft, njl.njl. ngokubanzi kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-±0.05mm. Ubukhulu obuphezulu bunokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwe-meshing yetsheyini kunye ne-sprocket, kwaye kuncitshiswe iimpazamo zokudlulisa kunye nengxolo.
Unyango lomphezulu: Ukuze kuphuculwe ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwetsheyini, iitsheyini ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo zihlala ziphathwa njengomphezulu, ezifana ne-carburizing, i-nitriding, i-galvanizing, njl. I-Carburizing ingenza ubunzima bomphezulu wetsheyini bufikelele kwi-58-62HRC, i-nitriding ingenza ubunzima bomphezulu bufikelele kwi-600-800HV, kwaye i-galvanizing inokuthintela ngempumelelo itsheyini ekugqwaleni.
1.2 Ukubaluleka kovavanyo lobunzima
Uvavanyo lokuqina lubaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lomgangatho weetyathanga ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo:
Qinisekisa amandla etyathanga: Ukuqina yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokulinganisa amandla ezinto. Ngovavanyo lokuqina, kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba ubunzima bezinto zetyathanga elijikelezayo elichanekileyo buhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ityathanga linokumelana noxinzelelo olwaneleyo kunye nempembelelo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kwaye kuthintelwe ukwaphuka kwetyathanga okanye umonakalo ngenxa yamandla angonelanga ezinto.
Vavanya iipropati zezinto: Uvavanyo lokuqina lunokubonakalisa ulwakhiwo lwe-microstructure kunye notshintsho lokusebenza kwezinto. Umzekelo, ubunzima bomphezulu wetsheyini emva konyango lwe-carburizing buphezulu, ngelixa ubunzima obuphambili buphantsi kakhulu. Ngovavanyo lokuqina, ubunzulu kunye nokufana komaleko we-carburizing kunokuvavanywa, ukuze kugwetywe ukuba inkqubo yonyango lobushushu lwezinto ifanelekile na.
Umgangatho wokuvelisa ulawulo: Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ii-roller chains ezichanekileyo, uvavanyo lobunzima yindlela esebenzayo yokulawula umgangatho. Ngokuvavanya ubunzima bezinto eziluhlaza, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo, iingxaki ezinokubakho kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ezinje ngeziphene zezinto, unyango olungafanelekanga lobushushu, njl.njl., zinokufunyanwa ngexesha, ukuze kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuphucula nokuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokuhambelana komgangatho wemveliso.
Yandisa ubomi benkonzo: Uvavanyo lokuqina lunceda ekwenzeni ngcono izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwee-roller chains ezichanekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kwe-chain. Umphezulu we-chain enobunzima obuphezulu unokumelana ngcono nokuguguleka, unciphise ukulahleka kokungqubana phakathi kwe-chain kunye ne-sprocket, wandise ubomi benkonzo ye-chain, kwaye unciphise iindleko zokugcina izixhobo.
Hlangana nemigangatho yoshishino: Kwishishini lokuvelisa oomatshini, ubulukhuni beetyathanga ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo budla ngokufuna ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo yesizwe okanye yehlabathi. Umzekelo, i-GB/T 1243-2006 “Iityathanga ezijikelezileyo, iityathanga ezijikelezileyo ezibunjiweyo kunye neetyathanga ezinamazinyo” ichaza uluhlu lobulukhuni beetyathanga ezijikelezileyo ezichanekileyo. Ngovavanyo lobulukhuni, kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni kwaye iphucula ukukhuphisana kwemarike kwemveliso.

2. Imigangatho yovavanyo lokuqina

2.1 Imigangatho yovavanyo lwasekhaya
Ilizwe lam liqulunqe uthotho lwemigangatho ecacileyo nengqongqo yovavanyo lobunzima beetyathanga ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wemveliso uyahlangabezana neemfuno.
Isiseko esiqhelekileyo: Ngokuyintloko sisekelwe kwi-GB/T 1243-2006 “i-roller chain, i-bushing roller chain kunye ne-toothed chain” kunye neminye imigangatho yesizwe efanelekileyo. Le migangatho ichaza uluhlu lobunzima bee-roller chain ezichanekileyo. Umzekelo, kwii-roller chain ezichanekileyo ezenziwe ngentsimbi engama-45, ubunzima beepini kunye nee-bushings kufuneka bulawulwe ngokubanzi kwi-229-285HBW; kwii-carburised chain, ubunzima bomphezulu kufuneka bufikelele kwi-58-62HRC, kwaye ubunzulu bomaleko we-carburised nabo buyimfuneko ngokucacileyo, ngesiqhelo yi-0.8-1.2mm.
Indlela yokuvavanya: Imigangatho yasekhaya icebisa ukusetyenziswa kweBrinell hardness tester okanye iRockwell hardness tester xa kuvavanywa. IBrinell hardness tester ifanelekile ukuvavanya izinto eziluhlaza kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ezinobunzima obuphantsi, ezifana neeplate zetyathanga ezingakhange zinyangwe ngobushushu. Ixabiso lobunzima libalwa ngokufaka umthwalo othile kumphezulu wezinto kunye nokulinganisa ububanzi bokutsalwa; iRockwell hardness tester idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iityathanga ezigqityiweyo ezinyangwe ngobushushu, ezifana neepini kunye nemikhono ene-carburised. Inesantya sokufumanisa esikhawulezayo, ukusebenza okulula, kwaye inokufunda ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lobunzima.
Ukusampula kunye nokuvavanya iindawo: Ngokweemfuno ezisemgangathweni, inani elithile leesampuli kufuneka likhethwe ngokungacwangciswanga ukuze kuvavanywe kwibhetshi nganye yee-roller chain chains. Kwi-chain nganye, ubunzima beendawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-inner chain plate, i-outer chain plate, i-pin, i-sleeve kunye ne-roller kufuneka kuvavanywe ngokwahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kwi-pin, kufuneka kuthathwe indawo enye yovavanyo embindini nakwiziphelo zombini ukuqinisekisa ukuphelela kunye nokuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kweziphumo: Iziphumo zovavanyo mazimiselwe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana noluhlu lobunzima oluchazwe kumgangatho. Ukuba ixabiso lobunzima benxalenye yovavanyo lidlula uluhlu oluchazwe kumgangatho, njengokuba ubunzima bephini bungaphantsi kwe-229HBW okanye ngaphezulu kwe-285HBW, itsheyini igwetywa njengemveliso engafanelekiyo kwaye kufuneka iphindwe ifudunyezwe okanye eminye imilinganiselo yonyango ehambelanayo de ixabiso lobunzima lihlangabezane neemfuno ezisemgangathweni.

2.2 Imigangatho yoVavanyo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe
Kukwakho neenkqubo ezisemgangathweni ezifanelekileyo zokuvavanya ubulukhuni beetsheyini ze-roller ezichanekileyo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye le migangatho inempembelelo enkulu kwaye iyaqatshelwa kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.
Umgangatho we-ISO: ISO 606 “Iitsheyini kunye nee-sprockets – Iitsheyini ze-roller kunye nee-bushing roller chains – Ubukhulu, ukunyamezela kunye neempawu ezisisiseko” ngomnye wemigangatho ye-precision roller chain esetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Lo mgangatho ukwabonelela ngemigaqo eneenkcukacha zovavanyo lobunzima beetsheyini ze-precision roller. Umzekelo, kwiitsheyini ze-precision roller ezenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy, uluhlu lobunzima ngokubanzi yi-241-321HBW; kwiitsheyini ezifakwe i-nitride, ubunzima bomphezulu kufuneka bufikelele kwi-600-800HV, kwaye ubunzulu bomaleko we-nitriding kufuneka bube yi-0.3-0.6mm.
Indlela yokuvavanya: Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ikwacebisa ukusetyenziswa kwabavavanyi bobunzima bukaBrinell, abavavanyi bobunzima bukaRockwell kunye nabavavanyi bobunzima bukaVickers ukuze kuvavanywe. Umvavanyi wobunzima bukaVickers ufanelekile ukuvavanya iindawo ezinobunzima obuphezulu bomphezulu weetyathanga zerola ezichanekileyo, ezifana nomphezulu werola emva konyango lwe-nitriding, ngenxa yokuxinana kwayo okuncinci. Ingalinganisa ixabiso lobunzima ngokuchanekileyo, ngakumbi xa kuvavanywa ubukhulu obuncinci kunye neendawo ezixineneyo.
Indawo yokuvavanya nokuvavanya: Ubungakanani besampulu kunye nendawo yokuvavanya efunekayo ngokwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe iyafana neyemigangatho yasekhaya, kodwa ukukhethwa kweendawo zokuvavanya kuneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe. Umzekelo, xa kuvavanywa ubulukhuni beerola, kufuneka kuthathwe iisampuli kwaye kuvavanywa kumjikelezo wangaphandle kunye nobuso bokugqibela beerola ukuze kuvavanywe ngokupheleleyo ubunjani bobulukhuni beerola. Ukongeza, uvavanyo lobulukhuni lukwafuneka kwiindawo zokudibanisa zerola, ezifana neepleyiti zerola ezidibanisayo kunye neephini zokudibanisa, ukuqinisekisa amandla kunye nokuthembeka kwerola yonke.
Isigwebo sesiphumo: Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ingqongqo ngakumbi ekugwebeni iziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo azihlangabezani neemfuno ezisemgangathweni, ayizukuphela nje kokuba ikhonkco liza kugwetywa njengelingafanelekanga, kodwa nezinye ikhonkco zeqela elifanayo leemveliso kuya kufuneka zihlolwe kabini. Ukuba kusekho iimveliso ezingafanelekanga emva kokuthathwa isampuli kabini, iqela leemveliso kufuneka liphinde licutshungulwe de kube ubunzima bazo zonke ikhonkco buhlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni. Le ndlela yokugweba engqongqo iqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho womgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kwekhonkco ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.

3. Indlela yovavanyo lokuqina

3.1 Indlela yokuvavanya ubulukhuni beRockwell
Indlela yovavanyo lobunzima beRockwell yenye yezona ndlela zovavanyo lobunzima ezisetyenziswa kakhulu okwangoku, ifanelekile ngakumbi ukuvavanya ubunzima bezinto zesinyithi ezifana neetsheyini zeroller ezichanekileyo.
Umgaqo: Le ndlela imisela ixabiso lobunzima ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indenter (i-diamond cone okanye ibhola ye-carbide) ecinezelwe kumphezulu wezinto eziphantsi komthwalo othile. Ibonakala ngokusebenza okulula nokukhawulezayo, kwaye inokufunda ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lobunzima ngaphandle kokubala okuntsonkothileyo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa.
Ububanzi bokusetyenziswa: Ukuze kufunyanwe imixokelelwane yerola echanekileyo, indlela yovavanyo lobunzima beRockwell isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulinganisa ubunzima bemixokelelwane egqityiweyo emva konyango lobushushu, njengeepini kunye nemikhono. Oku kungenxa yokuba la macandelo anobunzima obuphezulu emva konyango lobushushu kwaye makhulu ngobungakanani, nto leyo efanelekileyo ukuvavanywa ngesixhobo sokuvavanya ubunzima beRockwell.
Ukuchaneka kokufumanisa: Uvavanyo lobunzima beRockwell luchanekile kakhulu kwaye lunokubonisa ngokuchanekileyo utshintsho lobunzima bezinto. Impazamo yalo yokulinganisa ngokubanzi ingaphakathi kwe-±1HRC, enokufezekisa iimfuno zovavanyo lobunzima be-roller chain echanekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo: Kuvavanyo lokwenyani, umvavanyi wobulukhuni waseRockwell uhlala esebenzisa isikali se-HRC, esifanelekileyo kwizixhobo zokuvavanya ezinoluhlu lobunzima obuyi-20-70HRC. Umzekelo, kwiphini yetsheyini yeroller echanekileyo efakwe i-carburized, ubulukhuni bayo bomphezulu buhlala buphakathi kwe-58-62HRC. Umvavanyi wobulukhuni waseRockwell unokulinganisa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ixabiso lawo lobulukhuni, enika isiseko esithembekileyo solawulo lomgangatho.

3.2 Indlela yokuvavanya ubulukhuni bukaBrinell
Indlela yovavanyo lobulukhuni beBrinell yindlela yovavanyo lobulukhuni eqhelekileyo, esetyenziswa kakhulu ekulinganiseni ubulukhuni bezinto ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi, kubandakanya izinto ezikrwada kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo zeetsheyini ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo.
Umgaqo: Le ndlela icinezela ibhola yentsimbi eqinileyo okanye ibhola ye-carbide enobubanzi obuthile kumphezulu wezinto phantsi kwesenzo somthwalo othile kwaye iyigcine ixesha elithile, emva koko isuse umthwalo, ilinganise ububanzi bokutsalwa, kwaye imisele ixabiso lobunzima ngokubala uxinzelelo oluphakathi kwindawo yomphezulu ojikelezayo we-indentation.
Ububanzi bokusetyenziswa: Indlela yovavanyo lobunzima beBrinell ifanelekile ukuvavanya izixhobo zesinyithi ezinobunzima obuphantsi, njengezinto eziluhlaza zeetsheyini ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo (ezifana nentsimbi engama-45) kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ezingalungiswanga ngobushushu. Iimpawu zayo zizimbobo ezinkulu, ezinokubonisa iimpawu zobunzima obukhulu bezinto kwaye zifanelekile ukulinganisa izixhobo ezikuluhlu lobunzima obuphakathi.
Ukuchaneka kokufumanisa: Ukuchaneka kokufumanisa ubulukhuni bukaBrinell kuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye impazamo yokulinganisa ngokubanzi ingaphakathi kwe-±2%. Ukuchaneka kokulinganisa ububanzi bokutsalwa kwento ethile kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kwexabiso lobulukhuni, ngoko ke izixhobo zokulinganisa ezichanekileyo ezifana nokufunda iimayikroskopu ziyafuneka ekusebenzeni ngokwenene.
Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo: Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iitsheyini zerola ezichanekileyo, indlela yovavanyo lobunzima beBrinell idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuvavanya ubunzima bezinto eziluhlaza ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo. Umzekelo, kwiitsheyini zerola ezichanekileyo ezenziwe ngentsimbi engama-45, ubunzima bezinto eziluhlaza kufuneka bulawulwe ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-170-230HBW. Ngovavanyo lobunzima beBrinell, ixabiso lobunzima bezinto eziluhlaza linokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ubunzima obungachanekanga bezinto bunokufunyanwa ngexesha, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe izinto ezingachanekanga ukuba zingene kwiikhonkco zemveliso ezilandelayo.

3.3 Indlela yokuvavanya ubulukhuni beVickers
Indlela yovavanyo lobunzima beVickers yindlela efanelekileyo yokulinganisa ubunzima beendawo ezincinci nezinodonga oluncinci, kwaye ineengenelo ezikhethekileyo kuvavanyo lobunzima bemixokelelwane yerola echanekileyo.
Umgaqo: Le ndlela icinezela i-tetrahedron yedayimani ene-engile ye-vertex ye-136° phantsi komthwalo othile kumphezulu wento eza kuvavanywa, igcina umthwalo ixesha elithile, ize isuse umthwalo, ilinganise ubude be-diagonal bokutsalwa, ize imisele ixabiso lobunzima ngokubala uxinzelelo oluphakathi kwindawo yomphezulu we-conical wotsalwa.
Ububanzi bokusetyenziswa: Indlela yovavanyo lobunzima beVickers ifanelekile ekulinganiseni izixhobo ezinoluhlu olubanzi lobunzima, ngakumbi ekufumaneni iindawo ezinobunzima obuphezulu bomphezulu weetyathanga ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo, njengomphezulu weerola emva konyango lwe-nitriding. Ukuxinana kwayo kuncinci, kwaye inokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ubunzima beendawo ezincinci nezinodonga oluncinci, ezifanelekileyo ukubhaqwa kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokufana kobunzima bomphezulu.
Ukuchaneka kokufumanisa: Uvavanyo lobunzima beVickers luchanekile kakhulu, kwaye impazamo yokulinganisa ngokubanzi ingaphakathi kwe-±1HV. Ukuchaneka kokulinganisa ubude obude be-indentation kubalulekile ekuchanekeni kwexabiso lobunzima, ngoko ke kufuneka imakroskopu yokulinganisa echanekileyo kakhulu ukuze kulinganiswe.
Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo: Kuvavanyo lobunzima beetsheyini zerola ezichanekileyo, indlela yovavanyo lobunzima beVickers idla ngokusetyenziswa ukufumanisa ubunzima bomphezulu weerola. Umzekelo, kwiirola ezifakwe i-nitride, ubunzima bomphezulu kufuneka bufikelele kwi-600-800HV. Ngovavanyo lobunzima beVickers, amaxabiso obunzima kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kumphezulu werola anokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ubunzulu kunye nokufana komaleko we-nitriding kunokuvavanywa, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswa ukuba ubunzima bomphezulu werola buhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo kunye nokuphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nobomi benkonzo yetsheyini.

4. Isixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni

4.1 Uhlobo lwesixhobo kunye nomgaqo waso
Isixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kovavanyo lobulukhuni bee-roller chains ezichanekileyo. Izixhobo zokuvavanya ubulukhuni eziqhelekileyo zezo zilandelayo:
Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beBrinell: Umgaqo wayo kukucinezela ibhola yentsimbi eqinileyo okanye ibhola yekhabhayithi enobubanzi obuthile kumphezulu wezinto phantsi komthwalo othile, uyigcine ixesha elithile uze uyisuse umthwalo, kwaye ubale ixabiso lobulukhuni ngokulinganisa ububanzi bokutsalwa. Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beBrinell ufanelekile ukuvavanya izixhobo zesinyithi ezinobunzima obuphantsi, njengezinto eziluhlaza zeetsheyini ezichanekileyo kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ezingalungiswanga ngobushushu. Iimpawu zayo kukutsalwa okukhulu, okunokubonakalisa iimpawu zobulukhuni bemacroscopic zezinto. Ifanelekile ukulinganisa izixhobo ezikuluhlu lobunzima obuphakathi, kwaye impazamo yokulinganisa ngokubanzi ingaphakathi kwe-±2%.
Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beRockwell: Esi sixhobo simisela ixabiso lobulukhuni ngokulinganisa ubunzulu be-indenter (i-diamond cone okanye ibhola ye-carbide) ecinezelwe kumphezulu wezinto eziphantsi komthwalo othile. Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beRockwell kulula kwaye kuyakhawuleza ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye inokufunda ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lobulukhuni ngaphandle kokubala okuntsonkothileyo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukulinganisa ubulukhuni beetyathanga ezigqityiweyo emva konyango lobushushu, njengeepini kunye nemikhono. Impazamo yokulinganisa ngokubanzi ingaphakathi kwe-±1HRC, enokufezekisa iimfuno zovavanyo lobulukhuni betyathanga le-roller elichanekileyo.
Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beVickers: Umgaqo womvavanyi wobulukhuni beVickers kukucinezela iphiramidi yedayimani enekona ye-vertex ye-136° phantsi komthwalo othile kumphezulu wezinto eziza kuvavanywa, zigcinwe ixesha elithile, zisuse umthwalo, zilinganise ubude obujikelezayo bokugoba, kwaye zichonge ixabiso lobulukhuni ngokubala uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo oluthwalwa yindawo yomphezulu we-conical wokugoba. Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beVickers ufanelekile ukulinganisa izixhobo ezinoluhlu olubanzi lobulukhuni, ngakumbi ukuvavanya iindawo ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu bomphezulu we-roller chains, njengomphezulu we-roller emva konyango lwe-nitriding. Ukugoba kwayo kuncinci, kwaye inokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ubulukhuni beendawo ezincinci nezincinci, kwaye impazamo yokulinganisa ngokubanzi ingaphakathi kwe-±1HV.

4.2 Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kunye nokulinganiswa kwazo
Ukukhetha isixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni esifanelekileyo kunye nokusilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo sisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo:
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo: Khetha isixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni esifanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zovavanyo lweetyathanga ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo. Kwizinto eziluhlaza kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ezingalungiswanga bubushushu, kufuneka kukhethwe umvavanyi wobulukhuni beBrinell; kwiityathanga ezigqityiweyo ezilungiswe bubushushu, ezifana neephini kunye nemikhono, kufuneka kukhethwe umvavanyi wobulukhuni beRockwell; kwiindawo ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu bomphezulu, njengomphezulu wetyathanga emva konyango lwe-nitriding, kufuneka kukhethwe umvavanyi wobulukhuni beVickers. Ukongeza, izinto ezinje ngokuchaneka, uluhlu lokulinganisa, kunye nokusebenza lula kwesixhobo nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeekhonkco zovavanyo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukulinganiswa kwezixhobo: Isixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni kufuneka silinganiswe ngaphambi kokuba sisetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zaso zokulinganisa. Ukulinganiswa kufuneka kwenziwe yiarhente yokulinganisa efanelekileyo okanye abasebenzi abaziingcali ngokuhambelana nemigangatho kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo. Umxholo wokulinganiswa uquka ukuchaneka komthwalo wesixhobo, ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwe-indenter, ukuchaneka kwesixhobo sokulinganisa, njl. Umjikelo wokulinganisa ngokubanzi umiselwa ngokwexesha lokusetyenziswa kunye nokuzinza kwesixhobo, ngokuqhelekileyo iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kunyaka omnye. Izixhobo zokulinganisa ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zihambisane nesatifikethi sokulinganisa, kwaye umhla wokulinganisa kunye nexesha lokusebenza kufuneka ziphawulwe kwisixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokulandeleka kweziphumo zovavanyo.

5. Inkqubo yovavanyo lokuqina

5.1 Ukulungiswa kunye nokusetyenzwa kwesampulu
Ukulungiswa kwesampulu yindlela esisiseko yovavanyo lokuqina kwe-precision roller chain, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
Ubungakanani bokusampula: Ngokweemfuno zomgangatho wesizwe we-GB/T 1243-2006 kunye nomgangatho wehlabathi we-ISO 606, inani elithile leesampuli kufuneka likhethwe ngokungacwangciswanga ukuze kuvavanywe kwibhetshi nganye yee-chain roller ezichanekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ii-chain ezi-3-5 zikhethwa kwibhetshi nganye njengeesampuli zovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukumelwa kweesampuli.
Indawo yokuvavanya: Kwitsheyini nganye, ubunzima beendawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nepleyiti yekhonkco yangaphakathi, ipleyiti yekhonkco yangaphandle, i-pin shaft, i-sleeve kunye ne-roller kufuneka zivavanywe ngokwahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kwi-pin shaft, kufuneka kuthathwe indawo enye yokuvavanya embindini nakwiziphelo zombini; kwi-roller, umjikelezo wangaphandle kunye nobuso bokugqibela be-roller kufuneka kuthathwe isampuli kwaye kuvavanywe ngokwahlukeneyo ukuze kuvavanywe ngokupheleleyo ubungqingqwa bobunzima becandelo ngalinye.
Ukucubungula isampuli: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvavanya, umphezulu wesampuli kufuneka ucoceke kwaye uthambe, ungabi naoyile, umhlwa okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Kwiisampuli ezine-oxide scale okanye i-coating kumphezulu, kufuneka kuqale kucocwe okanye kususwe unyango olufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, kwiitsheyini ze-galvanized, umaleko we-galvanized kumphezulu kufuneka ususwe ngaphambi kovavanyo lobunzima.

5.2 Amanyathelo okusebenza kovavanyo
Amanyathelo okusebenza kovavanyo ngundoqo wenkqubo yovavanyo lobulukhuni kwaye kufuneka asetyenziswe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho kunye neenkcukacha ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kunye nokulinganiswa: Khetha isixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni esifanelekileyo ngokwemiqolo yobulukhuni kunye neempawu zezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwinto yokuvavanya. Umzekelo, kwiiphini kunye nemikhono ye-carburised, kufuneka kukhethwe abavavanyi bobulukhuni beRockwell; kwizixhobo eziluhlaza kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ezingakaphekwanga ngobushushu, kufuneka kukhethwe abavavanyi bobulukhuni beBrinell; kwi-rollers ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu kumphezulu, kufuneka kukhethwe abavavanyi bobulukhuni beVickers. Ngaphambi kokuvavanya, isixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni kufuneka silinganiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka komthwalo, ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwe-indenter, kunye nokuchaneka kwesixhobo sokulinganisa kuyahlangabezana neemfuno. Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ezilinganisiweyo kufuneka zikhatshwe sisatifikethi sokulinganisa, kwaye umhla wokulinganisa kunye nexesha lokusebenza kufuneka ziphawulwe kwisixhobo.
Umsebenzi wovavanyo: Beka isampuli kwibhentshi yokusebenzela yomvavanyi wobunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu wesampuli umi nkqo kwi-indenter. Ngokweenkqubo zokusebenza zendlela yovavanyo lobunzima ekhethiweyo, faka umthwalo kwaye uwugcine ixesha elichaziweyo, uze ususe umthwalo kwaye ulinganise ubungakanani okanye ubunzulu bokugoba. Umzekelo, kuvavanyo lobunzima beRockwell, i-indenter yedayimani okanye ibhola ye-carbide icinezelwa kumphezulu wezinto ezivavanywayo ngomthwalo othile (ofana ne-150kgf), kwaye umthwalo ususwa emva kwemizuzwana eli-10-15, kwaye ixabiso lobunzima lifundwa ngokuthe ngqo; kuvavanyo lobunzima beBrinell, ibhola yentsimbi eqinileyo okanye ibhola ye-carbide enobubanzi obuthile icinezelwa kumphezulu wezinto ezivavanywayo phantsi komthwalo othile (ofana ne-3000kgf), kwaye umthwalo ususwa emva kwemizuzwana eli-10-15. Ububanzi bokugoba bulinganiswa kusetyenziswa imakroskopu yokufunda, kwaye ixabiso lobunzima lifunyanwa ngokubala.
Uvavanyo oluphindaphindwayo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo, inqaku ngalinye lovavanyo kufuneka livavanywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo amaxesha amaninzi, kwaye ixabiso eliphakathi lithathwa njengesiphumo sovavanyo lokugqibela. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, inqaku ngalinye lovavanyo kufuneka livavanywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo amaxesha ama-3-5 ukunciphisa iimpazamo zokulinganisa.

5.3 Ukurekhoda nokuhlaziya idatha
Ukurekhoda nokuhlaziya idatha yeyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo yokuvavanya ubulukhuni. Ngokuhlela nokuhlalutya idatha yovavanyo, izigqibo zesayensi nezifanelekileyo zinokuthathwa, nto leyo enika isiseko solawulo lomgangatho wemveliso.
Ukurekhoda idatha: Yonke idatha efunyenwe ngexesha lenkqubo yovavanyo kufuneka irekhodwe ngokweenkcukacha kwingxelo yovavanyo, kubandakanya inombolo yesampulu, indawo yovavanyo, indlela yovavanyo, ixabiso lobunzima, umhla wovavanyo, abasebenzi bovavanyo kunye nolunye ulwazi. Iirekhodi zedatha kufuneka zicace, zichaneke kwaye ziphelele ukuze kube lula ukubhekisela kunye nohlalutyo olulandelayo.
Uhlalutyo lwedatha: Uhlalutyo lwezibalo lwedatha yovavanyo, ukubalwa kweeparamitha zezibalo ezifana nexabiso eliphakathi lobunzima kunye nokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwendawo nganye yovavanyo, kunye novavanyo lokufana kunye nokuvumelana kobunzima. Umzekelo, ukuba ubunzima obuphakathi bephini yebhetshi yeeroller ezichanekileyo yi-250HBW kwaye ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo yi-5HBW, oko kuthetha ukuba ubunzima bebhetshi yeeroller buyafana kwaye ulawulo lomgangatho lulungile; ukuba ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kukhulu, kunokubakho ukuguquguquka komgangatho kwinkqubo yemveliso, kwaye kufuneka uphando olongezelelweyo lwesizathu kunye namanyathelo okuphucula.
Ukuqinisekiswa kweziphumo: Thelekisa iziphumo zovavanyo noluhlu lobunzima oluchazwe kwimigangatho yesizwe okanye yehlabathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba isampulu iyafaneleka na. Ukuba ixabiso lobunzima bendawo yovavanyo lidlula uluhlu oluchazwe kwimigangatho, njengokuba ubunzima bephini bungaphantsi kwe-229HBW okanye ngaphezulu kwe-285HBW, itsheyini igwetywa njengemveliso engafanelekanga kwaye kufuneka ifudunyezwe okanye ithathwe eminye imilinganiselo yonyango ehambelanayo de ixabiso lobunzima lihlangabezane neemfuno ezisemgangathweni. Kwiimveliso ezingafanelekanga, iimeko zazo ezingafanelekanga kufuneka zibhalwe ngokweenkcukacha kwaye izizathu kufuneka zihlalutywe ukuze kuthathwe amanyathelo okuphucula ajolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wemveliso.

6. Izinto ezichaphazela uvavanyo lobunzima

6.1 Impembelelo yendawo yovavanyo

Indawo yovavanyo inefuthe elibalulekileyo ekuchanekeni kweziphumo zovavanyo lobulukhuni beetsheyini ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo.

Impembelelo yobushushu: Utshintsho lobushushu luya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka komvavanyi wobunzima kunye nokusebenza kobunzima bezinto. Umzekelo, xa ubushushu obuphakathi buphezulu kakhulu okanye buphantsi kakhulu, iindawo zoomatshini kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki zomvavanyi wobunzima zinokukhula kwaye zinciphe ngenxa yobushushu, nto leyo ebangela iimpazamo zokulinganisa. Ngokubanzi, uluhlu olufanelekileyo lobushushu lokusebenza lomvavanyi wobunzima beBrinell, umvavanyi wobunzima beRockwell kunye nomvavanyi wobunzima beVickers yi-10℃-35℃. Xa olu luhlu lobushushu lugqithile, impazamo yokulinganisa yomvavanyi wobunzima inokunyuka malunga ne-±1HRC okanye i-±2HV. Kwangaxeshanye, impembelelo yobushushu kubunzima bezinto ayinakutyeshelwa. Umzekelo, kwizinto ezenziwe nge-precision roller chain, njenge-45# steel, ubunzima bayo bunokunyuka kancinci kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi, ngelixa kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu, ubunzima buya kuncipha. Ke ngoko, xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lobunzima, kufuneka lwenziwe kwindawo yobushushu obuhlala buhleli kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ubushushu obuphakathi ngelo xesha kufuneka burekhodwe ukuze kulungiswe iziphumo zovavanyo.
Impembelelo yomswakama: Impembelelo yomswakama kuvavanyo lobunzima ibonakala kakhulu kwiinxalenye ze-elektroniki zomvavanyi wobunzima kunye nomphezulu wesampuli. Umswakama ogqithisileyo unokubangela ukuba iinxalenye ze-elektroniki zomvavanyi wobunzima zibe manzi, nto leyo echaphazela ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kunye nokuzinza. Umzekelo, xa umswakama ohambelanayo udlula i-80%, impazamo yokulinganisa yomvavanyi wobunzima inokunyuka malunga ne-±0.5HRC okanye i-±1HV. Ukongeza, umswakama unokwenza ifilimu yamanzi kumphezulu wesampuli, nto leyo echaphazela unxibelelwano phakathi komvavanyi wobunzima kunye nomphezulu wesampuli, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimpazamo zokulinganisa. Kuvavanyo lobunzima lwee-roller chains ezichanekileyo, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe kwindawo enomswakama ohambelanayo we-30%-70% ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
Impembelelo yokungcangcazela: Ukungcangcazela kwindawo yovavanyo kuya kuphazamisa uvavanyo lobunzima. Umzekelo, ukungcangcazela okubangelwa kukusebenza kwezixhobo zokucubungula oomatshini ezikufutshane kunokubangela ukuba i-indenter yomvavanyi wobunzima ibe nokutshintshana okuncinci ngexesha lenkqubo yokulinganisa, okubangela iimpazamo zokulinganisa. Ukungcangcazela kunokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokusetyenziswa komthwalo kunye nokuzinza komvavanyi wobunzima, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwexabiso lobunzima. Ngokubanzi, xa usenza uvavanyo lobunzima kwindawo enongcangcazela olukhulu, impazamo yokulinganisa inokunyuka malunga ne-±0.5HRC okanye ±1HV. Ke ngoko, xa usenza uvavanyo lobunzima, kufuneka uzame ukukhetha indawo kude nomthombo wokungcangcazela kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okunciphisa ukungcangcazela, njengokufaka iphedi yokunciphisa ukungcangcazela ezantsi komvavanyi wobunzima, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokungcangcazela kwiziphumo zovavanyo.

6.2 Impembelelo yomqhubi
Inqanaba lobungcali lomqhubi kunye nemikhwa yokusebenza inefuthe elibalulekileyo ekuchanekeni kweziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima beetsheyini ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo.
Izakhono zokusebenza: Ubuchule bomqhubi kwizixhobo zokuvavanya ubulukhuni buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo. Umzekelo, kumvavanyi wobulukhuni beBrinell, umqhubi kufuneka alinganise ngokuchanekileyo ububanzi bokutsalwa, kwaye impazamo yokulinganisa inokubangela ukuphambuka kwixabiso lobulukhuni. Ukuba umqhubi akaqhelananga nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokulinganisa, impazamo yokulinganisa inokunyuka malunga ne-±2%. Kubavavanyi bobulukhuni beRockwell kunye nabavavanyi bobulukhuni beVickers, umqhubi kufuneka asebenzise umthwalo ngokuchanekileyo aze afunde ixabiso lobulukhuni. Ukusebenza okungafanelekanga kunokubangela ukuba impazamo yokulinganisa inyuke malunga ne-±1HRC okanye ±1HV. Ke ngoko, umqhubi kufuneka afumane uqeqesho lobungcali kwaye abe nobuchule kwiindlela zokusebenza kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko esixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
Amava ovavanyo: Amava ovavanyo lomqhubi aya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima. Abaqhubi abanamava banokugweba ngcono iingxaki ezinokuvela ngexesha lovavanyo baze bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuzilungisa. Umzekelo, ngexesha lovavanyo, ukuba ixabiso lobunzima lifunyenwe lingaqhelekanga, abaqhubi abanamava banokugweba ukuba kukho ingxaki ngesampulu ngokwayo, okanye umsebenzi wovavanyo okanye isixhobo asiphumelelanga ngokusekelwe kumava nolwazi lobungcali, kwaye bajongane nayo ngexesha. Abaqhubi abanamava banokusingatha iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga ngendlela engafanelekanga, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugwebeni gwenxa. Ke ngoko, amashishini kufuneka agxile ekuphuhliseni amava ovavanyo lwabaqhubi kwaye aphucule inqanaba lovavanyo lwabaqhubi ngoqeqesho oluqhelekileyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa.
Uxanduva: Uxanduva lwabaqhubi lubalulekile ekuchanekeni kweziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima. Abaqhubi abanoluvo oluqinileyo loxanduva baya kulandela ngokungqongqo imigangatho kunye neenkcukacha, barekhode ngononophelo idatha yovavanyo, kwaye bahlalutye ngononophelo iziphumo zovavanyo. Umzekelo, ngexesha lovavanyo, umqhubi kufuneka aphinde uvavanyo kwinqanaba ngalinye lovavanyo amaxesha amaninzi aze athathe ixabiso eliphakathi njengesiphumo sovavanyo lokugqibela. Ukuba umqhubi akanaxanduva, amanyathelo ovavanyo aphindaphindwayo anokungafakwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo. Ke ngoko, amashishini kufuneka aqinise imfundo yoxanduva lwabaqhubi ukuqinisekisa ubungqongqo kunye nokuchaneka komsebenzi wovavanyo.

6.3 Impembelelo yokuchaneka kwezixhobo
Ukuchaneka kwesixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni yinto ephambili echaphazela ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo lobulukhuni beetsheyini ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo.
Ukuchaneka kwesixhobo: Ukuchaneka kwesixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo. Umzekelo, impazamo yokulinganisa yesixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni saseBrinell idla ngokuba ngaphakathi kwe-±2%, impazamo yokulinganisa yesixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni saseRockwell idla ngokuba ngaphakathi kwe-±1HRC, kwaye impazamo yokulinganisa yesixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni saseVickers idla ngokuba ngaphakathi kwe-±1HV. Ukuba ukuchaneka kwesixhobo akuhlangabezani neemfuno, ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo akunakuqinisekiswa. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha isixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni, kufuneka kukhethwe isixhobo esinobuchaneka obuphezulu kunye nozinzo oluhle, kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kwesixhobo kuhlangabezana neemfuno zovavanyo.
Ukulinganiswa kwezixhobo: Ukulinganiswa kwesixhobo sokuvavanya ubulukhuni sisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo. Ukulinganiswa kwezixhobo kufuneka kwenziwe yiarhente yokulinganisa efanelekileyo okanye abasebenzi abaziingcali kwaye kuqhutywe ngokwemigangatho kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo. Umxholo wokulinganiswa uquka ukuchaneka komthwalo wesixhobo, ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwe-indenter, ukuchaneka kwesixhobo sokulinganisa, njl. Umjikelo wokulinganisa ngokubanzi umiselwa ngokwexesha lokusetyenziswa kunye nokuzinza kwesixhobo, ngokuqhelekileyo iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kunyaka omnye. Izixhobo zokulinganisa ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zihambisane nesatifikethi sokulinganisa, kwaye umhla wokulinganisa kunye nexesha lokusebenza kufuneka ziphawulwe kwisixhobo. Ukuba isixhobo asilinganiswanga okanye ukulinganiswa kuyasilela, ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo akunakuqinisekiswa. Umzekelo, umvavanyi wobulukhuni ongalinganiswanga unokubangela ukuba impazamo yokulinganisa inyuke malunga ne-±2HRC okanye i-±5HV.
Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya ubulukhuni kukwayindlela ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo, ukuchaneka kunokutshintsha ngenxa yokuguga koomatshini, ukuguga kwezinto ze-elektroniki, njl. Ke ngoko, amashishini kufuneka amisele inkqubo epheleleyo yokugcinwa kwezixhobo kwaye agcine kwaye alungise isixhobo rhoqo. Umzekelo, hlamba rhoqo ilensi ye-optical yesixhobo, jonga ukuguguleka kwe-indenter, ulinganise i-load sensor, njl. Ngokugcinwa rhoqo, iingxaki zesixhobo zinokufunyanwa kwaye zisonjululwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuzinza kwesixhobo.

7. Ukumisela kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziphumo zovavanyo lobulukhuni

7.1 Umgangatho wokumisela iziphumo
Ukumiselwa kweziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima bee-precision roller chains kwenziwa ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho efanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wemveliso uyahlangabezana neemfuno.
Ukumisela umgangatho wasekhaya: Ngokwemigangatho yesizwe efana ne-GB/T 1243-2006 “Roller Chain, Bushing Roller Chain kunye neToothed Chain”, imixokelelwane yeroller echanekileyo yezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zonyango lobushushu ineemfuno ezicacileyo zoluhlu lobunzima. Umzekelo, kwimixokelelwane yeroller echanekileyo eyenziwe ngentsimbi engama-45, ubunzima beepini kunye neebhushings kufuneka bulawulwe kwi-229-285HBW; ubunzima bomphezulu wetsheyini emva konyango lwe-carburizing kufuneka bufikelele kwi-58-62HRC, kwaye ubunzulu bomaleko we-carburizing yi-0.8-1.2mm. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zidlula olu luhlu, njengokuba ubunzima bephini buphantsi kune-229HBW okanye ngaphezulu kune-285HBW, kuya kugwetywa njengokungenakufaneleka.
Isigwebo esisemgangathweni samazwe ngamazwe: Ngokwe-ISO 606 kunye neminye imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, uluhlu lobunzima beetyathanga ezijikelezayo ezichanekileyo ezenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy ngokubanzi yi-241-321HBW, ubunzima bomphezulu wetyathanga emva konyango lwe-nitriding kufuneka bufikelele kwi-600-800HV, kwaye ubunzulu bomaleko we-nitriding kufuneka bube yi-0.3-0.6mm. Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ingqongqo ngakumbi ekugwebeni iziphumo. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo azihlangabezani neemfuno, ayizukuphela nje ukuba ityathanga ligwetywe njengelingafanelekanga, kodwa neqela elifanayo leemveliso liya kufuneka liphindwe kabini ukuze kuthathwe iisampulu. Ukuba kusekho iimveliso ezingafanelekanga, iqela leemveliso kufuneka liphinde licutshungulwe.
Iimfuneko zokuphinda-phinda kunye nokuphinda-phinda: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo, indawo nganye yovavanyo kufuneka ivavanywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngesiqhelo amaxesha ama-3-5, kwaye ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lithathwa njengesiphumo sokugqibela. Umahluko kwiziphumo zovavanyo zesampulu efanayo ngabaqhubi abahlukeneyo kufuneka ulawulwe ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile, njengomahluko kwiziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima beRockwell ngokubanzi awudluli kwi-±1HRC, umahluko kwiziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima beBrinell ngokubanzi awudluli kwi-±2%, kwaye umahluko kwiziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima beVickers ngokubanzi awudluli kwi-±1HV.

7.2 Ukusetyenziswa kweziphumo kunye nolawulo lomgangatho
Iziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima azisiso nje kuphela isiseko sokumisela ukuba imveliso iyafaneleka na, kodwa ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokulawula umgangatho kunye nokuphucula inkqubo.
Ulawulo loMgangatho: Ngovavanyo lobunzima, iingxaki kwinkqubo yemveliso, ezinje ngeziphene zezinto kunye nonyango olungafanelekanga lobushushu, zinokufunyanwa ngexesha. Umzekelo, ukuba uvavanyo lufumanisa ukuba ubunzima betsheyini buphantsi kunemfuneko eqhelekileyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubushushu bonyango lobushushu alwanelanga okanye ixesha lokubamba alanelanga; ukuba ubunzima buphezulu kunemfuneko eqhelekileyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukucima unyango lobushushu kugqithisile. Ngokweziphumo zovavanyo, inkampani inokulungisa inkqubo yemveliso ngexesha ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokuhambelana komgangatho wemveliso.
Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo: Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqina zinceda ukuphucula inkqubo yokwenziwa kwee-roller chains ezichanekileyo. Umzekelo, ngokuhlalutya utshintsho lokuqina kwe-chain phantsi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lobushushu, inkampani inokumisela iiparameter zonyango lobushushu ezifanelekileyo kwaye iphucule ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kwe-chain. Kwangaxeshanye, uvavanyo lokuqina lunokubonelela ngesiseko sokukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubunzima bezinto eziluhlaza buyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe umgangatho wemveliso iyonke.
Ukwamkelwa nokuhanjiswa kwemveliso: Ngaphambi kokuba imveliso iphume efektri, iziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima zisisiseko esibalulekileyo sokwamkelwa kwabathengi. Ingxelo yovavanyo lobunzima ehlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni inokunyusa ukuzithemba kwabathengi kwimveliso kwaye ikhuthaze ukuthengiswa kwemveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kwayo. Kwiimveliso ezingahlangabezani nemigangatho, inkampani kufuneka izihlaziye kwakhona ide iphumelele uvavanyo lobunzima ngaphambi kokuba zihanjiswe kubathengi, nto leyo enceda ukuphucula udumo lwemarike yenkampani kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi.
Ukulandelelwa komgangatho kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo: Ukurekhoda kunye nohlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima kunokubonelela ngenkxaso yedatha yokulandelelwa komgangatho. Xa kuvela iingxaki zomgangatho, iinkampani zinokulandelelwa iziphumo zovavanyo ukuze zifumane unobangela wengxaki kwaye zithathe amanyathelo okuphucula ajoliswe kuwo. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokuqokelelwa kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha yovavanyo ixesha elide, iinkampani zinokufumanisa iingxaki ezinokubakho zomgangatho kunye nezikhokelo zokuphucula inkqubo, kwaye zifezekise ukuphucuka okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho.