Ukukhethwa kwezinto zeRoller Chains kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zeRoller Chains kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu

Kwiindawo zoshishino ezifana nonyango lobushushu olusebenzisa isinyithi, ukubhaka ukutya, kunye neekhemikhali zepetrochemicals,imixokelelwane yeroller, njengezinto eziphambili zothumelo, zihlala zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwiindawo ezingaphaya kwe-150°C. Amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo anokubangela ukuba iitsheyini zesiqhelo zithambe, zinyibilike, zibole, kwaye zingatyibiliki. Idatha yemizi-mveliso ibonisa ukuba iitsheyini zeroli ezikhethwe ngendlela engafanelekanga zinokuncitshiswa ubomi bazo ngaphezu kwe-50% phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni izixhobo zingasebenzi. Eli nqaku ligxile kwiimfuno zokusebenza kweetsheyini zeroli kwiindawo zobushushu obuphezulu, lihlalutya ngokucwangcisiweyo iimpawu kunye nengqiqo yokukhetha izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesiseko ukunceda iingcali zoshishino zifezekise uphuculo oluzinzileyo kwiinkqubo zazo zothumelo.

I. Imingeni ephambili yeemeko ezishushu kakhulu kwiintambo eziqengqelekayo

Umonakalo obangelwa ziindlela ezishushu kakhulu ubangelwa ziimeko-bume ezininzi. Imingeni ephambili ikwiinkalo ezimbini: ukuwohloka kokusebenza kwezinto kunye nokuncipha kozinzo lwesakhiwo. Ezi zikwayimiqobo yobugcisa ekufuneka yoyiswe kukukhethwa kwezinto:

- Ukuwohloka kweempawu zoomatshini zezinto: Intsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo ithambisa kakhulu ngaphezulu kwama-300℃, amandla okutsalwa ehla ngama-30%-50%, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwepleyiti yetsheyini, ukuguquka kwephini, kunye nezinye iingxaki. Intsimbi engenazo izixhobo ezininzi, kwelinye icala, ifumana ukuwohloka okukhawulezileyo ngenxa ye-oxidation ye-intergranular kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-chain ende idlule imida evumelekileyo.

- Ukwanda kwe-Oxidation kunye nokuGqwala: Ioksijini, umphunga wamanzi, kunye nemidiya yemizi-mveliso (ezifana neegesi ze-asidi kunye neegrisi) kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu ziyakhawulezisa ukugqwala komphezulu wetsheyini. Isikali se-oxide esibangelwayo sinokubangela ukuxinana kweehinge, ngelixa iimveliso zokugqwala zinciphisa ukugqwala.

- Ukusilela kweNkqubo yokuthambisa: Ioyile yokuthambisa yeminerali eqhelekileyo iyaphuma kwaye ibe yi-carbonizes ngaphezulu kwe-120℃, ilahlekelwe yimpembelelo yayo yokuthambisa. Oku kukhokelela ekunyukeni komlinganiselo wokungqubana phakathi kweerola kunye neepini, okunyusa izinga lokuguguleka ngama-4-6 amaxesha.

- Umngeni Wokufanisa Ukwanda Kobushushu: Ukuba ii-coefficients zokwandiswa kobushushu bezinto zetyathanga (iipleyiti zetyathanga, iiphini, iirola) zahlukile kakhulu, izikhewu zinokwanda okanye ityathanga linokubamba ngexesha lokujikeleza kobushushu, nto leyo echaphazela ukuchaneka kokudluliselwa.

II. Iintlobo zezinto ezingundoqo kunye nohlalutyo lokusebenza kwee-roller chains ezinobushushu obuphezulu

Ngenxa yeempawu ezikhethekileyo zeemeko zokusebenza ezinobushushu obuphezulu, izixhobo ze-roller chain eziphambili zenze iinkqubo ezintathu eziphambili: intsimbi engatyiwayo, intsimbi engatshiyo, kunye nee-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel. Isixhobo ngasinye sinamandla aso ngokubhekiselele kubushushu obuphezulu, amandla, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, okufuna ukuhambelana ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zokusebenza.

1. Uthotho lweNtsimbi Engagqwaliyo: Ukhetho oluSebenzayo kwiiMeko zokusebenza eziPhakathi neziPhezulu

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo, enokumelana kwayo okugqwesileyo kwe-oxidation kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, iye yaba yeyona nto ikhethwayo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphakathi nophezulu ezingaphantsi kwama-400℃. Phakathi kwazo, iigreyidi ezingama-304, 316, kunye ne-310S zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iiroller chain. Umahluko ekusebenzeni uvela ikakhulu kumlinganiselo womxholo we-chromium kunye ne-nickel.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imixokelelwane yentsimbi engagqwaliyo “ayinakuphikiswa.” Intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-304 ibonisa ukuzwela okungaphezulu kwe-450℃, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugqwaleni phakathi kweegranular. Nangona i-310S ingamelani nobushushu, ixabiso layo limalunga nokuphindwe kabini kune-304, nto leyo efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi kweemfuno zobomi.

2. Uthotho lweNsimbi olumelana nobushushu: IiNkokeli zamandla kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu

Xa amaqondo obushushu okusebenza edlula i-800℃, amandla entsimbi eqhelekileyo engatyiwayo ayancipha kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, intsimbi engatshisi ubushushu enomxholo ophezulu we-chromium kunye ne-nickel iba lolona khetho luphambili. Ezi zinto, ngokulungiswa kwemilinganiselo yezinto ze-alloy, zenza ifilimu ye-oxide ezinzileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngelixa zigcina amandla amahle okuqhekeka:

- 2520 Intsimbi Engangenisi Ubushushu (Cr25Ni20Si2): Njengesixhobo esisetyenziswa rhoqo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, amaqondo obushushu ayo exesha elide anokufikelela kwi-950℃, ebonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwimozulu ye-carburizing. Emva konyango lokusasazwa kwe-chromium kumphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kunokuphuculwa ngakumbi nge-40%. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwii-conveyors ze-furnace chain ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi kunye neenkqubo ze-gear pre-oxidation furnace conveyor. Amandla ayo okuxinana ≥520MPa kunye nobude ≥40% amelana ngempumelelo nokuguquguquka kwesakhiwo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

- Intsimbi engatshisi ubushushu yeCr20Ni14Si2: Ngomxholo we-nickel ongaphantsi kancinci kune-2520, inika ukhetho olungabizi kakhulu. Ubushushu bayo obuqhubekayo bunokufikelela kwi-850℃, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwii-intanethi ezishushu kakhulu ezifana nokuveliswa kweglasi kunye nokuthuthwa kwezinto ezinganyangekiyo. Uphawu lwayo oluphambili kukwanda okuzinzileyo kobushushu, okubangela ukuhambelana okungcono nezinto ze-sprocket kunye nokunciphisa ukuthuthwa kwe-transmission.

3. Uthotho lwe-alloy olusekwe kwi-nickel: Isisombululo esigqibeleleyo kwiimeko ezinzima zokusebenza

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ezidlula i-1000℃ okanye xa kukho izinto ezibangela ukubola okukhulu (ezifana nonyango lobushushu lwezinto zeenqwelo-moya kunye nezixhobo zoshishino lwenyukliya), ii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel zizinto ezingenakutshintshwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kubushushu obuphezulu. Ii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel, eziboniswe yi-Inconel 718, ziqulathe i-50%-55% ye-nickel kwaye ziqiniswe ngezinto ezifana ne-niobium kunye ne-molybdenum, zigcina iipropati ezintle zoomatshini nokuba zikwi-1200℃.

Iingenelo eziphambili zeetsheyini ze-alloy ezisekelwe kwi-nickel zezi: ① Amandla e-Creep angaphezulu ngokuphindwe kathathu kunentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-310S; emva kweeyure ezili-1000 zokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwi-1000℃, ukuguquguquka okungapheliyo yi-≤0.5%; ② Ukumelana nokugqwala okunamandla kakhulu, okukwaziyo ukumelana ne-media enamandla e-corrosive efana ne-sulfuric acid kunye ne-nitric acid; ③ Ukusebenza kakuhle kokudinwa kubushushu obuphezulu, okufanelekileyo kwiimeko zokujikeleza kobushushu rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso labo liphindwe ka-5-8 kunentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-310S, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa ezichanekileyo eziphezulu.

4. Izixhobo ezincedisayo kunye neTekhnoloji yoNyango lomphezulu

Ngaphandle kokukhetha i-substrate, iteknoloji yonyango lomphezulu ibalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu. Okwangoku, iinkqubo eziphambili ziquka: ① Ukungena kweChromium: ukwenza ifilimu ye-Cr2O3 oxide kumphezulu wetyathanga, ukuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala ngama-40%, efanelekileyo kwiindawo zeekhemikhali ezinobushushu obuphezulu; ② I-alloy spray coating esekelwe kwi-nickel: kwiindawo eziguga lula ezifana neepini kunye neerola, ubunzima be-coating bunokufikelela kwi-HRC60 okanye ngaphezulu, kwandisa ubomi benkonzo ngamaxesha ama-2-3; ③ I-ceramic coating: isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezingaphezulu kwe-1200℃, isusa ngokufanelekileyo i-oxidation yobushushu obuphezulu, ifanelekile kushishino lwe-metallurgical.

III. Ingqiqo yoKhetho lwezinto kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo zeeTyathanga zeRoller ezishushu kakhulu

Ukukhetha izinto akupheleli nje ekulandeleni “ukuba ubushushu buphezulu, kokukhona kulungileyo,” kodwa endaweni yoko kufuna ukusekwa kwenkqubo yokuvavanya abantu abane “kwixabiso eliphakathi lobushushu.” Ezi zilandelayo ziingcebiso ezisebenzayo zokukhetha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo:

1. Cacisa iiParamitha zokusebenza eziphambili

Ngaphambi kokukhetha, kufuneka kuqokelelwe iiparameter ezintathu ezibalulekileyo: ① Uluhlu lobushushu (ubushushu obusebenzayo obuqhubekayo, ubushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokuphindaphinda komjikelo); ② Iimeko zomthwalo (amandla alinganisiweyo, i-impact load coefficient); ③ Indawo yokusingqongileyo (ubukho bomphunga wamanzi, iigesi ze-asidi, igrisi, njl.njl.). Umzekelo, kwishishini lokubhaka ukutya, ukongeza ekumelaneni nobushushu obuphezulu be-200-300℃, iitsheyini kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yococeko ye-FDA. Ke ngoko, intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-304 okanye ye-316 yeyona ikhethwayo, kwaye kufuneka kuphetshwe ukugqunywa okune-lead.

2. Ukukhetha ngokweeBanga zobushushu

- Ububanzi obuPhakathi bobushushu (150-400℃): Intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304 yeyona ikhethwayo; ukuba kukho ukugqwala okuncinci, phucula uye kwintsimbi engagqwali engama-316. Ukusebenzisa igrisi yobushushu obuphezulu bomgangatho wokutya (efanelekileyo kwishishini lokutya) okanye igrisi esekelwe kwigrafiti (efanelekileyo kwizicelo zoshishino) kunokwandisa ubomi betsheyini bube ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezithathu kunetsheyini eqhelekileyo.

- Uluhlu lobushushu obuphezulu (400-800℃): Intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-310S okanye intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-Cr20Ni14Si2 yeyona ikhethwayo. Kucetyiswa ukuba udibanise ikhonkco nge-chromium kwaye usebenzise igrisi ye-graphite yobushushu obuphezulu (ukumelana nobushushu ≥1000℃), uzalise i-lubrication rhoqo emva kwemijikelo engama-5000.

- Umgangatho wobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-800℃): Khetha intsimbi engatshisiyo ubushushu eyi-2520 (phakathi ukuya phezulu) okanye i-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel ye-Inconel 718 (umgangatho ophezulu) ngokusekelwe kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko. Kule meko, uyilo olungenazithambiso okanye i-lubricant eqinileyo (efana ne-molybdenum disulfide coating) iyafuneka ukuze kuthintelwe ukungaphumeleli kwe-lubricant.

3. Gxininisa ukuhambelana kwezinto kunye nesakhiwo

Ukuhambelana kokwandiswa kobushushu kwazo zonke izinto zetyathanga kubalulekile xa kushushu kakhulu. Umzekelo, xa kusetyenziswa iipleyiti zetyathanga zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ze-310S, iiphini kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo okanye zibe ne-coefficient efanayo yokwandiswa kobushushu njengentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-2520 ukuze kuthintelwe ukususwa okungaqhelekanga okubangelwa kukutshintsha kobushushu. Kwangaxeshanye, iirola eziqinileyo kunye nezakhiwo zetyathanga ezijiyileyo kufuneka zikhethwe ukuphucula ukumelana nokuguquguquka kubushushu obuphezulu.

4. Ifomula yokusebenzisa kakuhle iindleko yokulinganisela ukusebenza kunye neendleko

Kwiimeko zokusebenza ezingezizo ezigqithisileyo, akukho mfuneko yokukhetha ngokungaboniyo izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Umzekelo, kwiifenishi zonyango lobushushu eziqhelekileyo kushishino lwesinyithi (ubushushu obuyi-500℃, akukho mhlwa unamandla), iindleko zokusebenzisa imixokelelwane yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-310S zimalunga ne-60% yentsimbi engatshiyo ye-2520, kodwa ixesha lokuphila lincitshiswa kuphela yi-20%, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweendleko ngokubanzi. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kungabalwa ngokuphindaphinda iindleko zezinto nge-coefficient yexesha lokuphila, ukubeka phambili ukhetho ngexabiso eliphantsi ngexesha ngalinye.

IV. Iingcamango Ezingachanekanga Zokukhetha Okuqhelekileyo kunye Neempendulo Kwimibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

1. Ingcamango Engachanekanga: Lo gama nje izinto zikwazi ukumelana nobushushu, itsheyini iya kuhlala ifanelekile?

Ayichanekanga. Izinto zisisiseko kuphela. Uyilo lwesakhiwo setsheyini (njengobungakanani besithuba kunye neendlela zokuthambisa), inkqubo yonyango lobushushu (njengonyango lwesisombululo ukuphucula amandla obushushu obuphezulu), kunye nokuchaneka kofakelo konke kuchaphazela ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu. Umzekelo, itsheyini yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-310S iya kuncitshiswa amandla ayo obushushu obuphezulu ngama-30% ukuba ayizange ifumane unyango lwesisombululo kwi-1030-1180℃.

2. Umbuzo: Ungayisombulula njani i-chain jamming kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu ngokulungisa izinto?

Ukujika kwentloko kubangelwa kakhulu kukuqhekeka kwe-oxide scale okanye ukwanda kobushushu obungalinganiyo. Izisombululo: ① Ukuba yingxaki ye-oxidation, phucula intsimbi engagqwali ye-304 ibe yi-310S okanye wenze unyango lwe-chromium plating; ② Ukuba yingxaki yokwandiswa kobushushu, hlanganisa izinto zazo zonke iinxalenye zetyathanga, okanye ukhethe iiphini ze-alloy ezisekelwe kwi-nickel ezine-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kobushushu.

3. Umbuzo: Iintambo zobushushu obuphezulu kwishishini lokutya zingalinganisa njani iimfuno zokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nococeko?

Beka phambili intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-304 okanye ye-316L, uphephe ukugqunywa okunezinyithi ezinzima; sebenzisa uyilo olungenamijelo ukuze kube lula ukucoca; sebenzisa ioyile yokuthambisa enobushushu obuphezulu eqinisekisiweyo yi-FDA okanye isakhiwo esizithambisayo (njengeetyathanga ezine-PTFE lubricant).

V. Isishwankathelo: Ukusuka ekuKhethweni kwezinto ukuya ekuThembekeni kwenkqubo

Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-roller chain kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kubandakanya ngokuyintloko ukufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo phakathi kweemeko zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo kunye neendleko zoshishino. Ukususela ekusebenzeni kwezoqoqosho kwe-304 stainless steel, ukuya kwibhalansi yokusebenza kwe-310S stainless steel, kwaye emva koko ukuya kwimpumelelo yokugqibela ye-alloys esekelwe kwi-nickel, isixhobo ngasinye sihambelana neemfuno ezithile zemeko yokusebenza. Kwixesha elizayo, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yezinto, izinto ezintsha ze-alloy ezidibanisa amandla obushushu obuphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi ziya kuba ngumkhwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwinqanaba langoku, ukuqokelela ngokuchanekileyo iiparameter zokusebenza kunye nokuseka inkqubo yovavanyo lwesayensi zezona zinto ziphambili zokufezekisa iinkqubo zothumelo ezizinzileyo nezithembekileyo.