Intshayelelo kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zonyango lobushushu kwiitsheyini

Intshayelelo kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zonyango lobushushu kwiitsheyini
Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwetyathanga, inkqubo yonyango lobushushu yeyona nto iphambili ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwetyathanga. Ngokusebenzisa unyango lobushushu, amandla, ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nobomi bokudinwa kwetyathanga kunokuphuculwa kakhulu ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa ngokweenkcukacha iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zonyango lobushushuimixokelelwane, kuquka ukucima, ukufudumala, ukugaya i-carburizing, ukukhupha i-nitriding, ukukhupha i-carbonitriding kunye nezinye iinkqubo

1. Isishwankathelo senkqubo yonyango lobushushu
Unyango lobushushu yinkqubo etshintsha ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwezinto zesinyithi ngokufudumeza, ukufudumala kunye nokupholisa ukuze kufumaneke ukusebenza okufunekayo. Kwiitsheyini, unyango lobushushu lunokuphucula iimpawu zazo zoomatshini kwaye luzigcine zisebenza ngokuzinzileyo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima.

2. Inkqubo yokucima
Ukucima umbane yenye yezona nkqubo zixhaphakileyo kunyango lobushushu betsheyini. Injongo kukuphucula ubulukhuni kunye namandla etsheyini ngokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. La manyathelo alandelayo enkqubo yokucima umbane:
1. Ukufudumeza
Fudumeza itsheyini ukuya kubushushu obufanelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ubushushu bokucima bezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Umzekelo, kwiitsheyini zentsimbi yekhabhoni, ubushushu bokucima buhlala bumalunga ne-850℃.
2. Ukuvala ubushushu
Emva kokufikelela kubushushu bokucima, gcina ixesha elithile lokukhusela ukuze ubushushu bangaphakathi betsheyini bufane. Ixesha lokukhusela lidla ngokugqitywa ngokobungakanani kunye neempawu zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zetsheyini.
3. Ukucima
Itsheyini ifakwa ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokucima umlilo efana namanzi abandayo, ioyile okanye amanzi anetyuwa. Ukukhetha indawo yokucima umlilo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifunekayo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kwetsheyini. Umzekelo, kwiitsheyini zentsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephezulu, ukucima ioyile kudla ngokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuguquka.
4. Ukulinganisela
Itsheyini ecinyiweyo iya kuvelisa uxinzelelo olukhulu lwangaphakathi, ngoko ke unyango lokupholisa luyafuneka. Ukupholisa kukufudumeza itsheyini ecinyiweyo ukuya kubushushu obufanelekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-Ac1), uyigcine ifudumele ixesha elithile, uze uyipholise. Ukupholisa kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwaye konyuse ukuqina kwetsheyini.

III. Inkqubo yokunciphisa
Ukufudumala yinkqubo eyongezelelweyo emva kokucima. Injongo yayo ephambili kukususa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, ukulungisa ubulukhuni kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokucubungula. Ngokweqondo lobushushu bokufudumala, ukufudumala kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube kukufudumala okuphantsi kobushushu (150℃-250℃), ukufudumala okuphakathi kobushushu (350℃-500℃) kunye nokufudumala okuphezulu kobushushu (ngaphezulu kwama-500℃). Umzekelo, kwiitsheyini ezifuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu, kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukufudumala okuphakathi kobushushu.

IV. Inkqubo yokufaka iikhabhoritha
I-Carburizing yinkqubo yokuqinisa umphezulu, esetyenziswa kakhulu ukuphucula ubulukhuni kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka komphezulu wetsheyini. Inkqubo ye-carburizing ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ukufudumeza
Fudumeza itsheyini ukuya kubushushu be-carburizing, ngesiqhelo yi-900℃-950℃.

2. Ukugalela iCarburizing
Beka ikhonkco kwindawo egalela i-carburizing medium, njengesisombululo se-sodium cyanide okanye umoya ogalela i-carburizing, ukuze ii-athomu zekhabhoni zisasazeke kumphezulu nangaphakathi kwekhonkco.

3. Ukucima
Ikhonkco elifakwe i-carburing kufuneka licinywe ukuze kuqiniswe umaleko ofakwe i-carburing kwaye kwandiswe ubulukhuni.

4. Ukulinganisela
Ikhonkco elicinyiweyo liyancitshiswa ukuze kupheliswe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwaye kulungiswe ubulukhuni.

5. Inkqubo yokunitha
I-nitriding yinkqubo yokuqinisa umphezulu ephucula ubulukhuni kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwetsheyini ngokwenza umaleko we-nitride kumphezulu wetsheyini. Inkqubo ye-nitriding idla ngokwenziwa kubushushu obuyi-500℃-600℃, kwaye ixesha le-nitriding limiselwa ngokobungakanani kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kwetsheyini.

6. Inkqubo yokucoca ngekhabhoni
I-Carbonitriding yinkqubo edibanisa iingenelo ze-carburizing kunye ne-nitriding, kwaye isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuphucula ubulukhuni kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka komphezulu wetsheyini. Inkqubo ye-carbonitriding ibandakanya ukufudumeza, i-nitriding, ukucima kunye nokushisa.

7. Inkqubo yokucima umphezulu
Ukucima umphezulu kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuphucula ubulukhuni kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka komphezulu wetsheyini ngelixa kugcinwa ubulukhuni ngaphakathi. Ukucima umphezulu kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube kukucima umphezulu wokufudumala ngokungenisa, ukucima umphezulu wokufudumala ngomlilo kunye nokucima umphezulu wokufudumala ngoqhagamshelwano lombane ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza.
1. Ukucima umphezulu wokufudumeza we-induction
Ukucima umphezulu wobushushu be-induction kusebenzisa umgaqo wokungenisa nge-electromagnetic ukufudumeza umphezulu wetsheyini ngokukhawuleza ukuya kubushushu bokucima uze emva koko uphole ngokukhawuleza. Le ndlela ineengenelo zesantya sokufudumeza esikhawulezayo kunye nobunzulu bomaleko wokucima obulawulekayo.
2. Ukucima umphezulu wokufudumeza ilangatye
Ukucima umphezulu wobushushu belangatye kukusebenzisa ilangatye ukufudumeza umphezulu wetsheyini uze uyicime. Le ndlela ifanelekile kwiitsheyini ezinkulu okanye ukucima kwendawo.

VIII. Unyango lokwaluphala
Unyango lokwaluphala yinkqubo ephucula iipropati zezinto zesinyithi ngeendlela zendalo okanye ezenziwe ngumntu. Unyango lokwaluphala lwendalo kukubeka isixhobo sokusebenzela kubushushu begumbi ixesha elide, ngelixa unyango lokwaluphala lwenziwa ngokufudumeza ukuya kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye lugcinwe lushushu ixesha elifutshane.

IX. Ukukhethwa kwenkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu
Ukukhethwa kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yokunyanga ubushushu kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, indawo yokusetyenziswa kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kwetsheyini. Umzekelo, kwiitsheyini ezinomthwalo omninzi nezinganyangekiyo kakhulu, iinkqubo zokucima kunye nokupholisa zizinto eziqhelekileyo; ngelixa kwiitsheyini ezifuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu bomphezulu, iinkqubo ze-carburizing okanye ze-carbonitriding zifanelekile ngakumbi.
X. Ulawulo lwenkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu
Ulawulo lomgangatho wenkqubo yonyango lobushushu lubalulekile. Kwindlela esebenza ngayo, iiparameter ezifana nobushushu bokufudumeza, ixesha lokubamba kunye nesantya sokupholisa kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kwesiphumo sonyango lobushushu.

Isiphelo
Ngenkqubo yonyango lobushushu engentla, ukusebenza kwetsheyini kunokuphuculwa kakhulu ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Xa kukhethwa iitsheyini, abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi kufuneka baqonde inkqubo yonyango lobushushu lweetsheyini ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa kunye neemfuno zokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ezithengiweyo zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zazo zokusetyenziswa.