Maitiro eRoller Chain Industry Standardization: Kubva kuMechanical Foundation kusvika kuGlobal Collaboration
Se "tsinga dzeropa" dzekutumira ropa mumaindasitiri, maroller chains ave nebasa guru rekutumira simba uye kutakura zvinhu kubva pakatanga. Kubva pamifananidzo muRenaissance kusvika kuzvinhu zvanhasi zvine simba zvinosimudzira indasitiri yepasi rose, kuvandudzwa kwemaroller chains kwakabatana zvakanyanya nemaitiro ekuenzanisa. Kuenzanisa hakungotsananguri chete DNA yehunyanzvi hwecheni dzinotendereraasi zvakare inogadza mitemo yekushandira pamwe chete yecheni yepasi rose yeindasitiri, ichiva chinhu chikuru chinotungamira kukura kweindasitiri yepamusoro uye kutengeserana kwenyika dzese.
I. Kusavapo kweEmbryo neKutsvaga: Kusawirirana kweTekinoroji Kusati Kwaitwa Standardization (Pre-19th Century - 1930s)
Kushanduka kwetekinoroji kwemaketani anotenderera kwakatangira kuumbwa kwehurongwa hwekuyera. Nguva iyi yekutsvaga yakaunganidza ruzivo rwakakosha rwekugadzira zviyero zvinotevera. Kare kunenge muna 200 BC, vhiri remvura renyika yangu rekeel uye pombi yemvura yemabhaketi ekare eRoma yakaratidza nzira dzekare dzekutumira cheni. Zvisinei, macheni aya ekutakura zvinhu aive akareruka uye aingokwanisa kusangana nezvinodiwa chaizvo.
Munguva yeRenaissance, Leonardo da Vinci akatanga kupa pfungwa yecheni yekutumira, achiisa hwaro hwedzidziso yecheni yeroller yakagadzirwa naGall muFrance muna 1832 uye cheni yeroller isina maoko yaJames Slater muBritain muna 1864 zvishoma nezvishoma zvakavandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwecheni uye kugara kwenguva refu. Zvakatozosvika muna 1880 apo mainjiniya wekuBritain Henry Reynolds akagadzira cheni yeroller yemazuva ano, iyo yakatsiva sliding friction nekukakavadzana pakati pemaroller nemasprocket, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kurasikirwa kwesimba. Chimiro ichi chakava chiyero chekugadziriswa kwakatevera.
Kubva pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 kusvika kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kushandiswa kwecheni dzinotenderera kwakawedzera mumaindasitiri ari kubuda akadai semabhasikoro, mota, uye ndege. Madhiraivha echeni akapinda muindasitiri yemabhasikoro muna 1886, aishandiswa mumotokari muna 1889, uye akakwira mudenga nendege yehama dzaWright muna 1903. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa panguva iyoyo kwaitsamira zvizere pane zvinodiwa nekambani. Zvimiro zvakaita secheni pitch, ukobvu hweplate, uye dhayamita yeroller zvaisiyana zvakanyanya pakati pevagadziri, zvichikonzera mamiriro ezvinhu asina kurongeka e "fekitori imwe, standard imwe, muchina mumwe, cheni imwe." Kutsiva cheni kwaifanira kuenderana nemuenzaniso wemugadziri wekutanga, zvichikonzera mitengo yakakwira yekugadzirisa uye kudzikamisa zvakanyanya kukura kweindasitiri. Kupatsanurwa uku kwetekinoroji kwakagadzira kudiwa kukuru kwekuenzanisa.
II. Kukwira kweDunhu: Kuumbwa kweNyika neMatunhu eZviyero (1930-1960)
Nekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemichina mumaindasitiri, masangano ekuenzanisa mamiriro enzvimbo akatanga kutonga kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi hwemaroller chain, achiumba masisitimu maviri makuru ehunyanzvi ari muUnited States neEurope, zvichiva hwaro hwekubatana kwenyika dzakawanda kwakazotevera.
(I) Sisitimu yeAmerica: Hwaro hweMaitiro Eindasitiri hweANSI Standard
Semunhu akakosha muIndustrial Revolution, United States ndiyo yakatanga maitiro ekugadzika kweroller chain standardization. Muna 1934, American Roller and Silent Chain Manufacturers Association yakagadzira ASA Roller Chain Standard (yakazoshanduka kuita ANSI Standard), iyo yakatsanangura kekutanga ma core parameters uye nzira dzekuyedza dze short-pitch precision roller chains. ANSI standard inoshandisa imperial units, uye system yayo yekuverenga nhamba yakasiyana—cheni nhamba inomiririra chikamu chimwe muzvisere che inch pitch. Semuenzaniso, cheni #40 ine pitch ye 4/8 inch (12.7mm), uye cheni #60 ine pitch ye 6/8 inch (19.05mm). Iyi intuitive specification system ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumusika weNorth America.
Mutemo uyu unopatsanura magiredhi ezvigadzirwa zvichienderana nemamiriro akasiyana ekushanda: macheni madiki akadai se #40 akakodzera kushandiswa mumaindasitiri akareruka uye ari pakati nepakati, nepo saizi #100 zvichikwira dzichisangana nezvinodiwa zvemaindasitiri akareruka. Unotaurawo kuti mutoro wekushanda unowanzova 1/6 kusvika 1/8 yesimba rekupwanya. Kuunzwa kwechiyero cheANSI kwakaita kuti kugadzirwa kukuru kuitwe muindasitiri yemacheni eUS, uye kushandiswa kwayo kwakapararira mumichina yekurima, peturu, migodhi, nedzimwe nzvimbo kwakakurumidza kusimbisa chinzvimbo chepamusoro mutekinoroji.
(II) Sisitimu yeEurope: Kuongorora Kugadziriswa kweBS Standard
Kune rumwe rutivi, Europe yakagadzira hunhu hwayo hwehunyanzvi zvichibva pachiyero cheBritish BS. Kusiyana nemazinga eANSI, ayo anotarisa pakushanda kwemaindasitiri, zviyero zveBS zvinosimbisa kugadzirwa kwakarurama uye kuchinjana, zvichiisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvezviratidzo zvakaita sekushivirira kweprofile yemazino esprocket uye simba rekuneta kwecheni. Hondo Yenyika II isati yatanga, nyika zhinji dzeEurope dzakatora sisitimu yeBS standard, zvichigadzira musiyano wetekinoroji nemusika weAmerica.
Munguva iyi, kuumbwa kwemitemo yedunhu kwakasimudzira zvakanyanya kushandira pamwe mukati meketani yemaindasitiri emuno: makambani ekugadzira zvinhu ekumusoro akapa simbi hunhu hwakananga hwekushanda zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, vagadziri vepakati vakawana kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwezvikamu, uye makambani ekushandisa ekumusoro akaderedza mari yekugadzirisa michina. Zvisinei, kusiyana kwema parameter pakati pemasisitimu maviri kwakagadzirawo zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana - michina yeAmerica yaive yakaoma kugadzirisa kune cheni dzeEurope, uye zvinopesana, zvichiisa hwaro hwekubatana kwemitemo yepasi rose.
(III) Kutanga kweAsia: Kutanga kweJapan kweMitemo Yepasi Pose
Munguva iyi, Japan yakashandisa nzira yekutenga tekinoroji, pakutanga ichitora nzira yeANSI standard system yekugadzirisa michina inopinzwa kunze kwenyika. Zvisinei, nekuwedzera kwekutengeserana kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika mushure meHondo Yenyika II, Japan yakatanga kuunza BS standards kuti isangane nezvinodiwa nemusika weEurope, zvichigadzira nguva yekuchinja ye "dual standards in parallel." Iyi flexible adaptation yakaunganidza ruzivo rwekutora chikamu kwayo mu international standards setting.
III. Kushandira pamwe kwepasi rose: Kubatanidzwa uye Kudzokororwa kweISO Standards (1960-2000s)
Kukura kwekutengeserana kwenyika dzese pamwe nekufambiswa kwetekinoroji yepasi rose kwakaita kuti mitemo yekutengeserana ishande kubva pakupatsanuka kwenzvimbo kuenda pakubatana kwenyika dzese. Sangano reInternational Organisation for Standardization (ISO) rakava ndiro rakatungamira maitiro aya, richibatanidza zvakanakira tekinoroji yeEurope neUnited States kuti vagadzire hurongwa hwemitemo hunoshanda pasi rose.
(I) Kuberekwa kweISO 606: Kubatanidzwa kweMasisitimu Makuru Maviri
Muna 1967, ISO yakagamuchira Recommendation R606 (ISO/R606-67), ichitanga muenzaniso wekutanga wechiyero chepasi rose chemaketani anotenderera. Chaizvoizvo, kubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi hweAnglo-American standards, chiyero ichi chakachengetedza kushanda kwemaindasitiri kwechiyero cheANSI ukuwo chichiwedzera zvinodiwa zveBS standard, zvichipa hwaro hwekutanga hwakabatana hwehunyanzvi hwekutengeserana kwecheni yepasi rose.
Muna 1982, ISO 606 yakaburitswa zviri pamutemo, ichitsiva kurudziro yenguva pfupi. Yakajekesa zvinodiwa pakuchinjana kwemativi, zviratidzo zvekushanda kwesimba, uye zviyero zve sprocket meshing zvemacheni e roller ane hunyanzi hwepitch. Mutemo uyu, kekutanga, wakaisa miganho pa "chimiro chemazino chepamusoro uye chidiki," ichityora mitemo yaimbova yakaoma pamaumbirwo emazino chaiwo, ichipa vagadziri nzvimbo yakakodzera yekugadzira uku vachivimbisa kuchinjana.
(II) Kuvandudzwa Kwakarongeka: Kubva paParamende Imwe Chete kusvika paKutsanangurwa Kwakazara kweChain
Muna 1994, ISO yakagadzirisa zvikuru chiyero che606, ichibatanidza bush chain, accessories, uye sprocket technology muchimiro chakabatana, ichigadzirisa kusawirirana kwakamboitika pakati pecheni nezvikamu zvakabatana. Kugadziriswa uku kwakaunzawo "dynamic load strength" metric kekutanga, ichiisa zvinodiwa pakuneta kwecheni dzetambo imwe chete, zvichiita kuti chiyero chive chakakodzera mamiriro chaiwo ekushanda.
Munguva iyi, nyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzakatevedzera mitemo yepasi rose: China yakaburitsa GB/T 1243-1997 muna 1997, ikashandisa zvizere ISO 606:1994 uye yakatsiva mitemo mitatu yaimbova yakasiyana; Japan yakaisa zviratidzo zve ISO muJIS B 1810 series yemitemo, ichiumba hurongwa hwakasiyana hwe "zviyero zvepasi rose + kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo." Kuwiriraniswa kwemitemo yepasi rose kwakaderedza zvakanyanya mitengo yekutengeserana. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hweindasitiri, kushandiswa kweISO 606 kwakaderedza kusawirirana kwezviyero mukutengeserana kwepasi rose neanopfuura 70%.
(III) Mitemo Yekuwedzera Yakakosha: Magadzirirwo Akarurama Eminda Yakanangana
Nekusiyana-siyana kwekushandiswa kweroller chain, zviyero zvakakosha zveminda chaiyo zvakabuda. Muna 1985, China yakaburitsa GB 6076-1985, "Short Pitch Precision Bushing Chains for Transmission," ichizadza musiyano mumazinga e bushing chain. JB/T 3875-1999, yakagadziridzwa muna 1999, chain dzakagadzirwa dzakasimba dzinorema kuti dzisangane nezvinodiwa zvemichina inorema. Aya mazinga akakosha anoenderana neISO 606, achiumba sisitimu yakazara ye "basic standard + specialized standard".
IV. Kupa Simba Nekunyatso: Kufambira Mberi Kwehunyanzvi Kwemitemo Muzana Remakore Rechi21 (Kusvika Pari Zvino)
Muzana remakore rechi21, kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwemidziyo yepamusoro-soro, kugadzirwa otomatiki, uye zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza kwakaita kuti mitemo ye "roller chain" ienderane nekushanda kwakanyatsojeka, kushanda kwepamusoro, uye kushanda kwegirini. Masangano eISO nemasangano emitemo yenyika akaramba achigadzirisa mitemo kuti ienderane zviri nani nezvinodiwa zvekuvandudza indasitiri.
(I) ISO 606:2004/2015: Kubudirira Kwakaviri Mukuita Zvakanaka Uye Kushanda
Muna 2004, ISO yakaburitsa chiyero chitsva che606 (ISO 606:2004), ichibatanidza zviyero zvepakutanga zveISO 606 neISO 1395, zvichiita kuti pave nekubatana kwakakwana kwemazinga eroller nebush chain. Chiyero ichi chakawedzera huwandu hwezvinodiwa, chichiwedzera pitch kubva pa6.35mm kusvika pa114.30mm, uye chinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: Series A (yakabva kuANSI), Series B (yakabva kuEurope), uye ANSI Heavy Duty Series, zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa zvezviitiko zvese, kubva pamichina chaiyo kusvika kumidziyo inorema.
Muna 2015, ISO 606:2015 yakawedzera kusimbisa zvinodiwa zve dimensional accuracy, ichideredza pitch deviation range ne15%, uye yakawedzera zviratidzo zvekushanda kwezvakatipoteredza (zvakadai sekutevedzera RoHS), ichikurudzira shanduko yeindasitiri yecheni kuenda ku "manufacturing accuracy + green production." Standard iyi inonatsiridzawo kupatsanurwa kwemhando dzezvishongedzo uye inowedzera gwara rekugadzira zvishongedzo zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvemitsetse yekugadzira otomatiki.
(II) Kushandira pamwe nekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva mumitemo yenyika: Chidzidzo cheChina
Kunyange zvazvo ichitevera mitemo yepasi rose, China iri kuvandudzawo zvinhu zvitsva zvichienderana nehunhu hwemaindasitiri ayo emuno. GB/T 1243-2006, yakaburitswa muna 2006, yakaenzana neISO 606:2004 uye kekutanga inosanganisa zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvecheni, zvishongedzo, uye sprockets kuita chiyero chimwe chete. Inojekesawo nzira dzekuverenga simba recheni mbiri nedzetatu, ichigadzirisa kushomeka kwehwaro hwakavimbika hwesimba remutoro rinoshanduka recheni dzine tambo dzakawanda.
Muna 2024, GB/T 1243-2024 yakatanga kushanda zviri pamutemo, ichiva gwara guru rekuvandudza tekinoroji yeindasitiri. Mutemo mutsva uyu unobudirira muzviratidzo zvepakati zvakaita sekururama kwedhigirii uye kugona kwekutakura mutoro: simba rakatarwa remuenzaniso mumwe chete wecheni rinowedzerwa ne20%, uye dhayamita yedenderedzwa re sprocket pitch inoderedzwa, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwe5%-8% mukushanda kwesystem yekutumira. Inowedzerawo chikamu chitsva chezvishongedzo zvekutarisa zvine hungwaru, zvichitsigira kutarisa kwezviyero zvakaita sekupisa nekudengenyeka, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neIndustry 4.0. Nekubatana zvakadzama neISO standards, mutemo uyu unobatsira zvigadzirwa zveChinese roller chain kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi mukutengeserana kwenyika dzese uye kuwedzera kuzivikanwa kwazvo pamusika wepasi rose.
(III) Kuvandudzwa Kwemaitiro Edunhu Kwakasiyana-siyana: Maitiro eJIS yeJapan
Japan Industrial Standards Commission (JISC) inogara ichivandudza JIS B 1810 series yemitemo. Chinyorwa cha2024 cheJIS B 1810:2024, chakaburitswa muna 2024, chinotarisa pakusimbisa zvinodiwa pakuiswa nekugadzirisa uye nhungamiro dzekugadzirisa mamiriro ekushanda. Chinowedzerawo zvinodiwa pakushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvakaita se carbon fiber composites uye ceramic coatings, zvichipa hwaro hwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira cheni dzakareruka, dzakasimba. Nzira dzakadzama dzekusarudza uye dzekuverenga dziri mu standard dzinobatsira makambani kuderedza mwero wekutadza kwemidziyo uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwecheni.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-15-2025