Maketani Anotenderera: Dombo Rekona Risingaonekwe Rekuvandudza Kurima

Maketani Anotenderera: Dombo Rekona Risingaonekwe Rekuvandudza Kurima

Pakukurukura nezvebudiriro yekurima, pfungwa dzinowanzo tarisa pamidziyo yekurima inooneka yakaita semichina yekukohwa mikuru uye masisitimu ekudiridza akangwara, asi vashoma vanoteerera zvinhu zvakajairika.cheni dzinotendereramukati mehurongwa hwavo hwekutumira zvinhu. Kutaura zvazviri, kubva pakurima mumunda kusvika pakugadzira zviyo, kubva pakuberekesa zvipfuyo kusvika pakufambisa zvigadzirwa zvekurima, maroller chains, nekushanda kwavo kwakasimba uye kwakavimbika kwekutumira zvinhu, zvave chinhu chisingaoneki chinoita kuti cheni yese yeindasitiri yekurima ishande zvakanaka. Kukosha kwavo kusingabatike kuri kukanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa, kudzora mitengo, uye budiriro inoenderera mberi.

1. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti kugadzirwa kunoramba kuripo: Chipingamupinyi chikuru pakuderedza "kurasikirwa kwakavanzika" mukurima

Kurima kunonyanya kukonzerwa nemwaka uye nguva. Kukundikana kwemidziyo kamwe kamwe kunogona kukonzera mwaka wekudyara usina kurongwa, mwaka wekukohwa wakanonoka, uye kurasikirwa kwehupfumi kusingadzoreki. Sechinhu chikuru chinotapurirana michina yekurima, maroller chains, ane mwero wakaderera wekukundikana, chipingamupinyi chikuru chekuona kuti kugadzirwa kunoramba kuripo.

Munzvimbo huru dzinogadzira gorosi, zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita sedhiramu remusoro nedhiramu rekupura remakonzo evanogadzira gorosi zvinoshandisa maroller chain kuti zvitumirwe. Maroller chain emhando yepamusoro akagadzirwa nesimbi yakasimba uye anogadziriswa nekupisa kuti agone kukurira mitoro yekukanganiswa uye kukweshana nguva dzose kwemabasa ekukohwa. Data rinoratidza kuti makonzo ane maroller chain emhando yepamusoro ane avhareji yenguva yekushanda isina matambudziko inodarika maawa 800, kuwedzera kwe40% zvichienzaniswa nemaronzo akajairwa. Zvisinei, munguva yekukohwa chibage, mamwe mapurazi anotambura nekutyoka kwecheni nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemaroller chain asina kunaka. Izvi hazvingodi chete mazuva 2-3 ekushanda kwekutsiva zvikamu, asiwo zvinowedzera kurasikirwa kwechibage neinenge 15% paeka nekuda kwekugara uye kuonda. Hunhu uhwu hwekuti "hapana kukundikana kunoita kuti maroller chain ave chinhu chakavanzika mukuderedza "kurasikirwa kwakavanzika" mukurima.

Mukurima zvipfuyo, kushanda kwenguva refu kwezvishandiso zvekudyisa zvinozvigadzira uye michina yekubvisa manyowa kunoenderanawo nemaketani anotenderera. Mafekitori makuru emapurazi anoita nzendo dzakawanda dzekudzoka zuva nezuva, uye kuramba kupfeka kwemaketani anotenderera kunosarudza zvakananga nguva yekugadzirisa michina. Ongororo yekuenzanisa yakaitwa nepurazi renguruve rakaomesesa yakawana kuti macheni anotenderera akajairika aida kutsiviwa mwedzi mitatu yega yega paavhareji. Kumiswa kwega kwega kwekugadzirisa kwakakonzera kunonoka kwekudya, zvichikanganisa kukura kwenguruve. Kuchinja kune macheni anotenderera akanyatsogadzirwa kwakawedzera hupenyu hwawo hwekushanda kusvika kumwedzi gumi nemisere, zvichideredza mari yekugadzirisa ne60,000 yuan pagore ukuwo zvichidzivirirawo kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekudyisa nguva isati yakwana.

II. Kuvandudza Kushanda Kwekutakura: Simba Risingaonekwe Rinogonesa "Kururama" uye "Kuyera" muKurima

Chinhu chikuru chekuvandudza kurima "kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka," uye kushanda zvakanaka kwe "roller chains" kwakabatana zvakananga nekushanda nemazvo uye kukura kwemichina yekurima. Zvichienzaniswa nekutsvedza uye kudhura kwakanyanya kwe "belt drives", hunhu hwe "fixed-ratio transmission" hwe "roller chains" hunoita kuti michina yekurima ikwanise kuita mirairo chaiyo, zvichipa rutsigiro rwakakosha pakurima nemazvo uye kugadzirwa kukuru.

Munguva yekudyara, mita yembeu yemuchina wekudzvara mbeu yakanyatsogadzirwa inobatanidzwa nemagetsi kuburikidza neroller chain. Kukanganisa kwekutumira kwecheni kunofanirwa kudzorwa mukati me0.5% kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yezvirimwa yakaenzana uye kudzika kwekudyara kwakafanana. Chibhorani chembeu chisina kurimwa chakagadzirwa nekambani yetekinoroji yekurima chinoshandisa roller chain yakagadzirwa, ichivandudza kururama kwembeu kubva pa ±3 cm kusvika ±1 cm. Izvi zvinoderedza kukanganisa kwembeu paeka ne8%. Izvi hazvingodziviriri chete mari yembeu asiwo zvinowedzera goho paeka neanenge 5% nekuda kwekuenzana kwezvirimwa. Kuvandudzwa uku kwe "millimeter-level" kwakanyatsoratidza kukosha kusingabatike kweroller chains.

Kumapurazi makuru, kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba remagetsi emuchina mukuru wekurima kunosarudza nzvimbo yekushanda uye kugona kwekugadzira. Matiller anotenderera anofambiswa nematractor, magejo akadzika, nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandisa macheni anotenderera kushandura simba reinjini kuita simba rekushanda. Macheni anotenderera emhando yepamusoro anogona kuita kuti simba rekufambisa riwedzere kupfuura 98%, nepo macheni asingashande zvakanaka zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwesimba uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kwe10%-15%. Semuenzaniso, tarakita yesimba remabhiza 150 ine cheni inotenderera inoshanda zvakanyanya inogona kufukidza mamwe maeka 30 pazuva. Tichifunga kuti mari yekushanda ye80 yuan paeka, izvi zvinogona kuunza mari inosvika 100,000 yuan mukuwedzera kwemutengo pamwaka wekushanda.

III. Kuwedzera Nguva dzeMidziyo: Rutsigiro Rwenguva Refu rweKuvandudza Marongerwo Emitengo Yekurima

Midziyo yekurima chinhu chakakosha pakurima, uye hupenyu hwayo hwekushanda hunokanganisa zvakananga mitengo yenguva refu yekurima. Kugara kwenguva refu uye kugona kuchinjika kwemaketani anotenderera hakungoderedzi nguva yekutsiviwa kwemidziyo chete asiwo kunoderedza kupera kwezvinhu zvine chekuita nayo kuburikidza nekufambiswa kwakasimba, nokudaro zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwemidziyo yese uye kuwana kukosha kwenguva refu kwe "kudzikisa mitengo nekuvandudza mashandiro."

Mukugadzirisa zviyo, masisitimu ekufambisa maroller emagayo eupfu, magayo emupunga, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvinoenderana nekushanda kwakasimba kwemaroller chains. Kusakwana kwe meshing chaiyo yemacheni asina kunaka kunogona kutungamira mukushanda kweroller kusina kugadzikana, zvichiwedzera kupfeka pamabearings, magiya, nezvimwe zvikamu, zvichipfupisa hupenyu hwese hwemidziyo ne30%. Maroller chains anoshandisa carburizing uye quenching process, kune rumwe rutivi, haangowedzere hupenyu hwawo kusvika kumakore anopfuura mashanu chete asiwo anoderedza kuwanda kwekutsiviwa kwezvikamu zvine chekuita nazvo, zvichideredza mari yekugadzirisa michina ne40%. Chigayo cheupfu chepakati nepakati chakaratidza kuti nekungotsiva maroller chains emhando yepamusoro, anogona kuchengetedza 80,000 kusvika 100,000 yuan mumari yegore negore yekugadzirisa michina uye kuwedzera nguva yekudzikira kwemutengo wemidziyo kubva pamakore masere kusvika gumi nemaviri.

Uyezve, kushanduka-shanduka kwemaketani eroller kunoita kuti pave nekudzora mitengo mukurima. Maketani eroller ane hunyanzvi hwakafanana anogona kushandiswa nemarudzi akasiyana uye mhando dzemichina yekurima, zvichideredza kumanikidzwa kwezvinhu zvekuchengetedza mumapurazi. Kune mapurazi ari kure, kusakwana kwezvikamu zvekuchengetedza kazhinji ndiyo dambudziko guru mushure mekukundikana kwemidziyo. Kushanduka-shanduka kwemaketani eroller kunoita kuti mapurazi awane hunyanzvi hushoma hwekugadzirisa nekukurumidza michina yakasiyana-siyana, zvichideredza mari yekuchengetedza zvinhu.

IV. Kukurudzira Kuvandudzwa kweMichina yeKurima: Pfungwa Yekutsigira Kubudirira Kwekurima Kunogara Kwakasimba

Sezvo kurima kwepasi rose kuchichinja kuenda kune tsika dzekurima, dzinoshanda zvakanaka, uye dzinogara kwenguva refu, zvinodiwa zvezvikamu zvekutumira mumidziyo mitsva yekurima zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera kuoma. Kushanduka kwetekinoroji kwemaketani eroller kuri kupa rutsigiro rwakakosha rwekuvandudzwa kwemichina yekurima uye kutungamira shanduko munzira dzekugadzira zvekurima.

Mumichina mitsva yekurima ine simba, michina mitsva yakaita sematrakita emagetsi nemichina yekudiridza yezuva inowedzera kudiwa kwakanyanya kweruzha rushoma uye kushandiswa kwesimba shoma mumagetsi avo. Nekugadzirisa chimiro cheplate yecheni uye kushandisa mafuta akanyarara, maroller chain echinyakare anogona kuderedza ruzha kusvika pasi pe65 decibels uye kushandiswa kwesimba ne5%, zvichiita kuti akwane zvakakwana kune zvinodiwa nemichina mitsva yekurima ine simba. Muchina wekukohwa wemagetsi wakagadzirwa nekambani yakati, wakashongedzerwa neroller chain yakanyarara, haungosviki chete padanho reruzha pakushanda kweminda asiwo unoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, uchiwedzera nguva yekushanda ne1.5 awa imwe chete, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.

Mukurima kwezvakatipoteredza, kuramba ngura kwemaroller chain kunoita kuti michina yekurima isingakuvadzi zvakatipoteredza ishandiswe. Michina yekudyara mupunga nemichina yekudzivirira zvirimwa inoshandiswa muminda yemupunga inosangana nenzvimbo dzine hunyoro uye guruva kwenguva yakareba, uko cheni dzechinyakare dzinowanzoita ngura uye dzinokundikana. Zvisinei, maroller chain akagadzirwa nesimbi isina ngura kana ane machira epamusoro anogona kutsungirira ngura yeacid nealkali uye kunyudzwa mumvura ine matope, zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwawo hwebasa nekanopfuura kaviri. Izvi hazvingoderedzi marara anokonzerwa nekutsiviwa kwecheni asiwo zvinoderedza kusvibiswa kwevhu nemvura kubva mukushanda kwemichina yekurima, zvichienderana nekukura kwekurima kwezvakatipoteredza.

Uyezve, dhizaini yemaroller chains inogadzirisa kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemichina yekurima. Nekubatanidza masensa mucheni, maparamita akadai sekumanikidzwa kwesystem yekutumira uye tembiricha zvinogona kutariswa panguva chaiyo, zvichitumira data iri kusystem yekutonga yemuchina, zvichigonesa kugadziriswa kwekufanotaura. Kana yambiro dzekupfeka cheni dzikaonekwa, system inogona kuzivisa vanoshanda kuti vatsive cheni, vachidzivirira kukanganiswa kwekugadzirwa kunokonzerwa nekukundikana kamwe kamwe. Kusanganiswa uku kwe "hungwaru + kutumirwa kwakavimbika" kuri kuva chikamu chakakosha chekurima kwakangwara.

Maitiro Ekusarudza: Kuziva "Kukosha Kusingabatike" kweRoller Chains

Kune vanorima, kusarudza cheni yeroller yakakodzera chinhu chinodiwa kuti ione kukosha kwayo kusingabatike. Paunenge uchitenga, tarisa pane zviratidzo zvitatu zvakakosha: Chekutanga, "Zvinhu uye Unyanzvi." Sarudza zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nesimbi dzakasimba dzakadai se40Cr ne20Mn2, dzinoomeswa neroller carburizing. Chechipiri, "Precision Grade." Michina yekurima inokurudzira kushandisa cheni dzine ISO Grade 6 kana kupfuura kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inotumirwa zvakanaka. Chechitatu, "Kuenderana." Sarudza dhayamita yepitch neroller inoenderana nesimba, kumhanya, uye nzvimbo yekushanda yemichina yekurima. Kugadziriswa kunowanikwa kana zvichidikanwa.

Kugadzirisa nguva dzose kwakakoshawo. Paunenge uchiishandisa zuva nezuva, chenesa tsvina nemarara nekukurumidza uye isa mafuta akakosha nguva dzose kudzivirira kupera nekukurumidza kunokonzerwa nekukweshana kwakaoma. Matanho akareruka ekugadzirisa anogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwemaroller chains ne30%, zvichiwedzera kukosha kwawo kusingabatike.

Mhedziso: Kukosha Kusingaonekwe Kunotsigira Ramangwana Rinoenderera Mberi
Macheni anotenderera haana ruzha rwemuchina wekukohwa kana kupenya kwemasisitimu akangwara, asi anopindira chinyararire muchikamu chega chega chekugadzira kwekurima. Anovimbisa kugadzirwa kunoramba kuripo, anovandudza mashandiro, anogadzirisa marongerwo emitengo, uye anotungamira kuvandudzwa kwekurima. Kukosha uku kusingabatike ndiko kwakakosha pakugadzirwa kwemichina yekurima uye injini isingaoneki yekuvandudza kurima.