Maroller Ekugadzirisa: Nzira Dzakajairika Dzekurapa Kupisa Dzekusimudza Maketani
Muindasitiri yemichina yekusimudza, kuvimbika kwecheni kwakabatana zvakananga nekuchengetedzeka kwevashandi uye kushanda zvakanaka, uye maitiro ekurapa kupisa akakosha pakuona mashandiro epakati echeni dzekusimudza, kusanganisira simba, kuomarara, uye kuramba kupfeka. Se "skeleton" yecheni,marongero akanyatsojeka, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvakaita semaplate echeni nemapini, zvinoda kurapwa kwakakodzera kwekupisa kuti zvirambe zvichishanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma akadai sekusimudza zvinorema uye kushanda nguva nenguva. Chinyorwa chino chichapa ongororo yakadzama yenzira dzinowanzo shandiswa pakurapa kupisa pakusimudza cheni, kuongorora misimboti yemaitiro adzo, zvakanakira mashandiro adzo, uye mamiriro ezvinhu anoshanda, zvichipa vashandi veindasitiri ruzivo rwekusarudza nekushandisa.
1. Kurapa Kupisa: "Muumbi" weKushanda kweCheni Yekusimudza
Maketani ekusimudza anowanzogadzirwa kubva kusimbi dzemhando yepamusoro dzesimbi (dzakadai se20Mn2, 23MnNiMoCr54, nezvimwewo), uye kurapwa kwekupisa kwakakosha kuti zvinhu izvi zvigadzirwe zvakanaka. Zvikamu zvecheni zvisina kugadziriswa kupisa zvine kuomarara kwakaderera uye kusakara zvakanaka, uye zvinogona kuputsika kana kupwanyika nepurasitiki kana zvasangana nekumanikidzwa. Kurapa kupisa kwakagadzirwa nesainzi, nekudzora maitiro ekupisa, kubata, uye kutonhora, kunochinja chimiro chemukati chechinhu, zvichiita kuti pave ne "simba-kusimba kwakaringana" - simba rakawanda rekutsungirira kumanikidzwa uye kukanganiswa, asi kusimba kwakakwana kudzivirira kuputsika, ukuwo zvichivandudzawo kuputsika kwepamusoro uye kuramba ngura.
Kune maroller akanyatsogadzirwa, kurapwa kwekupisa kunoda kunyatsogadzirwa zvakanyanya: sezvinhu zvakakosha pakubatanidza cheni ne sprocket, maroller anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti kusimba kwenzvimbo nekusimba kwemukati kunoenderana. Zvikasadaro, kupera nekupwanyika panguva yakakodzera zvinogona kuitika, zvichikanganisa kugadzikana kwecheni yese. Saka, kusarudza nzira yakakodzera yekurapa kupisa chinhu chinodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti cheni dzinotakura mutoro dzakachengeteka uye dzinogara kwenguva refu.
II. Kuongororwa kweNzira Nhanhatu Dzekurapa Kupisa Dzakajairika Dzekusimudza Maketani
(I) Kudzima Kwese + Kudzimisa Kwepamusoro (Kudzima uye Kudzimisa): "Muyero weGoridhe" weKushanda Kwepakutanga
Nheyo Yemaitiro: Zvikamu zvecheni (link plates, pini, maroller, nezvimwewo) zvinodziiswa kusvika patembiricha iri pamusoro peAc3 (hypoeutectoid steel) kana Ac1 (hypereutectoid steel). Mushure mekuchengetedza tembiricha kwenguva yakati kuti zvinhu zvirambe zvakapfava, cheni inodzimwa nekukurumidza munzvimbo inotonhorera yakaita semvura kana mafuta kuti iwane chimiro chemartensite chakasimba asi chisina kusimba. Cheni yacho inozodziiswazve kusvika 500-650°C kuti igadzirise tembiricha yepamusoro, iyo inoparadza martensite kuita chimiro chesorbite chakafanana, pakupedzisira ichiwana chiyero che "simba rakakwirira + kusimba kwakakwirira."
Zvakanakira Kushanda: Mushure mekudzima nekudziya, zvikamu zvecheni zvinoratidza hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, zvine simba rekudhonza re800-1200 MPa uye simba rekugadzira uye kureba zvakanaka, zvichikwanisa kutsungirira mitoro inoshanduka uye inokonzeresa kusimuka. Uyezve, kufanana kwechimiro chesorbite kunoita kuti zvikamu zvishande zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira zvinhu nemazvo (sekuroller roller).
Mashandisirwo: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuvandudza mashandiro ese emaketani ekusimudza ane simba repakati nepakati (akadai seGiredhi 80 neGiredhi 100), kunyanya kune zvinhu zvinotakura mutoro zvakaita semaplate emaketani nemapini. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakakosha uye yakakosha yekurapa kupisa pakusimudza maketani. (II) Kudzima Carburizing neKudzima + Kupisa Kwakaderera: "Nhare Yakasimbiswa" yeKudzivirira Kupfeka Pamusoro
Nheyo Yemaitiro: Zvikamu zvecheni (zvinotarisa pane meshing uye zvikamu zvekukweshana zvakaita semaroller nemapini) zvinoiswa munzvimbo inokabhurisa (senge gasi rechisikigo kana gasi rinopwanya kerosene) uye zvinochengetwa pa900-950°C kwemaawa akati wandei, zvichibvumira maatomu ekabhoni kupinda pamusoro pechikamu (kudzika kwechikamu chakakabhurisa kazhinji kunenge kuri 0.8-2.0mm). Izvi zvinoteverwa nekudzima (kazhinji uchishandisa oiri senzvimbo inotonhodza), iyo inoumba chimiro chemartensite chakasimba pamusoro uku ichichengetedza chimiro chepearlite chakasimba kana sorbite mukati. Pakupedzisira, kudziyisa tembiricha yakaderera pa150-200°C kunobvisa kushushikana kwekudzima uye kudzikamisa kuoma kwenzvimbo. Mabhenefiti Ekushanda: Zvikamu mushure mekukabhurisa uye kudzimisa zvinoratidza hunhu hwe "kunze kwakasimba, mukati kwakasimba" - kuoma kwenzvimbo kunogona kusvika kuHRC58-62, zvichivandudza zvakanyanya kuramba kwekukwesha uye kuramba kukweshana, zvinobudirira kurwisa kukweshana uye kupfeka panguva yekukwesha kwe sprocket. Kuomarara kwepakati kunoramba kuri paHRC30-45, zvichipa kusimba kwakakwana kudzivirira kuputsika kwezvikamu pasi pemitoro yekurovera.
Mashandisirwo: Kune maroller nemapini anogadzirwa nemazvo mumacheni ekusimudza, kunyanya ayo anowanzo tanga nekumira uye anorema (semuenzaniso, macheni ema port cranes nema mine hoists). Semuenzaniso, maroller emacheni ekusimudza ane simba guru e120-grade anowanzo gadziriswa necarburing uye kudzimwa, zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwawo hwebasa neanopfuura 30% zvichienzaniswa nekupisa kwakajairika. (III) Kuomesa Kwemukati + Kupisa Kwakaderera: Kushanda Uye Kwakarurama "Kusimbisa Kwemuno"
Nheyo Yemaitiro: Uchishandisa simba remagineti rinoshanduka rinogadzirwa ne coil ye induction ine frequency yakakwira kana yepakati, nzvimbo dzakati wandei dzezvikamu zvecheni (dzakadai sedhayamita yekunze yema rollers nenzvimbo dze pin) dzinodziiswa munzvimbo iyoyo. Kudziisa kunokurumidza (kazhinji masekondi mashoma kusvika makumi emasekonzi), zvichibvumira chete kuti pamusoro payo pasvike tembiricha ye austenitizing, nepo tembiricha yepakati isingachinji zvakanyanya. Mvura inotonhorera inozopinzwa kuti idzime nekukurumidza, ichiteverwa nekudziya kwetembiricha yakaderera. Maitiro aya anobvumira kudzora kwakanyatsojeka kwenzvimbo inopisa uye kudzika kwe layer yakaoma (kazhinji 0.3-1.5mm).
Zvakanakira Kushanda: ① Kushanda Kwazvo Uye Kuchengetedza Simba: Kudziisa munzvimbo ino kunodzivirira kutambisa simba kwekudziisa kwese, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira neanopfuura 50% zvichienzaniswa nekudzima kwese. ② Kuchinja Kwakaderera: Nguva pfupi yekudziisa inoderedza kushanduka kwekupisa kwechikamu, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwekutwasanudza kwakawanda kunotevera, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kudzora maroller akanyatsojeka. ③ Kugona Kudzora: Nekugadzirisa frequency yekudzikisa uye nguva yekudziisa, kudzika kwechikamu chakaomarara uye kugoverwa kwekuomarara zvinogona kugadziriswa nyore nyore.
Mashandisirwo: Yakakodzera kusimbiswa kwenzvimbo dzema "precision rollers" akagadzirwa nehukuru, ma "short pins", nezvimwe zvinhu, kunyanya pakusimudza ma "cheni" anoda kunyatsojeka (zvakadai se "precision transmission lifting chains"). Kuomesa kwe "induction hardening" kunogonawo kushandiswa kugadzirisa nekugadzira cheni, kusimbisazve nzvimbo dzakasakara.
(IV) Kuderedza Kutsungirira: "Kudzivirira Kukanganisa" Kuisa Kusimba Pamberi
Nheyo Yemaitiro: Mushure mekudziya chikamu checheni kusvika pakupisa kwe austenitizing, chinokurumidza kuiswa mubhavhu rine munyu kana alkaline pamusoro pe M s point (tembiricha yekutanga yekuchinja kwe martensitic). Bhavhu rinochengetwa kwenguva yakati kuti austenite ishanduke kuita bainite, zvichiteverwa nekutonhorera kwemhepo. Bainite, chimiro chiri pakati pe martensite ne pearlite, chinobatanidza simba rakawanda nekusimba kwakanyanya.
Zvakanakira Kushanda: Zvikamu zveAustempered zvinoratidza kusimba kwakanyanya kupfuura zvikamu zvemazuva ano zvakadzimwa uye zvakapfava, zvichiwana simba rekunyudzwa kwesimba re60-100 J, zvichikwanisa kutsungirira mitoro yakakomba yekurovera pasina kutyoka. Uyezve, kuomarara kunogona kusvika HRC 40-50, zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa zvesimba rekushandisa pakusimudza zvinhu zviri pakati nepakati uye zvinorema, ukuwo zvichideredza kukanganiswa kwekudzima uye kuderedza kushushikana kwemukati. Mashandisirwo Anoshanda: Anonyanya kushandiswa pakusimudza zvikamu zvecheni zvine mitoro yakakomba yekurovera, senge izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa kusimudza zvinhu zvisina chimiro chakajairwa mumaindasitiri emigodhi nekuvaka, kana pakusimudza cheni dzinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakaderera (senge nzvimbo inotonhorera uye mashandiro epolar). Bainite ine kusimba kwakanyanya uye kugadzikana kune martensite patembiricha yakaderera, zvichideredza njodzi yekutyoka kwesimba kushoma patembiricha.
(V) Kuisa Nitriding: "Kupfeka Kunogara Kwenguva Refu" Kwekuora uye Kuramba Kupfeka
Nheyo Yemaitiro: Zvikamu zvecheni zvinoiswa munzvimbo ine nitrogen, senge ammonia, pa500-580°C kwemaawa 10-50. Izvi zvinobvumira maatomu enitrogen kupinda pamusoro pechikamu, zvichigadzira nitride layer (inonyanya kuumbwa neFe₄N neFe₂N). Nitriding haidi kudzima kunotevera uye "kurapa kupisa kwemakemikari kwekupisa kwakaderera" kusina kukanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro ese echikamu. Mabhenefiti Ekushanda: ① Kuomarara kwepamusoro kwenzvimbo (HV800-1200) kunopa kuramba kupfeka kwepamusoro kana tichienzanisa nesimbi yakakangwa uye yakadzima, ukuwo kuchipawo friction coefficient yakaderera, zvichideredza kurasikirwa kwesimba panguva yekuisa meshing. ② Dense nitrided layer inopa kuramba kwakanaka kwengura, ichideredza njodzi yengura munzvimbo dzine hunyoro uye guruva. ③ Kupisa kwakaderera kwekugadzirisa kunoderedza kushanduka kwechikamu, zvichiita kuti chikodzere maroller akagadzirwa kare kana cheni diki dzakaunganidzwa.
Mashandisirwo: Yakakodzera cheni dzekusimudza dzinoda kupfekwa uye kuramba ngura, dzakadai sedzinoshandiswa muindasitiri yekugadzira chikafu (nzvimbo dzakachena) uye muinjiniya wegungwa (nzvimbo dzine munyu wakawanda), kana kuti pamidziyo midiki yekusimudza inoda cheni "dzisina kugadziriswa".
III. Kusarudzwa kweMaitiro Ekurapa Kupisa: Kuenzanisa Mamiriro Ekushanda ndiko Kwakakosha
Pakusarudza nzira yekurapa kupisa yecheni yekusimudza, funga nezvezvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha: chiyero chemutoro, nzvimbo yekushanda, uye mashandiro echikamu. Dzivisa kutsvaga simba rakawanda kana kuchengetedza mari zvakanyanya:
Sarudza nechiyero chemutoro: Maketani ane mutoro wakareruka (≤ Giredhi 50) anogona kudzima nekudziya zvizere. Maketani ane mutoro wepakati nepakati (80-100) anoda musanganiswa wecarburizing nekudzima kuti asimbise zvikamu zvisina kusimba. Maketani ane mutoro wakareruka (ari pamusoro peGiredhi 120) anoda maitiro akabatanidzwa ekudzima nekudziya, kana kuti induction hardening kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvakanyatsonaka.
Sarudza zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekushanda: Kuisa nitriding kunofarirwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro uye dzinopisa; kuisira masimbi kunofarirwa kune zvinoshandiswa zvine mitoro yakawanda. Kuisira masimbi kakawanda kunonyanya kukosha pakuomesa marori kana kuaisa muchimiro che induction. Sarudza zvikamu zvichienderana nebasa razvo: Maplate echeni nemapini zvinopa kukosha kwekusimba nekusimba, zvichipa kukosha kwekudzima nekuaisa muchimiro che induction. Marori anonyanya kukosha kuramba kusimba nekusakara, achipa kukosha kwekuomesa kana kuaisa muchimiro che induction. Zvimwe zvikamu zvekubatsira zvakaita sema bushings zvinogona kushandisa kudzima nekuaisa muchimiro che induction zvisingadhuri uye zvisingadhuri.
IV. Mhedziso: Kurapa Kupisa ndiyo "Nzira Isingaoneki Yekudzivirira" Yekuchengetedza Cheni
Maitiro ekurapa kupisa kwecheni dzekusimudza haasi emhando imwe chete; asi, inzira yakarongeka inobatanidza hunhu hwezvinhu, mabasa ezvikamu, uye zvinodiwa pakushanda. Kubva pakuisa carburing nekudzima ma precision rollers kusvika pakudzima nekudzikamisa cheni plates, kutonga kwakarurama mukuita kwega kwega kunosarudza zvakananga kuchengetedzeka kwecheni panguva yekushanda kwekusimudza. Mune ramangwana, nekushandiswa kwakapararira kwemidziyo yekurapa kupisa yakangwara (yakadai semitsetse yecarburizing yakazara uye masisitimu ekuongorora kuomarara online), mashandiro nekugadzikana kwecheni dzekusimudza zvichawedzerwa, zvichipa vimbiso yakavimbika yekushanda kwakachengeteka kwemidziyo yakakosha.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-01-2025