Nzira yekuona sei kuti zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemaketani anotenderera hazvipindi ngura?

Nzira yekuona sei kuti zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemaketani anotenderera hazvipindi ngura?

1. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu
1.1 Sarudza simbi ine simba rekudzivirira ngura
Simbi ndiyo chinhu chikuru chinogadzirwa nemaroller cheni, uye kuramba kwayo ngura kunokanganisa zvakananga hupenyu hwebasa uye mashandiro emaroller cheni. Kusarudza simbi ine kuramba kwakasimba ngura ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yekuona kuti kuramba ngura kwecheni dzinotenderera.
Kushandisa zvinhu zvesimbi isina ngura: Simbi isina ngura ndeimwe yesimbi dzinogara dzichishandiswa dzisingapindi ngura. Ine chikamu chakati chezvinhu zvechromium, zvinogona kugadzira firimu rechromium oxide rakakora pamusoro kudzivirira kuti ngura isabatane nemukati mesimbi. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwechromium huri musimbi isina ngura ye304 hunosvika 18%, iyo ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ngura uye yakakodzera nzvimbo dzakajairika dzinokanganisa ngura. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha, dzakadai senzvimbo dzegungwa dzine chloride ion yakawanda, 316 simbi isina ngura ine simba rakasimba rekudzivirira gomba nekuda kwekuwedzera kwezvinhu zvemolybdenum, uye simba rayo rekudzivirira ngura riri pamusoro pe30% kupfuura 304 simbi isina ngura.
Kuramba ngura kwesimbi ye alloy: Simbi ye alloy inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuramba ngura kwesimbi nekuwedzera zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zve alloy, zvakaita se nickel, copper, titanium, nezvimwewo. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzerwa nickel kunogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwe passivation film yesimbi, uye copper inogona kuvandudza kuramba ngura kwesimbi munzvimbo yemhepo. Mushure mekupisa kwakakodzera, mamwe ma alloy steels ane simba guru anogona kugadzira firimu re oxide rakafanana pamusoro, zvichiwedzera kuramba ngura. Tichitora simbi ye alloy ine nickel ne copper semuenzaniso, mwero wayo wekuora munzvimbo yemhepo yeindasitiri inongova 1/5 yesimbi yakajairika ye carbon.
Mhedzisiro yekurapwa kwesimbi pamusoro pesimbi pakuramba ngura: Pamusoro pekusarudza simbi yakakodzera, kurapwa pamusoro pesimbi inzira yakakosha yekuvandudza kuramba ngura kwesimbi. Semuenzaniso, jira rezinc, nickel nedzimwe simbi rinoiswa pamusoro pesimbi kuburikidza netekinoroji yekuisa simbi kuti rigadzire chipingamupinyi chemuviri kudzivirira ngura kubva pakubata simbi. Gara remagalasi rine kuramba ngura kwakanaka munzvimbo yemhepo, uye hupenyu hwaro hwekuramba ngura hunogona kusvika makumi emakore. Rara remagalasi rine kuomarara kwakanyanya uye kuramba kupfeka kuri nani, uye rinogonawo kuvandudza kuramba ngura kwesimbi. Pamusoro pezvo, kurapwa kwefirimu rekushandura makemikari, senge phosphating, kunogona kugadzira firimu rekushandura makemikari pamusoro pesimbi kuti rivandudze kuramba ngura uye kunamira kwesimbi.

2. Kurapa pamusoro
2.1 Kugadzira Magetsi
Kuisa simbi musimbi yesimbi inonzi galvanizing ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekugadzirisa simbi. Nekuputira simbi pamusoro pesimbi ne zinc, kudzivirira kwayo ngura kunogona kuvandudzwa zvinobudirira.
Nheyo yekudzivirira kwechikamu chegalvanized layer: Zinc inogadzira firimu re zinc oxide rakakora munzvimbo yemhepo, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira chinhu chinoparadza kuti chisabatane nesimbi. Kana chikamu chegalvanized layer chakuvara, zinc inoshandawo seanode yechibayiro kudzivirira simbi kubva mukuora. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuramba kwekuora kwechikamu chegalvanized layer kunogona kusvika makumi emakore, uye mwero wayo wekuora munzvimbo yemhepo yakajairika ungangoita 1/10 chete yesimbi yakajairika.
Mhedzisiro yemaitiro ekugadzira galvanizing pakudzivirira ngura: Maitiro akajairika ekugadzira galvanizing anosanganisira kupisa-kunyudza galvanizing, electrogalvanizing, nezvimwewo. Zinc layer inoumbwa nekupisa-kunyudza galvanizing yakakora uye ine kuramba kuri nani kwengura, asi kumwe kusaenzana kunogona kuitika pamusoro. Electrogalvanizing inogona kudzora ukobvu hwezinc layer kuti iite kuti pamusoro payo pave pakaenzana uye panyorove. Semuenzaniso, nekushandisa maitiro emagetsi, ukobvu hwezinc layer hunogona kudzorwa pakati pe5-15μm, uye kuramba kwayo ngura kwakafanana nekwekupisa-kunyudza galvanizing, uye mhando yepamusoro iri nani, iyo yakakodzera zvigadzirwa zve roller chain zvine zvinodiwa zvepamusoro pamusoro.
Kugadziriswa uye matanho ekudzivirira jira remaginari: jira remaginari rinofanira kuchengetedzwa panguva yekushandiswa kudzivirira kukuvara kwemuchina. Kana jira remaginari rikakuvara, rinofanira kugadziriswa nenguva kudzivirira simbi kuti isasanganiswe nechinhu chinoparadza. Pamusoro pezvo, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha, dzakadai senzvimbo dzine acid yakawanda kana alkaline, kuramba ngura kwejira remaginari kuchakanganiswa kusvika pamwero wakati, uye zvakakosha kusarudza nzira yakakodzera yekuisa galvanizing uye matanho ekudzivirira anotevera zvichienderana nenzvimbo chaiyo.
2.2 Kurapa kwenickel plating
Kuisa nickel plating ndeimwe nzira inoshanda yekuvandudza kuramba kwesimbi ine roller chain. Nickel plating layer ine kuramba kwakanaka kwekurasika uye kuramba kupera.
Kuramba ngura kwe nickel plating: Nickel ine simba rakasimba remagetsi uye inogona kugadzira firimu repasi rinogadzikana munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinoparadza, nokudaro ichidzivirira zvinobudirira kuti ngura isabatane nesimbi. Kuramba ngura kwe nickel plating layer kuri nani pane kwe zinc plating layer, kunyanya munzvimbo ine chloride ions, uye kuramba kwayo makomba kwakasimba. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo ine mvura yegungwa ine chloride ions, hupenyu hwekudzivirira ngura hwe nickel plating layer hwakapetwa katatu kusvika kashanu kupfuura zinc plating layer.
Maitiro ekuisa nickel plating uye kukanganisa kwayo pakushanda: Maitiro akajairika ekuisa nickel plating anosanganisira electroplating uye chemical nickel plating. Nickel layer ine electroplated hardness uye yakanaka yekudzivirira kupfeka, asi ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kuti pamusoro pe substrate pave pakadzikama. Chemical nickel plating inogona kugadzira coating yakafanana pamusoro pe substrate isingafambise mhepo, uye ukobvu uye kuumbwa kwe coating kunogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza ne process parameters. Semuenzaniso, nekushandisa chemical nickel plating process, nickel plating layer ine ukobvu hwe 10-20μm inogona kugadzirwa pamusoro pe roller chain steel, uye kuoma kwayo kunogona kusvika kupfuura HV700, iyo isingangove ne corrosion resistance yakanaka chete, asiwo ine yakanaka yekudzivirira kupfeka.
Kushandiswa uye zvipingamupinyi zve nickel plating: Nickel plating inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zve roller chain zvine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekudzivirira ngura uye kusakara, senge muindasitiri yemakemikari, kugadzira chikafu uye mamwe maindasitiri. Zvisinei, maitiro e nickel plating akaomarara uye anodhura, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine acid yakasimba uye alkali yakasimba, kuramba ngura kwe nickel plating layer kuchavewo kwakaganhurirwa kusvika pamwero wakati. Pamusoro pezvo, mvura yakasviba inogadzirwa panguva ye nickel plating process inofanirwa kugadziriswa zvakanyanya kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwenharaunda.

3. Maitiro ekurapa kupisa
3.1 Kurapa nekudzima uye kudziya
Kudzima nekudzikamisa zvinhu (tempering treatment) inzira inokosha yekurapa kupisa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa ne roller chain. Kuburikidza nekusanganisa kudzimisa zvinhu uye kudzimisa zvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya, kushanda kwesimbi kwakazara kunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti irambe ichidzivirira ngura.
Basa rekudzima uye kusarudza maparamendi: Kudzima kunogona kutonhora simbi nekukurumidza, kugadzira zvivakwa zvine simba guru senge martensite, uye kuvandudza kuomarara uye kusimba kwesimbi. Kune zvinhu zve roller chain, zvinowanzoshandiswa kudzima zvinosanganisira mafuta nemvura. Semuenzaniso, kune mamwe masimbi e medium-carbon alloy, kudzima oiri kunogona kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwemitsara yekudzima uye kuwana kuomarara kwakanyanya. Kusarudzwa kwekupisa kwekudzima kwakakosha, kazhinji pakati pe800℃ -900℃, uye kuomarara mushure mekudzima kunogona kusvika HRC45-55. Kunyangwe kuomarara kwesimbi yakadzima kwakakwira, kushushikana kwemukati kwakakura uye kuomarara kwakashata, saka kudziya kwakanyanya kunodiwa kuti uvandudze hunhu uhwu.
Kugadzirisa kupisa kwakanyanya: Kupisa kwakanyanya kunowanzoitwa pakati pe500℃-650℃, uye nguva yekudziya kazhinji maawa 2-4. Munguva yekudziya, kushushikana kwasara musimbi kunoburitswa, kuomarara kunoderera zvishoma, asi kuomarara kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya, uye chimiro chakasimba chetroostite chinodziya chinogona kuumbwa, chine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika uye kuramba ngura. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuramba ngura kwesimbi mushure mekudzima nekupisa kunogona kuvandudzwa ne30%-50%. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo yemhepo yeindasitiri, mwero wekuora kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemaroller chains zvakadzimwa uye zvakadzimwa unongova 1/3 chete yesimbi isina kugadziriswa. Pamusoro pezvo, kudzimwa nekupisa kunogonawo kuvandudza kushanda kwekuneta kwesimbi, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru pakushandiswa kwenguva refu kwemaroller chains pasi pemitoro inochinja.
Maitiro ekudzima nekudzikamisa ngura: Kudzima nekudzikamisa ngura kunovandudza marongerwo esimbi, kunovandudza kuomarara kwayo pamusoro uye kusimba kwayo, uye nokudaro kunowedzera kugona kwayo kuramba kukurwa nemidziyo inoparadza. Kune rumwe rutivi, kuomarara kwakanyanya kunogona kuderedza kupfeka kwemidziyo inoparadza pamusoro pesimbi uye kuderedza mwero wekuora; kune rumwe rutivi, chimiro chakasimba chesangano chinogona kuderedza mwero wekupararira kwemidziyo inoparadza uye kunonotsa kuitika kwekuita kwekuora. Panguva imwe chete, kudzimisa nekudzikamisa ngura kunogonawo kuvandudza kuramba kwesimbi kuhydrogen embrittlement. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoparadza dzine hydrogen ions, zvinogona kudzivirira simbi kuti isaparare nguva isati yakwana nekuda kwehydrogen embrittlement.

4. Kuongorora Hunhu
4.1 Nzira Yekuyedza Kuramba Kuora
Kuyedzwa kwekurasika kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa ne roller chain chinhu chakakosha pakuona kuti zvinhu izvi zvakanaka. Kuburikidza nenzira dzesainzi uye dzinonzwisisika dzekuyedza, kurasika kwezvinhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana kunogona kuongororwa nemazvo, nokudaro zvichipa vimbiso yekuti chigadzirwa ichi chakavimbika.
1. Muedzo weKupfapfaidza Munyu
Kuedza kupfapfaidza munyu inzira yekuedza kupwanya nekukasira inotevedzera nharaunda yegungwa kana ine hunyoro uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuongorora kuramba kupwanya kwezvinhu zvesimbi.
Nheyo Yekuyedza: Muenzaniso weroller chain unoiswa mukamuri yekuyedza yesalt spray kuitira kuti pamusoro pesample parambe paine huwandu hwakati hwesalt spray. Ma chloride ions ari mu salt spray anokurumidza kuita corrosion reaction yesimbi pamusoro. Kuramba corrosion kwesample kunoongororwa nekutarisa mwero wekuora kwesample mukati menguva yakati. Semuenzaniso, zvichienderana neInternational Standard ISO 9227, bvunzo yesalt spray isina neutral inoitwa ne salt spray concentration ye5% NaCl solution, tembiricha inodzorwa pa35°C, uye nguva yekuyedza inowanzoita maawa 96.
Kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro: Kuramba ngura kunoongororwa zvichibva pane zviratidzo zvakaita sezvigadzirwa zvekuora, kudzika kwegomba, uye mwero wekuora pamusoro pemuenzaniso. Kune cheni dzesimbi dzisina ngura, mushure mebvunzo yekupfapfaidza munyu kwemaawa makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu, kudzika kwegomba repamusoro kunofanira kunge kuri pasi pe0.1mm uye mwero wekuora unofanirwa kunge uri pasi pe0.1mm pagore kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzemaindasitiri. Kune cheni dzesimbi dzinopfapfaidza munyu, mushure mekuisa galvanizing kana nickel plating, mhedzisiro yebvunzo yekupfapfaidza munyu inofanira kusangana nemazinga akakwira. Semuenzaniso, mushure mebvunzo yekupfapfaidza munyu yemaawa makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu, cheni yeroller yakaputirwa nenickel haina ngura yakajeka pamusoro uye kudzika kwegomba kuri pasi pe0.05mm.
2. Kuedzwa kweElectrochemical
Kuongororwa kwemagetsi kunogona kupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekudzivirira ngura kwezvinhu nekuyera maitiro emagetsi esimbi muzvinhu zvinoparadza.
Kuedzwa kwePolarization Curve: Muenzaniso weRoller Chain unoshandiswa se electrode inoshanda uye unonyudzwa mune corrosive medium (yakadai se 3.5% NaCl solution kana 0.1mol/L H₂SO₄ solution), uye polarization curve yayo inonyorwa ne electrochemical workstation. Polarization curve inogona kuratidza ma parameter akadai se corrosion current density uye corrosion potential yezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, kune 316 stainless steel roller chain, corrosion current density mu 3.5% NaCl solution inofanira kunge iri pasi pe 1μA/cm², uye corrosion potential inofanira kunge iri pedyo ne -0.5V (zvichienderana ne saturated calomel electrode), izvo zvinoratidza kuti ine corrosion resistance yakanaka.
Bvunzo reElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS): Bvunzo reEIS rinogona kuyera charge transfer impedance uye diffusion impedance yezvinhu zviri mu corrosive medium kuti riongorore kusimba uye kugadzikana kwe surface film yayo. Kuramba corrosion kwezvinhu zvinogona kutongwa nekuongorora ma parameter akadai se capacitive arc uye time constant mu impedance spectrum. Semuenzaniso, charge transfer impedance ye roller chain steel yakadzima uye yakanyoroveswa inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura 10⁴Ω·cm² mu EIS test, izvo zvinoratidza kuti surface film yayo ine dziviriro yakanaka.
3. Kuedzwa kwekunyudzwa mumvura
Kuyedzwa kwekunyudzwa inzira yekuedza ngura inotevedzera mamiriro chaiwo ekushandiswa. Muenzaniso we roller chain unonyudzwa mune imwe nzvimbo inoparadza kwenguva yakareba kuti uone maitiro ayo ekuora uye shanduko dzekushanda.
Mamiriro ekuyedza: Sarudza zvinhu zvinoparadza zvinoenderana nenzvimbo chaiyo yekushandisa cheni yeroller, senge acidic solution (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nezvimwewo), alkaline solution (sodium hydroxide, nezvimwewo) kana neutral solution (senge mvura yegungwa). Tembiricha yekuyedza inowanzo dzorwa patembiricha yemukamuri kana tembiricha chaiyo yekushandisa, uye nguva yekuyedza inowanzo kuve mavhiki akati wandei kusvika kumwedzi yakati wandei. Semuenzaniso, kune maroller chains anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzemakemikari, anonyudzwa mu3% H₂SO₄ solution pa40°C kwemazuva makumi matatu.
Kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro: Kuramba kwengura kunoongororwa nezviratidzo zvekuyera zvakaita sekurasikirwa nehuremu, shanduko yehukuru, uye shanduko yehunhu hwemuchina wemuenzaniso. Kurasikirwa nehuremu chiratidzo chakakosha chekuyera huwandu hwengura. Kune cheni dzesimbi dzisina ngura, huwandu hwekurasikirwa nehuremu mushure memazuva makumi matatu ekuedzwa kwekunyudzwa hunofanira kunge huri pasi pe0.5%. Kune cheni dzesimbi dzine alloy, huwandu hwekurasikirwa nehuremu hunofanira kunge huri pasi pe0.2% mushure mekugadzirisa pamusoro. Pamusoro pezvo, shanduko muhunhu hwemuchina dzakadai sekusimba kwekusimba uye kuoma kwemuenzaniso dzinofanirawo kuongororwa kuti dzive nechokwadi chekuti dzichiri kukwanisa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa munzvimbo ine ngura.
4. Kuedzwa kwekurembera panzvimbo yacho
Muedzo wekurembera panzvimbo iyi ndewekuratidza zvakananga muenzaniso we roller cheni munzvimbo chaiyo yekushandisa uye kuongorora kuramba kwengura nekutarisa ngura yayo kwenguva yakareba.
Kurongeka kwekuyedza: Sarudza nzvimbo chaiyo yekushandisa, senge nzvimbo yekushandira mishonga, nzvimbo iri kunze kwegungwa, nzvimbo yekugadzira chikafu, nezvimwewo, uye isa muenzaniso we roller chain pamudziyo panguva yakatarwa. Nguva yekuyedza inowanzova mwedzi yakati wandei kusvika kumakore akati wandei kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti maitiro ekuora kwemuenzaniso munzvimbo chaiyo anogona kuonekwa zvizere.
Kunyora nekuongorora mhedzisiro: Tarisa uye edza mienzaniso nguva dzose, uye nyora ruzivo rwakadai sekuora kwepamusoro uye chimiro chechigadzirwa chekuora. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo yekushandira mishonga, mushure megore rimwe rekuyedzwa kwekurembera, hapana chiratidzo chekuora chakajeka pamusoro pecheni yeroller ine nickel-plated, nepo huwandu hushoma hwegomba hunogona kuoneka pamusoro pecheni yeroller yakabatidzwa. Nekuenzanisa ngura yemasampuli ezvinhu zvakasiyana uye maitiro ekurapa munzvimbo chaiyo, kuramba kwayo ngura kunogona kuongororwa nemazvo, zvichipa hwaro hwakakosha hwekusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye dhizaini yechigadzirwa.

5. Pfupiso
Kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neroller chain hazvipindi ngura ipurojekiti yakarongeka, inosanganisira zvinongedzo zvakawanda zvakaita sekusarudza zvinhu, kugadzirisa pamusoro, kugadzirisa kupisa uye kuongorora mhando zvakanyanya. Nekusarudza zvinhu zvesimbi zvakakodzera zvine simba rekudzivirira ngura, zvakaita sesimbi isina ngura nesimbi ye alloy, uye nekubatanidza maitiro ekugadzirisa pamusoro akadai se galvanizing ne nickel plating, kudzivirira ngura kweroller chains kunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. Kugadzirisa ngura nekupisa mukugadzirisa kupisa kunowedzera kushanda kwesimbi nekuvandudza parameters dzekudzimisa nekupisa, kuitira kuti ive nekudzivirira ngura zviri nani uye hunhu hwemakanika munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Panyaya yekuongororwa kwemhando, kushandiswa kwenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuyedza dzakadai sekuyedza kupfapfaidza munyu, kuyedza kwemagetsi, kuyedza kunyudza uye kuyedza kwekunamira panzvimbo zvinopa hwaro hwesainzi hwekuongorora zvakakwana kuramba kukora kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa neroller chain. Nzira idzi dzekuyedza dzinogona kutevedzera nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandisa uye kuona nemazvo maitiro ekuora uye shanduko dzekushanda kwezvinhu mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana, nokudaro zvichiita kuti chigadzirwa chive chakavimbika uye chakasimba mukushandiswa kwacho.
Kazhinji, kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kwakarongeka kwezvinobatanidza zviri pamusoro apa, kuramba ngura kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa ne roller chain kunogona kuvandudzwa zvinobudirira, hupenyu hwebasa rayo hunogona kuwedzerwa, uye zvinodiwa pakushandisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemaindasitiri zvinogona kuzadzikiswa.