Cov yam ntxwv twg yuav tsum tau them sai sai thaum lub sijhawm vuam cov saw hlau?

Cov yam ntxwv twg yuav tsum tau them sai sai thaum lub sijhawm vuam cov saw hlau?

Hauv kev tsim khoom siv tshuab thiab kev saib xyuas, kev vuam cov saw hlau yog ib qho txheej txheem tseem ceeb. Qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawmlub saw hlauYuav kom paub tseeb tias txoj kev vuam zoo thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab thiab tswj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev vuam. Tsab xov xwm no yuav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai thaum lub sijhawm vuam cov saw hlau, thiab yuav ua li cas kom zoo dua cov yam ntxwv no kom txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam.

1. Lub tswv yim yooj yim thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev vuam cov saw hlau
Cov saw hlau yog ib txoj saw hlau uas siv dav hauv kev sib kis thiab kev thauj khoom. Nws muaj cov phaj saw hlau sab hauv, cov phaj saw hlau sab nraud, cov koob, cov tes tsho thiab cov menyuam. Cov txheej txheem vuam ntawm cov saw hlau feem ntau yog txuas cov khoom no ua ke los ntawm kev vuam kom ua tiav cov qauv saw hlau. Qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub peev xwm dais, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau.
Hauv kev siv hauv kev lag luam, cov saw hlau yuav tsum tiv taus lub zog tensile thiab kev cuam tshuam loj, yog li lub zog thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov pob qij txha welded yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev vuam zoo tuaj yeem ua kom cov saw hlau ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev ua haujlwm, txo qhov zaus ntawm kev kho thiab hloov pauv, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab txo cov nqi txij nkawm.

2. Kev npaj ua ntej vuam cov saw hlau
(I) Kev xaiv cov khoom siv
Cov khoom siv saw hlau: Kev xaiv cov khoom siv saw hlau yog lub hauv paus rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev vuam. Cov khoom siv saw hlau feem ntau suav nrog cov hlau carbon, hlau alloy thiab hlau stainless. Cov khoom sib txawv muaj cov yam ntxwv kho tshuab thiab cov yam ntxwv vuam sib txawv, thiab yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Hlau vuam thiab flux: Kev xaiv hlau vuam thiab flux yuav tsum phim cov khoom siv ntawm cov saw hlau. Lub cheeb tsam, cov khoom siv thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau vuam yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog thiab kev tawv ntawm qhov vuam. Cov flux no yog siv los tiv thaiv qhov vuam los ntawm oxidation thiab kev ua qias tuaj thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm qhov vuam.
(II) Kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv
Cov khoom siv vuam: Ua ntej vuam, cov khoom siv vuam yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom meej kom paub tseeb tias cov khoom siv ua haujlwm zoo li qub. Qhov no suav nrog kev kuaj xyuas seb lub zog hluav taws xob puas ruaj khov, seb cov xov hlau vuam puas puas lawm, thiab seb rab phom vuam puas huv.
Cov cuab yeej pab: Npaj cov cuab yeej pab tsim nyog, xws li cov khoom siv vuam, cov tsom iav tiv thaiv, hnab looj tes, thiab lwm yam, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam.
(III) Kev ntxuav thiab ua kom sov ua ntej
Kev ntxuav qhov chaw vuam: Ua ntej vuam, qhov chaw vuam ntawm cov saw hlau yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si kom tshem tawm cov roj, oxides thiab lwm yam tsis huv. Koj tuaj yeem siv txhuam hlau, ntawv xuab zeb lossis tshuaj ntxuav tshuaj los ntxuav nws kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw vuam huv thiab tiaj tus.
Kev Ua Ntej: Kev ua ntej yog qhov tsim nyog rau qee cov khoom siv hlau uas muaj zog lossis tuab phab ntsa. Kev ua ntej tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ntxhov siab thermal thaum lub sijhawm vuam thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm vuam. Qhov kub ua ntej yuav tsum tau kho raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam.

3. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem vuam cov saw hlau
(I) Vuam tam sim no thiab voltage
Kev Xaiv Tam Sim No: Qhov tam sim no vuam yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov vuam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov vuam. Tam sim no ntau dhau yuav ua rau qhov vuam kub dhau, hlawv lossis tsim cov qhov; Tam sim no tsawg dhau yuav ua rau qhov vuam tsis tau sib xyaw lossis tsis txaus. Kev xaiv ntawm qhov tam sim no vuam tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kho raws li cov yam xws li cov khoom siv tuab ntawm cov saw hlau, txoj kev vuam thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hlau vuam.
Kev tswj fais fab: Qhov fais fab ntawm qhov vuam cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov nkag mus thiab cov duab ntawm qhov vuam. Qhov fais fab siab dhau yuav ua rau qhov chaw vuam dav thiab tsis tob, thaum qhov fais fab qis dhau yuav ua rau qhov vuam nqaim thiab yooj yim nkag mus tsis tiav. Feem ntau, qhov fais fab ntawm qhov vuam yuav tsum tau kho raws li qhov tam sim no vuam thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov xov hlau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov vuam sib xws thiab ruaj khov.
(ii) Kev ceev ntawm kev vuam
Qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam txiav txim siab qhov tob ntawm kev nkag mus thiab cua sov ntawm qhov vuam. Kev vuam ceev dhau yuav ua rau tsis txaus qhov vuam, tsis sib xyaw lossis tsis txiav; kev vuam qeeb dhau yuav ua rau kub dhau, hlawv lossis qhov hws hauv qhov vuam. Thaum lub sijhawm vuam, yuav tsum tswj qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam kom ruaj khov thiab kho kom haum raws li qhov tam sim no vuam, voltage thiab cov khoom siv.
(iii) Tus nqi ntws roj
Hauv kev vuam uas muaj roj tiv thaiv, qhov nrawm ntawm roj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov nrawm ntawm roj tsim nyog tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov vuam los ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj pa phem thiab ua kom zoo dua qhov vuam. Qhov nrawm ntawm roj loj dhau yuav ua rau muaj cov dej ntws ntawm qhov chaw vuam, cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov vuam; qhov nrawm ntawm roj me dhau yuav tsis muab kev tiv thaiv txaus, ua rau qhov vuam ua kom tsis muaj pa phem lossis nqus dej noo. Feem ntau, qhov nrawm ntawm roj yuav tsum tau kho raws li txoj kev vuam, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hlau thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev vuam.
(IV) Lub kaum sab xis thiab qhov chaw vuam
Lub kaum sab xis vuam: Lub kaum sab xis vuam muaj feem cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov vuam. Qhov chaw vuam sib txawv thiab hom vuam xav tau lub kaum sab xis vuam sib txawv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw vuam tiaj tus, rab phom vuam yuav tsum tswj lub kaum sab xis kom zoo kom ntseeg tau tias qhov vuam sib xws thiab sib xyaw.
Txoj hauj lwm vuam: Feem ntau, txoj kev vuam cov saw hlau feem ntau yog ua tiav rau hauv txoj hauj lwm vuam tiaj tus lossis txoj hauj lwm vuam kab rov tav. Thaum xaiv txoj hauj lwm vuam, yuav tsum tsis txhob vuam saum taub hau lossis vuam ntsug ntau li ntau tau kom txo qhov nyuaj ntawm kev vuam thiab qhov ua tau ntawm qhov tsis zoo.

4. Kev kho mob thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo tom qab vuam cov saw hlau
(I) Kev ntxuav tom qab vuam
Tom qab vuam, yuav tsum tau ntxuav qhov vuam kom tshem tawm cov slag vuam, spatter thiab lwm yam impurities. Ib tug txhuam hlau, lub log sib tsoo lossis tshuaj ntxuav tshuaj siv tau los ntxuav kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw vuam huv thiab tiaj tus.
(II) Kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam
Kev Kho Mob Kub: Kev kho mob kub yog qhov tsim nyog rau qee qhov chaw vuam uas muaj zog lossis muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau. Kev kub tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab seem thaum lub sijhawm vuam thiab txhim kho qhov tawv thiab kev tiv taus qaug zog ntawm qhov vuam.
Kev kho mob tempering: Kev kho mob tempering tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm lub vuam, txo qhov brittleness ntawm lub vuam sib koom ua ke, thiab txhim kho nws qhov kev cuam tshuam.
(III) Kev tshuaj xyuas zoo
Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Qhov Zoo Li Cas: Saib seb qhov zoo li cas ntawm qhov vuam kom paub seb puas muaj qhov tawg, qhov hws, qhov hauv qab, thiab qhov vuam tsis tau sib xyaw. Qhov chaw vuam yuav tsum du, sib npaug, thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo uas pom tseeb.
Kev kuaj tsis puas tsuaj: Rau cov pob qij txha tseem ceeb, kev kuaj tsis puas tsuaj xws li kev kuaj ultrasonic thiab kev kuaj radiographic yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo sab hauv ntawm qhov vuam. Kev kuaj tsis puas tsuaj tuaj yeem ntes tau qhov tsis zoo xws li kab nrib pleb, qhov hws, thiab cov slag suav nrog hauv qhov vuam kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov vuam sib koom ua ke.
Kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom siv kho tshuab: Kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom siv kho tshuab xws li tensile, bending, thiab hardness raug ua rau ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke los ntsuas qhov muaj zog thiab toughness ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke. Kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom siv kho tshuab tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov sib koom ua ke vuam ua tau raws li qhov xav tau tsim thiab siv.

5. Kev ceev faj txog kev vuam cov saw hlau
(I) Kev tiv thaiv tus kheej
Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv: Cov neeg ua haujlwm vuam yuav tsum hnav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tsim nyog, xws li lub kaus mom hlau vuam, tsom iav tiv thaiv, hnab looj tes tiv thaiv, khaub ncaws tiv thaiv thiab khau rwb thaiv tsev, thiab lwm yam, kom tiv thaiv kev tawg, arc thiab kub siab thaum vuam los ntawm kev ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj.
Kev tiv thaiv kev ua pa: Thaum lub sijhawm vuam, yuav muaj pa luam yeeb ntau thiab cov pa phem, xws li carbon monoxide thiab nitrogen oxides, tsim tawm. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv kev ua pa, xws li lub ntsej muag roj lossis lub tshuab lim cua, kom tsis txhob nqus cov pa phem thiab tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev ua pa.
(II) Ib puag ncig ua haujlwm
Cua zoo: Xyuas kom meej tias qhov chaw ua haujlwm vuam muaj cua zoo kom tsis txhob muaj pa luam yeeb vuam thiab cov pa phem. Cov kiv cua tso pa tawm, cov kav dej cua thiab lwm yam khoom siv tuaj yeem ntsia tau los txhim kho huab cua ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws: Thaum vuam, yuav muaj kub thiab hluav taws kub heev, uas ua rau muaj hluav taws kub tau yooj yim. Cov khoom siv tua hluav taws xws li cov tshuaj tua hluav taws thiab cov pam vov hluav taws yuav tsum tau nruab rau hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm, thiab cov khoom uas yooj yim hlawv yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom deb ntawm thaj chaw vuam.
(III) Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv
Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv: Ua ntej txhua qhov kev vuam, yuav tsum tau ua kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv vuam kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv ua haujlwm zoo li qub. Cov ntsiab lus tshuaj xyuas suav nrog seb lub zog hluav taws xob puas ruaj khov, seb cov xov hlau vuam puas puas lawm, seb rab phom vuam puas huv, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias pom cov khoom siv tsis zoo lossis tsis ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsum tau kho lossis hloov pauv raws sijhawm, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua haujlwm nrog qhov tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev tiv thaiv av: Cov khoom siv vuam yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv av zoo kom tiv thaiv kev raug mob hluav taws xob. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov xov hlau av ntawm cov khoom siv vuam tau txuas ruaj khov thiab qhov tiv thaiv av ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb.

6. Cov teeb meem thiab kev daws teeb meem rau kev vuam cov saw hlau
(I) Cov teeb meem ntawm vuam
Cov kab nrib pleb: Cov kab nrib pleb ntawm qhov vuam yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem feem ntau hauv kev vuam cov saw hlau, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev vuam, cov khoom siv tawv heev, cov yam ntxwv vuam tsis raug thiab lwm yam. Cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog kev ua kom sov ua ntej, tswj cov yam ntxwv vuam, xaiv cov ntaub ntawv vuam tsim nyog thiab ua kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam.
Qhov porosity: Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov qhov pores yog vim tias cov pa roj tsis tawm ntawm qhov vuam raws sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm vuam, ua rau muaj qhov sab hauv lossis ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam. Cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog kev ntxuav qhov chaw vuam, tswj qhov ceev ntawm qhov vuam thiab cov pa roj ntws, thiab xaiv cov khoom siv vuam tsim nyog.
Kev sib xyaw tsis tiav: Kev sib xyaw tsis tiav yog qhov tshwm sim uas cov hlau vuam tsis tau sib xyaw tag nrho nrog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb lossis cov hlau vuam. Cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog kev nce qhov tam sim no vuam, kho lub kaum sab xis vuam, xyuas kom meej tias cov hlau vuam thiab cov khoom siv hauv paus sib cuag tag nrho, thiab lwm yam.
(II) Kev vuam deformation
Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev vuam yog ib qho teeb meem uas tshwm sim ntau hauv kev vuam cov saw hlau, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev ntxhov siab thermal thiab kev ntxhov siab shrinkage uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm vuam. Cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog kev siv cov txheej txheem vuam tsim nyog, siv cov khoom siv vuam rau kev kho, tswj cov kev ntsuas vuam, thiab lwm yam.
(III) Kev vuam tsis zoo
Qhov ua rau vuam tsis zoo yuav yog vim tsis muaj kev teeb tsa tsis raug, tsis muaj kev txawj ntse lossis tsis ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog kev ua kom zoo dua cov kev teeb tsa vuam, txhim kho qib kev txawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab xaiv cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm zoo.

7. Txoj kev txhim kho kom zoo dua rau kev vuam cov saw hlau
(I) Kev vuam tsis siv neeg
Kev vuam tsis siv neeg tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm vuam zoo thiab zoo thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tib neeg. Los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab vuam neeg hlau lossis cov khoom siv vuam tsis siv neeg, kev tswj hwm meej thiab rov ua dua ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam tuaj yeem ua tiav, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm thiab kev vuam zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho.
(II) Kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem vuam
Kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem vuam tas li, xws li kev siv cov txheej txheem vuam tshiab, kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem vuam, thiab kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv vuam tshiab, tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam cov saw hlau. Piv txwv li, kev siv cov thev naus laus zis vuam siab heev xws li laser vuam thiab plasma vuam tuaj yeem ua tiav kev vuam ceev thiab zoo.
(III) Lub kaw lus tswj xyuas zoo
Tsim kom muaj ib lub txheej txheem tswj xyuas zoo tag nrho, txij li kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv raw, kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem vuam mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom tiav, kom ntseeg tau tias txhua qhov txuas ua tau raws li cov qauv zoo. Los ntawm kev siv cov kev ntsuas tswj xyuas zoo nruj, qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev vuam tuaj yeem txo qis thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov saw hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho.

8. Xaus Lus
Kev vuam cov hlau dov yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj thiab nyuaj heev uas muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb thiab kev ceev faj. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem vuam, kev txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb, qhov zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam cov hlau dov tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo kom ntseeg tau tias nws muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab lub neej ua haujlwm hauv ntau yam xwm txheej ua haujlwm. Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, cov txheej txheem vuam tsim nyog thiab kev tswj hwm zoo yuav tsum tau tsim raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab ib puag ncig ua haujlwm kom ua tiav kev vuam cov hlau dov zoo thiab zoo.