Yam dab tsi txiav txim siab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb

Yam dab tsi txiav txim siab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb
Hauv kev siv hauv kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub, cov saw hlau tsis xeb tau siv dav. Vim lawv lub zog thiab kev ntseeg tau, lawv tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam khoom siv kho tshuab thiab khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb tsis ruaj khov, thiab nws raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam. Kev nkag siab txog cov yam no tsis tsuas yog pab peb siv thiab tswj cov saw hlau tsis xeb zoo dua, tab sis kuj ua rau lawv lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo dua, thiab txo cov nqi hloov pauv. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tshawb nrhiav tob txog cov yam dab tsi txiav txim siab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb, thiab muab qee cov lus qhia thiab cov tswv yim zoo.

1. Cov khoom zoo
Qhov zoo ntawm cov saw hlau stainless yog ib qho ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab lawv lub neej ua haujlwm. Cov khoom siv stainless hlau zoo muaj lub zog siab dua, tawv thiab tiv taus corrosion, thiab tuaj yeem tswj tau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv ntau qhov chaw nyuaj. Cov khoom siv stainless hlau feem ntau suav nrog 304, 316, 316L, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, 316L stainless hlau saw hlau muaj kev tiv taus corrosion zoo dua hauv cov chaw muaj chloride ions. Cov saw hlau stainless hlau tsis zoo yuav xeb, tawg, thiab lwm yam teeb meem hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, cuam tshuam loj heev rau lawv lub neej ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv cov saw hlau stainless hlau, cov khoom siv stainless hlau zoo yuav tsum tau muab qhov tseem ceeb.

2. Siv ib puag ncig
Cov xwm txheej kub
Cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb yuav hloov pauv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kub sib txawv. Hauv qhov chaw kub siab, xws li cov khoom siv thauj khoom hauv cov cub tawg kev lag luam, qhov kub yuav ncav cuag ntau pua degrees. Lub sijhawm no, qhov coefficient thermal expansion ntawm cov saw hlau yuav tsum tau xav txog, vim tias qhov kub siab yuav ua rau cov saw hlau ntev, uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li cov saw hlau xoob thiab kev tawm tsam. Hauv qhov chaw kub qis, xws li cov khoom siv thauj khoom hauv cov tsev khaws khoom khov, cov saw hlau yuav ua rau tawg thiab txo qhov tawv. Qee cov khoom siv hlau tsis xeb tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo ntawm qhov kub qis heev, tab sis nws kuj tseem ceeb heev rau xaiv cov saw hlau tsis xeb tsim nyog raws li qhov kub qis tshwj xeeb kom tiv thaiv cov saw hlau kom tsis txhob tawg.
Ib puag ncig tshuaj lom neeg
Yog tias cov saw hlau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg corrosive, xws li cov chaw ua haujlwm tsim tshuaj, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv ntawm ntug hiav txwv, yuav tsum xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov saw hlau. Cov tshuaj sib txawv muaj cov teebmeem corrosive sib txawv ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj chloride muaj zog dua rau cov hlau tsis xeb. Txawm tias cov khoom siv hlau tsis xeb kuj tseem yuav raug corroded yog tias raug rau cov kua qaub thiab alkali muaj zog ntev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv cov saw hlau tsis xeb nrog kev tiv thaiv corrosion sib xws raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv ib puag ncig.

3. Cov kev cai thauj khoom
Lub nra hnyav zoo li qub
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia meej txog qhov loj ntawm lub nra hnyav uas lub saw yuav tsum dais thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, suav nrog qhov hnyav ntawm lub saw nws tus kheej, qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom dai lossis thauj mus los, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, hauv cov khoom siv nqa lub pob tawb dai uas siv hauv kev tsim kho, lub saw yuav tsum dais qhov hnyav ntawm lub pob tawb dai, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho thiab cov cuab yeej. Nws yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov hnyav ntawm lub saw ntau dua li qhov hnyav tiag tiag kom tiv thaiv lub saw kom tsis txhob ncab dhau lossis tawg.
Kev thauj khoom dynamic
Rau cov khoom siv uas muaj kev txav mus los, qhov hnyav dynamic yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum lub saw hlau khiav ntawm qhov ceev ceev lossis feem ntau pib thiab nres, qhov hnyav cuam tshuam yuav raug tsim. Piv txwv li, hauv qhov txuas ntawm cov kab ntau lawm tsis siv neeg, cov khoom txav mus los sai sai ntawm lub saw hlau, thiab lub zog cuam tshuam loj yuav raug tsim thaum pib thiab nres. Qhov no yuav tsum tau kom cov saw hlau stainless muaj lub zog qaug zog txaus thiab tiv taus kev cuam tshuam. Feem ntau, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv cov saw hlau ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb thiab qib zog raws li qhov ceev txav mus los, kev nrawm thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov hnyav.

4. Cov kev cai ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm cov saw hlau
Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev
Hauv qee cov khoom siv precision, xws li cov tshuab ntim khoom noj, cov kab tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam, qhov tseeb ntawm cov saw hlau yog siab heev. Qhov tseeb ntawm cov saw hlau, lub cheeb ntawm cov menyuam, thiab lwm yam cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev khiav ntawm cov khoom siv. Yog tias qhov yuam kev ntawm lub suab loj dhau, nws yuav ua rau tsis zoo ntawm cov saw hlau thiab lub sprocket, tsim kev co thiab suab nrov, thiab txawm tias cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, hauv cov xwm txheej thov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv cov saw hlau stainless hlau siab thiab tswj hwm lawv qhov tseeb thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab siv.
Kev raug ntawm kev txav mus los
Rau cov khoom siv uas xav tau kev tswj hwm qhov chaw txav mus los thiab qhov ceev, xws li lub tshuab hloov cuab yeej ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm CNC, qhov tseeb ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Cov saw hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob dhia hniav lossis nkag thaum txav mus los, txwv tsis pub nws yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov cuab yeej thiab txo qis kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov zoo.

5. Kev siv roj thiab kev txij nkawm
Txoj kev siv roj nplua nyeem
Kev siv roj nplua nyeem kom zoo yuav txo tau kev hnav ntawm cov saw hlau thiab ua kom nws lub neej siv ntev dua. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los siv roj nplua nyeem rau cov saw hlau tsis xeb, xws li siv roj nplua nyeem los ntawm kev siv dej los ntxuav, siv roj da dej los ntxuav, thiab siv roj los ntxuav. Qee qhov xwm txheej uas siv roj qeeb qeeb thiab siv roj me me, tej zaum yuav txaus siv roj los ntxuav; qee qhov xwm txheej uas siv roj ceev ceev thiab siv roj ntau, tej zaum yuav siv roj da dej los ntxuav tej zaum yuav tsim nyog dua. Piv txwv li, ntawm cov saw hlau kis ntawm cov maus taus, feem ntau siv roj los ntxuav tas li; thaum siv roj da dej los ntxuav tej khoom siv loj hauv kev lag luam, tej zaum yuav muaj ib lub cuab yeej siv roj da dej tshwj xeeb los ntxuav cov saw hlau kom cov saw hlau khiav hauv cov roj kom paub tseeb tias nws muaj roj nplua nyeem tag nrho.
Kev saib xyuas lub voj voog
Txheeb xyuas lub voj voog txij nkawm tsim nyog raws li cov yam xws li qhov chaw ua haujlwm, qhov hnyav thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov saw hlau. Cov saw hlau ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw nyuaj, xws li ntawm cov khoom siv khawb av plua plav lossis cov khoom siv ntawv ntub dej, yuav xav tau kev txij nkawm ntau zaus. Cov ntsiab lus txij nkawm suav nrog kev kuaj xyuas qhov hnav ntawm cov saw hlau, qhov xwm txheej roj nplua nyeem, seb cov khoom sib txuas puas xoob, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau hais lus, kev ntxuav cov av thiab cov khoom tsis huv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau kuj yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm txij nkawm, vim tias cov khoom tsis huv no yuav ua rau cov saw hlau hnav sai dua.

6. Kev teeb tsa thiab kev sib txuas
Kev teeb tsa raug
Thaum txhim kho cov saw hlau tsis xeb, xyuas kom meej tias cov saw hlau tau teeb tsa kom raug thiab sib txuas zoo nrog lub sprocket. Qhov kev nruj ntawm cov saw hlau yuav tsum tsim nyog. Qhov xoob dhau yuav ua rau cov saw hlau dhia hniav, thiab qhov nruj dhau yuav ua rau cov saw hlau hnav thiab siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho cov saw hlau tsheb kauj vab, yog tias qhov kev nruj tsis tsim nyog, cov saw hlau yuav yooj yim poob thaum caij tsheb kauj vab. Thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov axial thiab radial runout ntawm lub sprocket tsis loj dhau, txwv tsis pub nws kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov saw hlau.
Txoj kev sib txuas
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txuas cov saw hlau tsis xeb, xws li siv cov txuas txuas, cov koob cotter, thiab lwm yam. Thaum xaiv txoj kev txuas, yuav tsum xav txog lub zog thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm qhov kev txuas. Ntawm qee cov khoom siv hnyav lossis cov khoom siv ceev ceev, yuav tsum muaj txoj kev txuas muaj zog heev kom tiv thaiv kev xoob lossis tawg ntawm cov khoom sib txuas.

7. Kev siv tshuab kho qhov chaw
Qee cov thev naus laus zis kho qhov chaw siab heev, xws li kev txhuam thiab kev txau, tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab kev tiv thaiv kev xeb ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb, yog li ua rau lawv lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua. Cov thev naus laus zis kho qhov chaw no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov saw hlau xwb, tab sis kuj txhim kho nws qhov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav rau qee qhov.

8. Kev siv zaus thiab kev ua haujlwm hnyav
Qhov zaus thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb kuj yog cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau lawv lub neej ua haujlwm. Yog tias cov saw hlau nyob rau hauv lub xeev ua haujlwm siab, zaus siab ntev, nws qhov hnav thiab qaug zog yuav nrawm dua, yog li ua rau nws lub neej ua haujlwm luv dua. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog thiab lub sijhawm so kom txaus, cov saw hlau tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo dua thiab ntev nws lub neej ua haujlwm.

9. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo heev tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov saw hlau tsis xeb zoo thiab ua tau zoo. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib phim ntawm ntau qhov ntawm cov saw hlau thiab txo qhov ua tsis tiav thaum ntxov los ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam thiab cov txheej txheem kho cua sov ntawm cov saw hlau yuav muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo kawg. Kev xaiv lub chaw tsim khoom uas muaj lub koob npe zoo thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siab heev yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb.

10. Cov xwm txheej khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los
Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab thauj mus los kuj yuav cuam tshuam rau nws lub neej ua haujlwm. Yog tias cov saw hlau khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw noo thiab muaj roj corrosive, lossis raug kev sib tsoo thiab extrusion hnyav thaum thauj mus los, nws yuav ua rau xeb, deformation thiab lwm yam teeb meem hauv cov saw hlau, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau nws siv thiab lub neej ib txwm muaj. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem khaws cia thiab thauj mus los tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov saw hlau tsis xeb.

11. Kev tshuaj xyuas tas li thiab kev kho kom raws sijhawm
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov saw hlau tsis xeb tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim raws sijhawm thiab ua cov kev kho kom zoo. Piv txwv li, xyuas seb qhov siab ntawm cov saw hlau puas tau hloov pauv, seb puas muaj cov hniav tawg lossis tawg, thiab lwm yam. Thaum pom qhov teeb meem, nws yuav tsum tau kho lossis hloov pauv raws sijhawm kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem loj xws li cov saw hlau tawg tam sim ntawd. Kev saib xyuas tiv thaiv no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txuas lub neej kev pabcuam ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb.

12. Kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev hauv ib puag ncig
Thaum siv, cov saw hlau tsis xeb yuav raug ntau yam kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev, xws li kev ntxhov siab tensile, kev ntxhov siab khoov, thiab lwm yam. Qhov cuam tshuam mus sij hawm ntev ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab no yuav ua rau muaj kev tawg ntawm cov saw hlau, uas cuam tshuam rau nws lub neej ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsim thiab siv cov saw hlau tsis xeb, lawv cov kev ntxhov siab yuav tsum tau xav txog tag nrho, thiab cov lus qhia thiab cov qauv ntawm cov saw hlau yuav tsum tau xaiv kom tsim nyog kom txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov saw hlau uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev.

13. Cov dej noo thiab cov av noo nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig
Cov dej noo thiab cov av noo hauv ib puag ncig kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov yam uas cuam tshuam rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau stainless. Hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj av noo, cov saw hlau stainless feem ntau yuav raug oxidation thiab xeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv huab cua uas muaj ntsev, xws li thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej noo kuj tseem yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv lubrication ntawm cov saw hlau, ua rau cov roj nplua nyeem tsis zoo, txo cov nyhuv lubrication, thiab ua kom cov saw hlau hnav sai dua. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv cov saw hlau stainless hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj av noo, yuav tsum tau ua cov kev ntsuas uas tiv taus dej noo thiab tiv taus xeb, thiab yuav tsum xaiv cov roj nplua nyeem uas haum rau ib puag ncig uas muaj av noo.

14. Qhov zoo ntawm cov saw hlau pib
Qhov zoo thawj zaug ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb muaj feem cuam tshuam rau nws lub neej ua haujlwm. Cov saw hlau zoo raug tswj xyuas zoo nruj thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, thiab lawv cov khoom siv, qhov loj me, kev ua tau zoo, thiab lwm yam ua tau raws li cov qauv siab thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv ntau yam kev ua haujlwm. Cov saw hlau tsis zoo yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, xws li cov khoom siv tsis huv thiab kev vuam xoob. Cov teeb meem no yuav maj mam tshwm sim thaum siv, ua rau cov saw hlau puas ua ntej lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, thaum yuav cov saw hlau tsis xeb, cov neeg muag khoom muaj npe nrov yuav tsum tau xaiv los xyuas kom meej tias cov saw hlau zoo thawj zaug.

15. Cov cwj pwm siv ntawm cov neeg teb xov tooj
Cov neeg teb xov tooj siv cov cwj pwm kuj yuav cuam tshuam rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb. Piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tsis raug yuav ua rau cov saw hlau ntau dhau, nres thiab pib thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, thiab lwm yam, ua rau cov saw hlau hnav thiab qaug zog ntau ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, kev cob qhia rau cov neeg teb xov tooj kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm thiab kev ceev faj kom raug yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb los txuas lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb.

16. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxuav tas li
Kev ntxuav cov saw hlau tsis xeb tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov av qias neeg, cov av nkos thiab lwm yam tsis huv ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Yog tias cov tsis huv no tsis tau ntxuav raws sijhawm, lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau sab hauv ntawm cov saw hlau thiab ua rau cov saw hlau hnav sai dua. Yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj ntxuav thiab cov cuab yeej tsim nyog thaum ntxuav kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov saw hlau. Tib lub sijhawm, yuav tsum tau ua kom lubrication raws sijhawm tom qab ntxuav kom rov qab ua haujlwm zoo.

17. Cov khoom me me thiab cov khoom tsis huv hauv ib puag ncig
Hauv qee qhov chaw ua haujlwm, xws li cov chaw khawb av, cov chaw tsim kho, thiab lwm yam, huab cua yuav muaj ntau yam khoom me me thiab cov khoom tsis huv. Cov khoom me me no yuav nkag mus rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov saw hlau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau, tsim cov khoom sib txhuam thiab ua rau cov saw hlau hnav hnyav dua. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv cov saw hlau tsis xeb hauv qhov chaw zoo li no, yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv, xws li kev teeb tsa cov npog tiv thaiv, kev ntxuav tas li, thiab lwm yam, kom txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom me me thiab cov khoom tsis huv rau ntawm cov saw hlau.

18. Saw khiav ceev
Qhov khiav ceev ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov yam uas cuam tshuam rau nws lub neej kev pabcuam. Thaum khiav ntawm qhov ceev ceev, lub zog centrifugal thiab lub zog cuam tshuam ntawm cov saw hlau yuav nce ntxiv, ua rau hnav thiab qaug zog ntawm cov saw hlau ntau ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsim thiab siv cov saw hlau tsis xeb, lawv qhov khiav ceev yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag, thiab cov qauv saw hlau thiab cov txheej txheem lubrication uas tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ceev ceev yuav tsum tau xaiv.

19. Kev co thiab kev poob siab hauv ib puag ncig
Hauv qee yam khoom siv, cov saw hlau tsis xeb yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev co thiab kev poob siab. Kev co thiab kev poob siab mus sij hawm ntev tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov saw hlau xoob thiab txawm tias qaug zog tawg. Yog li ntawd, thaum txhim kho cov saw hlau, kev sib kis ntawm kev co thiab kev cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau txo qis, xws li siv cov khoom nqus dej, kho qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam. Tib lub sijhawm, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov saw hlau tsis tu ncua thiab kev zawm cov khoom xoob raws sijhawm kuj yog cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov saw hlau.

20. Kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob hauv ib puag ncig
Hauv qee qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, xws li cov chaw tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw kuaj mob, tej zaum yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias cov saw hlau tsis xeb nws tus kheej yuav tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob, hauv qee cov khoom siv precision, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis ruaj khov. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv cov saw hlau tsis xeb hauv qhov chaw zoo li no, yuav tsum xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob thiab yuav tsum tau ua cov kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv sib xws.

Hauv kev xaus, lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog cov khoom zoo, kev siv ib puag ncig, qhov yuav tsum tau thauj khoom, qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raug ntawm cov saw hlau, lubrication thiab kev saib xyuas, kev teeb tsa thiab kev sib txuas, kev siv tshuab kho qhov chaw, kev siv zaus thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los, kev tshuaj xyuas tas li thiab kev kho kom raws sijhawm, kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov tshuab hauv ib puag ncig, dej noo thiab av noo hauv ib puag ncig, qhov zoo ntawm cov saw hlau, tus neeg teb xov tooj siv tus cwj pwm, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxuav tas li, cov khoom me me thiab cov khoom tsis huv hauv ib puag ncig, qhov ceev ntawm cov saw hlau, kev co thiab kev cuam tshuam hauv ib puag ncig, thiab kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic hauv ib puag ncig. Yuav kom txuas lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau tsis xeb thiab txhim kho lawv qhov kev ntseeg siab thiab kev lag luam, peb yuav tsum xav txog cov yam ntxwv no hauv txhua yam xws li kev xaiv, kev teeb tsa, kev siv thiab kev saib xyuas, thiab ua cov kev ntsuas sib xws. Tsuas yog txoj hauv kev no peb thiaj li ua tau kom cov saw hlau tsis xeb ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntau yam kev ua haujlwm thiab muab cov kev pabcuam ntev thiab ruaj khov rau peb cov khoom tsim khoom thiab lub neej.