Cov Txheej Txheem Tempering Rau Cov Menyuam: Ib Qho Tseem Ceeb Uas Txiav Txim Siab Txog Kev Sib Kis
Hauv kev lag luam xa xov hluav taws xob,cov saw hlauyog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev xa lub zog thiab kev txav mus los, thiab lawv cov kev ua tau zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab. Txij li kev sib kis hnyav hauv cov tshuab khawb av mus rau kev tsav tsheb kom raug ntawm cov cuab yeej tshuab, los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv thaj teb hauv cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb mus rau kev xa hluav taws xob hauv cov cav tsheb, cov saw hlau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm "choj fais fab." Hauv kev tsim cov saw hlau, kev ua kom sov, ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov, zoo li kauj ruam tseem ceeb uas "hloov pob zeb mus ua kub," txiav txim siab ncaj qha rau lub zog ntawm cov saw hlau, kev tawv, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav, thiab lub neej ua haujlwm.
1. Vim li cas kev ua kom sov yog ib qho "kev kawm yuav tsum tau ua" hauv kev tsim cov saw hlau?
Ua ntej tham txog cov txheej txheem tempering, peb yuav tsum xub piav qhia meej: Vim li cas ho tseem ceeb rau kev tempering cov saw hlau? Qhov no pib nrog kev ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov saw hlau: cov menyuam, cov bushings, cov pins, thiab cov phaj txuas. Tom qab tsim, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov saw hlau feem ntau dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem quenching: cov khoom ua haujlwm raug cua sov siab dua qhov kub tseem ceeb (feem ntau 820-860 ° C), tuav ntawm qhov kub ntawd rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd txias sai (piv txwv li, hauv dej lossis roj) los hloov cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov hlau mus rau hauv martensite. Thaum quenching ua rau cov khoom ua haujlwm nyuaj dua (mus txog HRC 58-62), nws kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo: kev ntxhov siab sab hauv siab heev thiab brittleness, ua rau nws yooj yim tawg hauv qab kev poob siab lossis kev co. Xav txog kev siv cov saw hlau quenched ncaj qha rau kev sib kis. Kev ua tsis tiav xws li kev tawg pin thiab kev tawg ntawm cov menyuam tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom thawj zaug, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo.
Cov txheej txheem tempering daws qhov teeb meem "nyuaj tab sis brittle" tom qab quenching. Cov khoom ua haujlwm quenched rov ua kom sov rau qhov kub qis dua qhov kub tseem ceeb (feem ntau yog 150-350 ° C), tuav ntawm qhov kub ntawd rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias. Cov txheej txheem no kho cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov hlau kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab kev tawv. Rau cov saw hlau, tempering ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb qhov tseem ceeb:
Txo kev ntxhov siab sab hauv: Tso tawm cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov qauv thiab cua sov uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm quenching, tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv thiab tawg hauv qhov workpiece vim muaj kev ntxhov siab thaum siv;
Txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab: Kho qhov sib piv ntawm qhov nyuaj, lub zog, thiab kev tawv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm daim ntawv thov—piv txwv li, cov saw hlau rau cov tshuab siv hauv kev tsim kho xav tau kev tawv dua, thaum cov saw hlau kis tau zoo xav tau kev tawv dua;
Ua kom cov qauv me me thiab qhov ntev ruaj khov: Ua kom cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov hlau ruaj khov kom tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov saw hlau los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv me me thaum siv, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib kis.
II. Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Ntsiab Lus Tswj Xyuas ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Tempering Roller Chain
Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tempering nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm peb qhov tseem ceeb: kub, lub sijhawm, thiab qhov txias. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv tuaj yeem tsim cov txiaj ntsig kev ua tau zoo sib txawv. Cov txheej txheem tempering yuav tsum tau kho kom haum rau cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov saw hlau (rollers, bushings, pins, thiab plates) vim lawv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab cov kev xav tau kev ua tau zoo.
1. Kev Kub Kub: Lub "Core Knob" rau Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm
Qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev txiav txim siab qhov kev ua tau zoo kawg ntawm ib qho workpiece. Thaum qhov kub nce ntxiv, qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov workpiece txo qis thiab nws cov tawv tawv nce ntxiv. Nyob ntawm seb daim ntawv thov saw hlau, qhov kub thiab txias feem ntau raug cais raws li hauv qab no:
Kev kho kom sov qis (150-250°C): Feem ntau siv rau cov khoom uas xav tau kev tawv thiab kev hnav tsis kam, xws li cov menyuam thiab cov bushings. Kev kho kom sov qis tswj tau qhov tawv ntawm HRC 55-60 thaum tshem tawm qee qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev siv zaus siab, kev cuam tshuam tsawg (xws li cov cuab yeej siv tshuab spindle drives).
Kev kho kom sov nruab nrab (300-450 ° C): Haum rau cov khoom uas xav tau lub zog siab thiab elasticity, xws li cov koob thiab cov phaj saw hlau. Tom qab kev kho kom sov nruab nrab, qhov nyuaj ntawm workpiece poob rau HRC 35-45, ua rau nws lub zog thiab qhov txwv elasticity zoo dua, ua rau nws tiv taus cov khoom hnyav (piv txwv li, hauv cov tshuab siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab cov khoom siv hauv kev khawb av).
Kev kho kub siab (500-650 ° C): Tsis tshua siv rau cov khoom siv hlau ntawm cov hlau, nws tsuas yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv pabcuam uas xav tau kev tawv siab. Ntawm qhov kub no, qhov tawv yuav raug txo qis ntxiv (HRC 25-35), tab sis kev cuam tshuam kev tawv tau zoo dua.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Qhov kub sib xws hauv lub cub tawg tempering yog qhov tseem ceeb, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub tswj tau hauv ± 5 ° C. Qhov kub tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv tib pawg ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, qhov kub siab dhau ntawm cov menyuam tuaj yeem tsim "cov chaw mos," txo qhov hnav tsis kam. Qhov kub qis dhau tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tsis tiav, ua rau tawg.
2. Lub Sijhawm Tempering: Ib qho "Txaus" rau Kev Hloov Pauv Microstructural
Lub sijhawm tempering yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv me me hauv cov khoom ua haujlwm thaum tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev overtempering. Lub sijhawm luv dhau yuav tiv thaiv kev tso tawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tag nrho, ua rau kev hloov pauv me me tsis tiav thiab tsis muaj zog txaus. Lub sijhawm ntev dhau yuav ua rau cov nqi tsim khoom ntau ntxiv thiab kuj tseem yuav ua rau kev txo qis ntawm qhov nyuaj. Lub sijhawm tempering rau cov khoom siv roller saw feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm thiab lub zog ntawm lub cub tawg:
Cov khoom nyias nyias (xws li cov phaj saw, 3-8 hli tuab): Lub sijhawm tempering feem ntau yog 1-2 teev;
Cov khoom siv phab ntsa tuab (xws li cov menyuam thiab cov koob, txoj kab uas hla 10-30 hli): Lub sijhawm tempering yuav tsum txuas ntxiv mus txog 2-4 teev;
Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj dua, lub sijhawm tempering yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv 10% -20% kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev hloov pauv cua sov mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Siv txoj kev "kauj ruam kub nce" tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qhov ua kom sov - ua ntej tsa qhov kub ntawm lub cub tawg mus rau 80% ntawm qhov kub uas xav tau, tuav rau 30 feeb, thiab tom qab ntawd tsa nws mus rau qhov kub uas xav tau kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab tshiab hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm vim qhov kub nce sai.
3. Tus Nqi Txias: "Kab Kawg ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv" rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Ruaj Khov
Qhov txias tom qab tempering muaj qhov cuam tshuam me me rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm workpiece, tab sis nws tseem yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo. Cua txias (txias ntuj) lossis cua txias hauv lub cub tawg (txias hauv lub cub tawg) feem ntau yog siv:
Tom qab qhov kub qis tempering, cua txias feem ntau yog siv los txo qhov kub kom sai sai rau qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav tsev thiab zam kev raug rau qhov kub nruab nrab ntev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau poob qhov nyuaj.
Yog tias xav tau kev tawv dua tom qab ua kom sov nruab nrab, siv tau qhov cua txias hauv lub cub tawg. Cov txheej txheem txias qeeb ua rau cov noob ntoo loj dua thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom txias, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab huab cua, uas tuaj yeem ua rau oxidation lossis decarburization. Cov pa roj tiv thaiv xws li nitrogen tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cub tawg tempering, lossis cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv oxidation tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw zoo.
III. Cov Teeb Meem thiab Kev Dais Teeb Meem ntawm Cov Hlau Roller Chain
Txawm tias cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau nkag siab lawm los xij, cov teeb meem zoo ntawm kev ua kom sov tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag vim muaj cov yam xws li cov khoom siv, kev ua haujlwm, lossis cov ntaub ntawv. Cov hauv qab no yog plaub qhov teeb meem feem ntau uas ntsib thaum lub sijhawm ua kom sov cov saw hlau thiab lawv cov kev daws teeb meem sib xws:
1. Tsis txaus lossis tsis sib npaug Hardness
Cov tsos mob: Qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov workpiece qis dua qhov yuav tsum tau tsim (piv txwv li, qhov nyuaj ntawm lub roller tsis ncav cuag HRC 55), lossis qhov nyuaj sib txawv ntawm ntau qhov ntawm tib qhov workpiece tshaj HRC 3. Ua rau:
Kub dhau los yog lub sijhawm tuav ntev dhau;
Qhov kub ntawm lub cub tawg tempering tsis sib npaug;
Qhov txias ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm tom qab quenching tsis txaus, ua rau cov martensite tsis tiav.
Cov Kev Daws Teeb Meem:
Kho qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub cub tawg kom zoo, saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias hauv lub cub tawg tas li, thiab hloov cov raj cua sov uas laus lawm;
Tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm kom nruj raws li daim ntawv txheej txheem thiab siv cov theem tuav;
Txhim kho cov txheej txheem quenching thiab txias kom ntseeg tau tias qhov workpiece txias sai thiab sib xws.
2. Kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tsis raug tshem tawm, ua rau tawg thaum siv
Cov tsos mob: Thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab siv cov saw hlau thawj zaug, tus pin lossis phaj saw hlau yuav tawg yam tsis muaj lus ceeb toom, nrog rau qhov tawg yooj yim.
Ua rau:
Qhov kub ntawm kev ua kom sov qis dhau los yog lub sijhawm tuav luv dhau, ua rau tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab sab hauv;
Cov khoom ua haujlwm tsis tau tempered sai tom qab quenching (ntau tshaj 24 teev), ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Kev daws teeb meem:
Ua kom qhov kub ntawm qhov tempering nce ntxiv raws li qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, ntawm 300 ° C txog 320 ° C rau cov koob) thiab txuas lub sijhawm tuav.
Tom qab quenching, qhov workpiece yuav tsum tau tempered hauv 4 teev kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntev.
Siv cov txheej txheem "tempering thib ob" rau cov khoom tseem ceeb (tom qab pib tempering, txias rau qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav thiab tom qab ntawd tempering dua ntawm qhov kub siab) kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab seem.
3. Kev Oxidation thiab Decarburization ntawm Qhov Chaw
Cov tsos mob: Ib qho grey-dub oxide nplai tshwm sim rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, lossis lub cuab yeej ntsuas qhov nyuaj qhia tias qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw qis dua qhov nyuaj ntawm lub hauv paus (txheej decarburization tuab dua 0.1 hli).
Ua rau:
Cov pa ntau dhau hauv lub cub tawg ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm thiab cov pa oxygen.
Lub sijhawm tempering ntau dhau ua rau cov pa roj carbon kis mus thiab tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Kev daws teeb meem: Siv lub cub tawg tempering kaw nrog cov huab cua tiv thaiv nitrogen lossis hydrogen kom tswj tau cov pa oxygen hauv lub cub tawg kom qis dua 0.5%. Txo lub sijhawm tempering tsis tsim nyog thiab ua kom zoo dua txoj kev thauj khoom hauv lub cub tawg kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom ua haujlwm ntau dhau. Rau cov khoom ua haujlwm uas tau oxidized me ntsis, ua kev tua phom tom qab tempering kom tshem tawm cov nplai ntawm qhov chaw.
4. Kev Hloov Pauv Qhov Ntev
Cov tsos mob: Cov menyuam dov ovality ntau dhau (tshaj 0.05 hli) lossis cov qhov phaj saw hlau tsis sib xws.
Ua rau: Kev kub lossis txias sai dhau ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thermal uas ua rau deformation.
Qhov tso tsis raug ntawm cov workpieces thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom hauv lub cub tawg ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tsis sib npaug.
Kev daws teeb meem: Siv cua sov qeeb qeeb (50°C/teev) thiab txias qeeb qeeb kom txo tau kev ntxhov siab ntawm cua sov.
Tsim cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ua haujlwm tseem nyob dawb thaum lub sijhawm tempering kom tsis txhob muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib hloov.
Rau cov khoom ua haujlwm siab, ntxiv cov kauj ruam ncaj tom qab tempering, siv kev ncaj siab lossis kev kho cua sov kom kho qhov loj me.
IV. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Zoo thiab Cov Qauv Txais Yuav ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Tempering
Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau dov ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua tom qab tempering, yuav tsum tsim kom muaj ib lub tshuab tshuaj xyuas zoo, ua kev tshuaj xyuas thoob plaws plaub qhov ntsuas: qhov tsos, qhov nyuaj, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab microstructure.
1. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Qhov Muag
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tshuaj Xyuas: Cov qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw xws li nplai, tawg, thiab qhov nkhaus.
Txoj Kev Tshuaj Xyuas: Tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kev pom los yog tshuaj xyuas nrog lub iav loj (10x magnification).
Cov Qauv Txais Yuav: Tsis muaj qhov nplai, tawg, lossis burrs pom ntawm qhov chaw, thiab xim sib xws.
2. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Qhov Nyuaj
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tshuaj Xyuas: Qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov nyuaj sib xws.
Txoj Kev Tshuaj Xyuas: Siv lub Rockwell hardness tester (HRC) los sim qhov nyuaj ntawm cov rollers thiab pins. 5% ntawm cov workpieces los ntawm txhua pawg raug kuaj xyuas random, thiab peb qhov chaw sib txawv ntawm txhua workpiece raug tshuaj xyuas.
Cov Qauv Txais:
Cov menyuam thiab cov bushings: HRC 55-60, nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm ≤ HRC3 hauv tib pawg.
Pin thiab saw phaj: HRC 35-45, nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm ≤ HRC2 hauv tib pawg. 3. Kev Ntsuas Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab
Cov Ntsiab Lus Xeem: Lub zog tensile, kev cuam tshuam toughness;
Txoj Kev Xeem: Cov qauv txheem tau npaj los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov workpieces txhua lub quarter rau kev sim tensile (GB / T 228.1) thiab kev sim cuam tshuam (GB / T 229);
Cov Qauv Txais:
Lub zog tensile: Pins ≥ 800 MPa, Chains ≥ 600 MPa;
Kev Cuam Tshuam Toughness: Pins ≥ 30 J / cm², Chains ≥ 25 J / cm².
4. Kev Ntsuas Cov Qauv Me Me
Cov Ntsiab Lus Xeem: Cov qauv sab hauv yog cov martensite tempered thiab bainite tempered sib xws;
Txoj Kev Ntsuas: Cov ntu hla ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm raug txiav, txhuam, thiab khawb, thiab tom qab ntawd saib xyuas siv lub tshuab tsom iav metallographic (400x magnification);
Cov Qauv Txais: Cov qauv sib xws uas tsis muaj cov carbides hauv network lossis cov nplej loj, thiab cov txheej decarburized tuab ≤ 0.05 hli.
V. Cov Qauv Kev Lag Luam: Kev Taw Qhia Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Tempering Txawj Ntse
Nrog rau kev siv dav dav ntawm Kev Lag Luam 4.0 thev naus laus zis, cov txheej txheem tempering roller saw hlau tab tom txhim kho mus rau cov txheej txheem ntse, meej, thiab ntsuab. Cov hauv qab no yog peb qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau sau tseg:
1. Lub Tshuab Tswj Kub Ntsuas Kub
Siv Internet of Things (IoT) thev naus laus zis, ntau pawg ntawm cov thermocouples siab thiab cov ntsuas kub infrared tau muab tso rau hauv lub cub tawg tempering kom sau cov ntaub ntawv kub tiag tiag. Siv AI algorithms, lub zog cua sov raug kho kom ua tiav qhov tseeb ntawm kev tswj kub hauv ± 2 ° C. Ntxiv mus, lub kaw lus sau cov kab nkhaus tempering rau txhua pawg ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, tsim cov ntaub ntawv zoo uas taug qab tau.
2. Kev Ua Qauv Txheej Txheem Digital
Siv cov software finite element analysis (xws li ANSYS), qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm tempering raug sim los kwv yees qhov ua tau deformation thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis sib xws, yog li ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, kev sim ua tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub sijhawm tempering zoo tshaj plaws rau ib tus qauv roller tshwj xeeb, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua 30% piv rau cov txheej txheem sim thiab ua yuam kev ib txwm muaj.
3. Cov Txheej Txheem Ntsuab thiab Txuag Hluav Taws Xob
Kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tempering uas kub tsawg, luv luv yuav txo qhov kub thiab kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj catalyst. Kev siv lub tshuab rov qab siv cua sov pov tseg los rov ua dua cov cua sov los ntawm cov pa roj kub siab uas tawm ntawm lub cub tawg tempering rau kev ua kom cov khoom ua haujlwm sov ua ntej, ua tiav kev txuag hluav taws xob ntau dua 20%. Ntxiv mus, kev txhawb nqa kev siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv oxidation uas yaj tau hauv dej ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov txheej txheem roj ib txwm txo cov pa phem VOC.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Cuaj hlis-08-2025