Cov Txheej Txheem Txheem ntawm Cov Hlau Rau Cov Menyuam Sab Nraud Txuas Phaj Stamping

Cov Txheej Txheem Txheem ntawm Cov Hlau Rau Cov Menyuam Sab Nraud Txuas Phaj Stamping

Hauv cov kab ke sib kis hauv kev lag luam, cov saw hlau yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib kis, thiab lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom siv thiab lub neej ua haujlwm. Cov phaj txuas sab nraud, lub "pob txha" ntawmlub saw hlau, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xa cov khoom thauj thiab txuas cov saw hlau. Kev ua kom raug thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov saw hlau. Kev luam ntawv, txoj kev tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov phaj txuas sab nraud, xav tau cov qauv nruj ntawm txhua kauj ruam, los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw mus rau kev xa khoom tiav, kom ntseeg tau tias cov phaj txuas sab nraud muaj lub zog txaus, kev tawv, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev. Tsab xov xwm no yuav muab kev tshuaj xyuas tob txog cov qauv txheej txheem tag nrho rau cov saw hlau txuas sab nraud, muab cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam nrog kev siv thiab tso cai rau cov neeg siv kawg kom nkag siab meej dua txog cov txheej txheem tom qab cov saw hlau zoo.

I. Kev Paub Tseeb Ua Ntej Stamping: Kev Xaiv Khoom Siv Raw thiab Cov Qauv Ua Ntej

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov phaj txuas sab nraud pib nrog cov khoom siv zoo. Cov txheej txheem stamping teeb tsa cov kev cai meej rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw, uas yog cov kev cai ua ntej rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem tom ntej. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau cov phaj txuas sab nraud hauv kev lag luam yog cov hlau tsis muaj carbon tsawg (xws li 20Mn2 thiab 20CrMnTi) thiab cov hlau tsis muaj carbon zoo (xws li 45 hlau). Kev xaiv cov khoom siv nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov saw hlau (piv txwv li, cov khoom hnyav, kev kub ceev, thiab cov chaw muaj kuab paug). Txawm li cas los xij, tsis hais cov khoom siv xaiv, nws yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv tseem ceeb hauv qab no:

1. Cov Qauv Tshuaj Lom Zem ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Raw
Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv Carbon (C): Rau cov hlau 45, cov khoom siv carbon yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.42% thiab 0.50%. Cov khoom siv carbon ntau dua tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv tawg thiab tawg thaum lub sijhawm stamping, thaum cov khoom siv carbon qis dua tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau nws lub zog tom qab kev kho cua sov tom qab. Cov khoom siv manganese (Mn) ntawm 20Mn2 hlau yuav tsum tswj hwm ntawm 1.40% thiab 1.80% los txhim kho cov khoom siv lub zog thiab kev tawv, xyuas kom meej tias cov phaj txuas sab nraud tiv taus kev tawg thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov Kev Txwv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Phom Sij: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Sulfur (S) thiab phosphorus (P) yuav tsum raug tswj hwm nruj me ntsis hauv qab 0.035%. Ob lub ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke qis-melting-point, ua rau cov khoom siv ua "kub brittle" lossis "txias brittle" thaum lub sijhawm stamping, cuam tshuam rau cov khoom tiav.

2. Cov Qauv Ua Ntej Khoom Siv Raw

Ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem stamping, cov khoom siv raw yuav tsum tau ua peb kauj ruam ua ntej: pickling, phosphating, thiab oiling. Txhua kauj ruam muaj cov kev cai zoo meej:

Kev Tua Kab: Siv cov kua qaub hydrochloric acid 15% -20%, muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sov li 15-20 feeb kom tshem tawm cov nplai thiab xeb ntawm qhov chaw hlau. Tom qab tua kab, qhov chaw hlau yuav tsum tsis muaj cov nplai pom thiab tsis muaj xeb ntau dhau (pitting), uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov lo rau ntawm cov txheej phosphate tom ntej.

Phosphating: Siv cov tshuaj phosphating uas muaj zinc, kho ntawm 50-60°C rau 10-15 feeb kom tsim tau ib txheej phosphate nrog qhov tuab ntawm 5-8μm. Cov txheej phosphate yuav tsum sib npaug thiab ntom, nrog rau kev nplaum mus txog Qib 1 (tsis tev tawv) siv qhov kev sim hla-txiav. Qhov no txo ​​qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm lub pwm stamping thiab lub phaj hlau, ua kom lub pwm ntev dua thiab txhim kho qhov tiv taus xeb ntawm lub phaj txuas sab nraud.

Kev siv roj: Tsuag ib txheej roj tiv thaiv xeb nyias nyias (tuab ≤ 3μm) rau ntawm qhov chaw txheej phosphate. Cov roj zaj duab xis yuav tsum tau pleev kom sib npaug yam tsis muaj qhov sib txawv lossis sib sau ua ke. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev xeb ntawm cov hlau phaj thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thaum tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm stamping tom qab.

II. Cov Qauv rau Cov Txheej Txheem Stamping Core: Kev Tswj Xyuas Kom Tseeb los ntawm Blanking mus rau Forming

Cov txheej txheem stamping rau cov txuas sab nraud ntawm cov saw hlau feem ntau muaj plaub kauj ruam tseem ceeb: blanking, punching, forming, thiab trimming. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov tseeb ntawm cov pwm, thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm txhua kauj ruam cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov txuas sab nraud. Cov qauv hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua raws li:

1. Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Ua Kom Dawb
Kev ua kom tiaj tiaj yog kev xuas cov hlau nyoos rau hauv cov hlau uas tsis tau txiav kom sib npaug rau qhov loj ntawm cov txuas sab nraud. Kev xyuas kom meej tias qhov loj thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau uas tsis tau txiav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem no.

Kev Xaiv Khoom Siv: Yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab nias ib qho uas kaw ib qho xwb (tonnage txawv nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov txuas sab nraud, feem ntau yog 63-160kN). Qhov tseeb ntawm lub tshuab nias yuav tsum tswj tau hauv ±0.02 hli kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nias sib xws rau txhua lub tshuab thiab zam kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntev.

Kev Ntsuas Qhov Tseeb ntawm Cov Tuag: Qhov sib nrug ntawm lub punch thiab cov tuag ntawm cov tuag blanking yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov khoom tuab, feem ntau 5% -8% ntawm cov khoom tuab (piv txwv li, rau cov khoom tuab 3 hli, qhov sib nrug yog 0.15-0.24 hli). Qhov roughness ntawm cov ntug txiav tuag yuav tsum qis dua Ra0.8μm. Kev hnav ntug ntau tshaj 0.1 hli yuav tsum tau rov sib tsoo sai sai kom tiv thaiv cov burrs los ntawm kev tsim ntawm ntug dawb (qhov siab burr ≤ 0.05 hli).

Cov kev cai ntawm qhov ntev: Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev dawb paug yuav tsum tau tswj kom tsis pub dhau ± 0.03 hli, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov dav tsis pub dhau ± 0.02 hli, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kab pheeb ces kaum tsis pub dhau 0.04 hli tom qab blanking kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseeb rau cov kauj ruam ua tom ntej.

2. Cov Txheej Txheem Punching

Kev xuas nrig yog txheej txheem ntawm kev xuas cov qhov ntsia hlau thiab cov qhov dov rau cov phaj txuas sab nraud rau hauv qhov khoob tom qab kev xuas nrig. Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov loj ntawm txoj kab uas hla cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau dov.

Txoj Kev Tso Chaw: Siv ob lub datum positioning (siv ob sab ntug ntawm lub blank ua qhov siv los ua piv txwv). Cov pins nrhiav chaw yuav tsum ua tau raws li IT6 qhov tseeb kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw dawb paug sib xws thaum txhua qhov xuas nrig. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum yog ≤ 0.02 hli (piv rau qhov chaw ntawm lub phaj txuas sab nraud). Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov txoj kab uas hla: Qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub bolt thiab cov qhov roller yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua siab ntev ntawm IT9 (piv txwv li, rau qhov 10 hli, qhov sib txawv yog +0.036 hli/-0 hli). Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov puag ncig yuav tsum yog ≤0.01 hli, thiab qhov roughness ntawm phab ntsa qhov yuav tsum qis dua Ra1.6μm. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov saw hlau kom tsis txhob xoob dhau lossis nruj dhau vim qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj khov ntawm kev sib kis.

Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Kev Xuas: Xuas cov qhov ntsia hlau ua ntej, tom qab ntawd cov qhov dov. Qhov sib txawv ntawm nruab nrab mus rau nruab nrab ntawm ob lub qhov yuav tsum tsis pub dhau ± 0.02 hli. Qhov sib txawv ntawm nruab nrab mus rau nruab nrab tag nrho yuav ua rau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm lub suab hauv cov saw hlau dov, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib kis.

3. Tsim Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem

Kev tsim khoom yuav tsum nias lub pob zeb uas raug xuas los ntawm lub pwm mus rau hauv daim phaj txuas sab nraud kawg (piv txwv li, nkhaus lossis kauj ruam). Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias daim phaj txuas sab nraud cov duab raug thiab tswj tau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rov qab.

Tsim Pwm: Lub pwm tsim yuav tsum tau txais cov qauv sib cais, nrog ob lub chaw nres tsheb, ua ntej tsim thiab ua tiav, teeb tsa raws li lub phaj txuas sab nraud. Lub chaw nres tsheb ua ntej tsim thawj zaug nias lub pob kom ua ib daim duab ua ntej kom txo qhov kev ntxhov siab deformation thaum lub sijhawm tsim kawg. Qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw pwm tsim kawg yuav tsum ncav cuag Ra0.8μm kom ntseeg tau tias lub phaj txuas sab nraud du thiab tsis muaj qhov.

Kev Tswj Siab: Lub siab tsim yuav tsum tau xam raws li cov khoom siv lub zog thiab feem ntau yog 1.2-1.5 npaug ntawm cov khoom siv lub zog (piv txwv li, lub zog ntawm 20Mn2 hlau yog 345MPa; lub siab tsim yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 414-517MPa). Lub siab tsawg dhau yuav ua rau tsis tiav kev tsim, thaum lub siab ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov yas deformation ntau dhau, cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm kho cua sov tom qab. Kev Tswj Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav: Tom qab tsim, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm lub phaj txuas sab nraud yuav tsum tau tswj hwm hauv 0.5 °. Qhov no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub kaum sab xis hauv qhov pwm (txiav txim siab raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, feem ntau 0.3 ° -0.5 °) kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom tiav ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim.

4. Cov Txheej Txheem Txiav
Kev txiav yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov teeb ci thiab cov khoom siv ntau dhau uas tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom kom ntseeg tau tias cov npoo ntawm lub phaj txuas sab nraud ncaj.

Kev Ntsuas Qhov Tseeb ntawm Lub Tuag Txiav: Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub punch thiab lub tuag ntawm lub tuag txiav yuav tsum tau tswj hwm hauv 0.01-0.02 hli, thiab qhov ntse ntawm ntug txiav yuav tsum qis dua Ra0.4μm. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov npoo ntawm lub phaj txuas sab nraud tom qab txiav yog tsis muaj burr (qhov siab burr ≤ 0.03 hli) thiab qhov yuam kev ncaj ntawm ntug yog ≤ 0.02 hli / m.

Kev Txiav: Txiav cov npoo ntev ua ntej, tom qab ntawd txiav cov npoo luv. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm lub phaj txuas sab nraud vim yog kev txiav tsis raug. Tom qab txiav, lub phaj txuas sab nraud yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li cov ces kaum tawg lossis tawg.

III. Cov Qauv Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Zoo Tom Qab Luam Ntawv: Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Cov Khoom Tiav

Tom qab muab luam ntawv luam tawm, cov phaj txuas sab nraud raug kuaj xyuas peb txoj kev zoo: kev kuaj xyuas qhov ntev, kev kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab kev kuaj xyuas qhov tsos. Tsuas yog cov khoom uas ua tau raws li txhua tus qauv thiaj li tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txheej txheem kho cua sov thiab sib dhos tom ntej. Cov qauv tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb yog raws li nram no:

1. Cov Qauv Tshuaj Xyuas Qhov Loj
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ntev siv lub tshuab ntsuas peb-seem (qhov tseeb ≤ 0.001mm) ua ke nrog cov ntsuas tshwj xeeb, tsom mus rau cov qhov ntev tseem ceeb hauv qab no:

Suab: Lub suab ntawm lub phaj txuas sab nraud (qhov deb ntawm ob lub qhov ntsia hlau) yuav tsum muaj qhov kam rau siab ntawm ± 0.02 hli, nrog rau qhov yuam kev ntawm ≤ 0.05 hli rau 10 daim. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub suab ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev co thiab suab nrov thaum lub sijhawm kis cov saw hlau.

Thickness: Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tuab ntawm daim hlau txuas sab nraud yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm IT10 (piv txwv li, rau qhov tuab 3 hli, qhov sib txawv yog +0.12 hli/-0 hli). Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tuab hauv ib pawg yuav tsum yog ≤0.05 hli kom tiv thaiv kev thauj khoom tsis sib xws ntawm cov saw hlau vim qhov tuab tsis sib xws. Kev kam rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov: Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov ntsia hlau thiab qhov ntawm lub menyuam yuav tsum yog ≤0.02 hli, thiab qhov yuam kev ntawm qhov coaxiality yuav tsum yog ≤0.01 hli. Xyuas kom tseeb tias qhov sib txawv nrog tus pin thiab lub menyuam ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm tus qauv tsim (qhov sib txawv feem ntau yog 0.01-0.03 hli).

2. Cov Qauv Ntsuas Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab

Kev kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv kho tshuab yuav tsum tau xaiv 3-5 cov qauv los ntawm txhua pawg khoom rau lub zog tensile, hardness, thiab kev kuaj khoov.

Lub Zog Tensile: Sim siv lub tshuab kuaj khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb, lub zog tensile ntawm lub phaj txuas sab nraud yuav tsum yog ≥600MPa (tom qab kho cua sov ntawm 45 hlau) lossis ≥800MPa (tom qab kho cua sov ntawm 20Mn2). Qhov tawg yuav tsum tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw tsis yog qhov ntawm lub phaj txuas sab nraud. Kev ua tsis tiav ze ntawm qhov qhia txog kev ntxhov siab thaum lub sijhawm xuas nrig, thiab cov txheej txheem pwm yuav tsum tau kho. Kev Ntsuas Qhov Nyuaj: Siv lub tshuab ntsuas qhov nyuaj Rockwell los ntsuas qhov nyuaj ntawm cov phaj txuas sab nraud. Qhov nyuaj yuav tsum tau tswj hwm hauv HRB80-90 (lub xeev annealed) lossis HRC35-40 (lub xeev quenched thiab tempered). Qhov nyuaj siab dhau yuav ua rau cov khoom siv brittleness thiab kev cuam tshuam rau kev tawg; qhov nyuaj qis dhau yuav cuam tshuam rau kev hnav tsis kam.

Kev Ntsuas Khoov: Khoov cov phaj txuas sab nraud 90 ° raws li lawv qhov ntev. Yuav tsum tsis muaj kab nrib pleb lossis tawg tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw tom qab khoov. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tom qab tshem tawm yuav tsum yog ≤5 °. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov phaj txuas sab nraud muaj kev tawv txaus los tiv taus cov khoom cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm kis.

3. Cov Qauv Tshuaj Xyuas Qhov Muag

Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tsos siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas pom thiab kev tshuaj xyuas iav loj (10x magnification). Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb yog raws li nram no:

Qhov Zoo Ntawm Qhov Chaw: Qhov chaw ntawm lub phaj txuas sab nraud yuav tsum du thiab tiaj tus, tsis muaj khawb (qhov tob ≤ 0.02 hli), qhov tsis sib xws, lossis lwm yam tsis zoo. Cov txheej phosphate yuav tsum sib xws thiab tsis muaj cov txheej ploj, daj, lossis tawg. Qhov Zoo Ntawm Qhov Ntug: Cov ntug yuav tsum tsis muaj burrs (qhov siab ≤ 0.03 hli), chipping (qhov loj me ≤ 0.1 hli), tawg, lossis lwm yam tsis zoo. Cov burrs me me yuav tsum tau tshem tawm los ntawm passivation (immersion hauv cov tshuaj passivation rau 5-10 feeb) kom tiv thaiv kev khawb ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj lossis lwm yam khoom thaum lub sijhawm sib dhos.
Qhov Zoo ntawm Phab Ntsa Qhov: Phab ntsa qhov yuav tsum du, tsis muaj cov kauj ruam, khawb, puas, lossis lwm yam tsis zoo. Thaum kuaj xyuas nrog lub ntsuas mus/tsis mus, lub ntsuas mus yuav tsum hla mus zoo, thaum lub ntsuas tsis mus yuav tsum tsis hla mus, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raug.

IV. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem Stamping: Los Ntawm Kev Ua Tus Qauv Mus Rau Kev Txawj Ntse

Nrog rau kev nce qib tas mus li ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom lag luam, cov qauv rau cov txheej txheem stamping sab nraud ntawm cov menyuam kuj tseem raug txhim kho tas mus li. Kev txhim kho yav tom ntej yuav raug tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem ntse, ntsuab, thiab siab. Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yog raws li nram no:

1. Daim Ntawv Thov Cov Khoom Siv Tsim Khoom Txawj Ntse

Kev qhia txog CNC stamping tshuab thiab cov neeg hlau lag luam kom ua tiav kev tswj hwm tsis siv neeg thiab ntse ntawm cov txheej txheem stamping:

Cov tshuab CNC stamping: Nruab nrog lub kaw lus servo siab, lawv ua rau muaj kev hloov kho lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li lub zog stamping thiab qhov ceev stroke, nrog rau kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.001 hli. Lawv kuj muaj peev xwm kuaj xyuas tus kheej, ua rau muaj peev xwm tshawb pom cov teeb meem xws li kev hnav pwm thiab cov khoom tsis zoo, txo cov khoom tsis zoo.

Cov neeg hlau ua lag luam: Siv rau hauv kev thauj khoom siv raw, kev xa cov khoom stamping, thiab kev cais cov khoom tiav, lawv hloov kev ua haujlwm tes. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo (ua rau 24-teev kev tsim khoom txuas ntxiv), tab sis kuj tshem tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tes, kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom zoo sib xws.

2. Kev Txhawb Nqa Cov Txheej Txheem Ntsuab

Txo kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev ua qias tuaj rau ib puag ncig thaum ua tau raws li cov qauv txheej txheem:

Kev siv cov khoom siv pwm kom zoo dua: Siv cov pwm sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov hlau ceev ceev (HSS) thiab cemented carbide (WC) ua rau cov pwm ntev dua (lub neej ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ntev dua 3-5 zaug), txo qhov zaus hloov pwm, thiab txo cov khoom pov tseg.

Kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem ua ntej kho: Kev txhawb nqa cov thev naus laus zis phosphating uas tsis muaj phosphorus thiab siv cov tshuaj phosphating uas zoo rau ib puag ncig txo cov kuab paug phosphorus. Ntxiv mus, kev txau electrostatic ntawm cov roj uas tsis xeb txhim kho kev siv roj uas tsis xeb (tus nqi siv tuaj yeem nce mus txog ntau dua 95%) thiab txo cov pa roj tawm.

3. Txhim Kho Cov Tshuab Tshuaj Xyuas Kom Zoo Dua

Ib lub tshuab kuaj xyuas pom kev tau qhia tawm los ua kom muaj kev kuaj xyuas zoo sai thiab raug ntawm cov phaj txuas sab nraud.

Nruab nrog lub koob yees duab siab (kev daws teeb meem ≥ 20 megapixels) thiab software ua duab, lub tshuab pom kev tshuaj xyuas tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas cov phaj txuas sab nraud tib lub sijhawm rau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev, qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tsos, qhov chaw sib txawv, thiab lwm yam. Lub kaw lus muaj kev ceev tshuaj xyuas ntawm 100 daim ib feeb, ua tiav ntau dua 10 npaug ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas tes. Nws kuj tseem ua rau khaws cia thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag, muab kev txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua kom zoo dua qub.

Xaus Lus: Cov qauv yog txoj sia ntawm qhov zoo, thiab cov ntsiab lus txiav txim siab qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev sib kis.

Cov txheej txheem stamping rau cov hlau txuas sab nraud ntawm cov hlau txuas yuav zoo li yooj yim, tab sis yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv nruj ntawm txhua theem - txij li kev tswj cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv raw, mus rau kev ua kom raug qhov ntev thaum lub sijhawm stamping, mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav. Kev saib xyuas txhua yam me me tuaj yeem ua rau lub phaj txuas sab nraud ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab yog li ntawd, cuam tshuam rau kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev sib kis ntawm tag nrho cov hlau txuas.