Cov Rollers Uas Muaj Kev Ntsuas Kub: Cov Txheej Txheem Kho Kub Rau Cov Saw Nqa
Hauv kev lag luam tshuab nqa, kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov saw hlau muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab cov txheej txheem kho cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov saw hlau nqa, suav nrog lub zog, kev tawv, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev hnav. Raws li "pob txha" ntawm cov saw hlau,cov menyuam ua kom raug, nrog rau cov khoom xws li cov phaj saw hlau thiab cov pins, xav tau kev kho cua sov kom zoo kom tswj tau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv qab cov xwm txheej nyuaj xws li kev nqa hnyav thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau zaus. Tsab xov xwm no yuav muab kev tshuaj xyuas tob txog cov txheej txheem kho cua sov uas siv rau kev nqa cov saw hlau, tshawb nrhiav lawv cov ntsiab cai txheej txheem, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tau zoo, thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau, muab cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam nrog cov ntaub ntawv rau kev xaiv thiab daim ntawv thov.
1. Kev Kho Mob Kub: Tus "Shaper" ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Saw Lifting
Cov saw hlau nqa feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo (xws li 20Mn2, 23MnNiMoCr54, thiab lwm yam), thiab kev kho cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom siv raw no. Cov khoom saw hlau uas tsis tau kho cua sov muaj qhov nyuaj tsawg thiab tsis yooj yim hnav, thiab yooj yim rau kev hloov pauv yas lossis tawg thaum raug kev ntxhov siab. Kev kho cua sov uas tau tsim los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem cua sov, tuav, thiab txias, hloov cov khoom siv sab hauv microstructure, ua tiav "lub zog-toughness sib npaug" - lub zog siab los tiv taus kev ntxhov siab tensile thiab kev cuam tshuam, tseem muaj zog txaus kom tsis txhob tawg, thaum tseem txhim kho qhov hnav ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
Rau cov menyuam uas raug qhov tseeb, kev kho cua sov xav tau qhov tseeb dua: ua cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov saw thiab sprocket, cov menyuam yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub hauv paus ruaj khov. Txwv tsis pub, kev hnav ua ntej thiab tawg yuav tshwm sim, ua rau kev sib kis ruaj khov ntawm tag nrho cov saw puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, kev xaiv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tsim nyog yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev thauj khoom zoo thiab kev pabcuam ntev rau cov saw nqa.
II. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Tsib Txoj Kev Kho Mob Kub Rau Cov Saw Nqa
(I) Kev Tua Hluav Taws Xob Tag Nrho + Kev Kub Siab (Kev Tua Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Kub): Tus "Tus Qauv Kub" rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Yooj Yim
Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb: Cov khoom sib txuas (cov phaj txuas, cov koob, cov menyuam, thiab lwm yam) raug cua sov rau qhov kub siab dua Ac3 (hlau hypoeutectoid) lossis Ac1 (hlau hypereutectoid). Tom qab tuav qhov kub rau ib lub sijhawm kom ua rau cov khoom siv austenitize tag nrho, cov saw hlau raug tua sai sai hauv cov khoom siv txias xws li dej lossis roj kom tau txais cov qauv martensite uas muaj zog tab sis tawg yooj yim. Cov saw hlau tom qab ntawd raug rov ua kom sov rau 500-650 ° C rau kev kub siab, uas ua rau cov martensite puas tsuaj rau hauv cov qauv sorbite sib xws, thaum kawg ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm "lub zog siab + kev tawv siab."
Cov Kev Zoo ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm: Tom qab quenching thiab tempering, cov khoom siv saw hlau ua rau pom cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev, nrog lub zog tensile ntawm 800-1200 MPa thiab lub zog tawm los zoo thiab elongation, muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov khoom thauj dynamic thiab cuam tshuam uas ntsib hauv kev ua haujlwm nqa. Ntxiv mus, qhov sib xws ntawm cov qauv sorbite ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo heev, pab txhawb kev ua tiav tom qab (xws li dov roller).
Daim Ntawv Thov: Siv dav los ua kom zoo dua qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov saw hlau nqa khoom nruab nrab thiab siab (xws li Qib 80 thiab Qib 100 saw hlau), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li cov phaj saw hlau thiab cov koob. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov txheej txheem kho cua sov rau cov saw hlau nqa khoom. (II) Carburizing thiab Quenching + Low-Tempering: Ib qho "Reinforced Shield" rau Surface Wear Resistance
Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb: Cov khoom siv saw hlau (tsom mus rau qhov sib xyaw thiab kev sib txhuam xws li cov menyuam thiab cov koob) raug muab tso rau hauv qhov nruab nrab carburizing (xws li roj av lossis roj kerosene tawg) thiab tuav ntawm 900-950 ° C rau ob peb teev, tso cai rau cov pa roj carbon kom nkag mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom (qhov tob ntawm cov txheej carburized feem ntau yog 0.8-2.0 hli). Qhov no ua raws li quenching (feem ntau siv roj ua qhov nruab nrab txias), uas tsim cov qauv martensite siab ntawm qhov chaw thaum khaws cov qauv pearlite lossis sorbite uas nyuaj hauv lub hauv paus. Thaum kawg, qhov kub qis tempering ntawm 150-200 ° C tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab quenching thiab ruaj khov qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tau zoo: Cov khoom siv tom qab carburizing thiab quenching qhia txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm "nyuaj sab nraud, tawv sab hauv" - qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem ncav cuag HRC58-62, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ntes, zoo tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam thiab hnav thaum lub sijhawm sprocket meshing. Qhov nyuaj ntawm lub hauv paus tseem nyob ntawm HRC30-45, muab kev tawv txaus los tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm cov khoom hauv qab kev cuam tshuam.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov koob uas hnav siab heev hauv cov saw hlau nqa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas raug pib thiab nres ntau zaus thiab muaj cov khoom hnyav (piv txwv li, cov saw hlau rau cov cranes thiab cov hoists hauv av). Piv txwv li, cov menyuam yaus ntawm 120-qib siab nqa cov saw hlau feem ntau yog carburized thiab quenched, txuas ntxiv lawv lub neej kev pabcuam ntau dua 30% piv rau kev kho cua sov ib txwm muaj. (III) Induction Hardening + Low-Tempering: Zoo thiab meej "Local Strengthening"
Lub Ntsiab Cai ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem: Siv lub zog sib nqus sib hloov uas tsim los ntawm lub kauj induction zaus siab lossis nruab nrab zaus, cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv saw hlau (xws li lub cheeb tsam sab nraud ntawm cov menyuam thiab cov qhov chaw pin) raug cua sov hauv zos. Kev cua sov yog sai (feem ntau ob peb vib nas this txog kaum vib nas this), tsuas yog tso cai rau qhov chaw kom sai sai mus txog qhov kub austenitizing, thaum qhov kub ntawm lub hauv paus tseem tsis hloov pauv ntau. Tom qab ntawd dej txias raug txhaj rau kev quenching sai, ua raws li qhov kub qis tempering. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau kev tswj hwm qhov chaw cua sov thiab qhov tob ntawm txheej tawv (feem ntau 0.3-1.5 hli).
Cov Kev Zoo ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm: ① Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo thiab Kev Txuag Hluav Taws Xob: Kev ua kom sov hauv zos zam kev pov tseg hluav taws xob ntawm kev ua kom sov tag nrho, ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntau dua 50% piv rau kev quenching tag nrho. ② Kev Hloov Pauv Qis: Lub sijhawm ua kom sov luv luv txo qhov kev hloov pauv thermal ntawm cov khoom, tshem tawm qhov xav tau kev ncaj ncaj tom qab, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm qhov ntev ntawm cov menyuam dov precision. ③ Kev Ua Haujlwm Tswj Tau: Los ntawm kev kho qhov zaus induction thiab lub sijhawm ua kom sov, qhov tob ntawm txheej tawv thiab kev faib tawm qhov nyuaj tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yooj yim.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Haum rau kev txhawb zog hauv zos ntawm cov menyuam dov precision uas tsim tawm ntau, cov pins luv luv, thiab lwm yam khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov saw hlau uas xav tau qhov tseeb siab (xws li cov saw hlau kis tau zoo). Kev ua kom tawv induction kuj tseem siv tau rau kev kho thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm cov saw hlau, rov ua kom cov nplaim hnav muaj zog dua.
(IV) Kev Kub Siab: "Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Cuam Tshuam" Muab Qhov Tseem Ceeb Rau Kev Ruaj Ntseg
Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb: Tom qab ua kom cov saw hlau kub mus txog qhov kub austenitizing, nws raug muab tso rau hauv lub dab dej ntsev lossis alkaline me ntsis saum toj ntawm M s point (qhov kub pib hloov pauv martensitic). Lub dab dej raug tuav rau ib lub sijhawm kom tso cai rau austenite hloov pauv mus ua bainite, ua raws li cua txias. Bainite, ib qho qauv nruab nrab ntawm martensite thiab pearlite, ua ke lub zog siab nrog kev tawv zoo heev.
Cov Kev Zoo ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm: Cov khoom siv Austempered qhia tau tias muaj zog dua li cov khoom siv quenched thiab tempered, ua tiav lub zog nqus ntawm 60-100 J, muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov khoom hnyav yam tsis muaj kev tawg. Ntxiv mus, qhov nyuaj tuaj yeem ncav cuag HRC 40-50, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj zog rau cov ntawv thov nqa khoom nruab nrab thiab hnyav, thaum txo qis kev cuam tshuam quenching thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Cov Ntawv Thov Siv Tau: Feem ntau siv rau kev nqa cov khoom siv saw hlau uas muaj kev cuam tshuam hnyav, xws li cov uas feem ntau siv los nqa cov khoom tsis sib xws hauv kev lag luam mining thiab kev tsim kho, lossis rau kev nqa cov saw hlau siv hauv qhov chaw kub qis (xws li kev khaws cia txias thiab kev ua haujlwm polar). Bainite muaj kev tawv thiab kev ruaj khov zoo dua rau martensite ntawm qhov kub qis, txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov kub qis brittle tawg.
(V) Nitriding: Ib qho "Txheej Txheem Ntev" rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Xeb thiab Kev Hnav
Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb: Cov khoom siv saw hlau raug muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv uas muaj nitrogen, xws li ammonia, ntawm 500-580 ° C rau 10-50 teev. Qhov no tso cai rau cov nitrogen atoms nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, tsim cov txheej nitride (feem ntau yog Fe₄N thiab Fe₂N). Nitriding tsis tas yuav tsum tau quenching tom qab thiab yog "kev kho cua sov tshuaj qis-kub" nrog qhov cuam tshuam tsawg kawg nkaus rau kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm cov khoom. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tau zoo: ① Qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw siab (HV800-1200) muab kev tiv thaiv kev hnav zoo dua piv rau cov hlau carburized thiab quenched, thaum tseem muab cov coefficient sib txhuam qis, txo qhov poob zog thaum lub sijhawm meshing. ② Cov txheej nitrided ntom ntom muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm xeb hauv cov chaw noo noo thiab plua plav. ③ Qhov kub ua haujlwm qis txo qis qhov deformation ntawm cov khoom, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov menyuam ua ntej lossis cov saw hlau me me sib dhos.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Haum rau kev nqa cov saw hlau uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab kev xeb, xws li cov uas siv hauv kev lag luam ua zaub mov (chaw huv) thiab kev tsim kho hauv dej hiav txwv (chaw uas muaj ntsev ntau), lossis rau cov khoom siv nqa me me uas xav tau cov saw hlau "tsis tas yuav saib xyuas".
III. Kev Xaiv Cov Txheej Txheem Kho Kub: Kev Sib phim Cov Xwm Txheej Ua Haujlwm yog Qhov Tseem Ceeb
Thaum xaiv txoj kev kho cua sov rau cov saw hlau nqa, xav txog peb yam tseem ceeb: qhov ntsuas qhov hnyav, qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Tsis txhob nrhiav kev ua kom muaj zog lossis txuag nyiaj ntau dhau:
Xaiv los ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov hnyav: Cov saw hlau uas muaj qhov hnyav sib dua (≤ Qib 50) tuaj yeem raug quenching thiab tempering tag nrho. Cov saw hlau uas muaj qhov hnyav nruab nrab thiab hnyav (80-100) xav tau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm carburizing thiab quenching los txhawb kom cov khoom tsis muaj zog. Cov saw hlau uas muaj qhov hnyav (saum toj no Qib 120) xav tau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev quenching thiab tempering, lossis induction hardening los xyuas kom meej.
Xaiv los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm: Nitriding yog qhov zoo dua rau cov chaw noo thiab corrosive; austempering yog qhov zoo dua rau cov ntawv thov nrog cov khoom siv cuam tshuam siab. Cov ntawv thov meshing nquag ua qhov tseem ceeb carburizing lossis induction hardening ntawm cov menyuam. Xaiv cov khoom raws li lawv txoj haujlwm: Cov phaj saw thiab cov pins ua qhov tseem ceeb rau lub zog thiab kev tawv, ua qhov tseem ceeb rau quenching thiab tempering. Cov menyuam ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hnav tsis kam thiab kev tawv, ua qhov tseem ceeb rau carburizing lossis induction hardening. Cov khoom pabcuam xws li bushings tuaj yeem siv cov nqi qis, kev sib xyaw ua ke quenching thiab tempering.
IV. Xaus Lus: Kev Kho Mob Kub yog "Kab Tiv Thaiv Tsis Pom" rau Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm Cov Hlau
Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov rau kev nqa cov saw hlau tsis yog ib txoj kev siv xwb; es, nws yog ib txoj hauv kev uas sib xyaw cov khoom siv, cov haujlwm ntawm cov khoom, thiab cov kev xav tau ua haujlwm. Txij li kev ua kom cov hlau nplaum thiab kev ua kom cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov mus rau kev ua kom cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab kub, kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb hauv txhua txoj kev txiav txim siab ncaj qha rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov saw hlau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nqa. Yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev siv dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv kho cua sov ntse (xws li cov kab ua kom cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab cov txheej txheem kuaj xyuas qhov nyuaj online), kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov saw hlau nqa yuav raug txhim kho ntxiv, muab kev lees paub zoo dua rau kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-01-2025