Kev Taw Qhia Txog Cov Txheej Txheem Kho Kub Rau Cov Chains Roller

Kev Taw Qhia Txog Cov Txheej Txheem Kho Kub Rau Cov Chains Roller
Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov saw hlau, cov txheej txheem kho cua sov yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb los txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo. Los ntawm kev kho cua sov, lub zog, qhov nyuaj, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab kev tawv ntawm cov saw hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo heev, yog li ua rau lawv lub neej ntev dua thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv hauv ntau yam kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws txog ntau cov txheej txheem kho cua sov rau cov saw hlau:

I. Kev ua kom sov thiab ua kom sov
(Kuv) Kev Tua Hluav Taws
Kev ua kom kub yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom cov saw hlau kub mus rau qee qhov kub (feem ntau siab dua Ac3 lossis Ac1), ua kom nws sov rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd txias nws sai sai. Nws lub hom phiaj yog ua kom cov saw hlau tau txais qhov nyuaj siab thiab muaj zog martensitic qauv. Cov khoom siv quenching feem ntau suav nrog dej, roj thiab dej ntsev. Dej muaj qhov ceev txias sai thiab haum rau cov saw hlau nrog cov duab yooj yim thiab qhov loj me; roj muaj qhov ceev txias qeeb thiab haum rau cov saw hlau nrog cov duab nyuaj thiab qhov loj me.
(II) Kev Ua Kub
Kev kho kom sov yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm kev rov ua kom sov cov saw hlau uas tau quenched mus rau qee qhov kub (feem ntau qis dua Ac1), ua kom nws sov, thiab tom qab ntawd txias nws. Nws lub hom phiaj yog kom tshem tawm qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm quenching, kho qhov nyuaj, thiab txhim kho qhov tawv. Raws li qhov kub tempering, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua qhov kub qis tempering (150 ℃ -250 ℃), qhov kub nruab nrab tempering (350 ℃ -500 ℃) thiab qhov kub siab tempering (500 ℃ -650 ℃). Qhov kub qis tempering tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv martensite tempered nrog qhov nyuaj siab thiab tawv zoo; qhov kub nruab nrab tempering tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv troostite tempered nrog lub zog siab thiab cov yas zoo thiab tawv; qhov kub siab tempering tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv troostite tempered nrog cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo.

2. Cov txheej txheem carburizing
Carburizing yog ua kom cov pa roj carbon nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau los tsim cov txheej txheem carburized siab, yog li txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev tiv thaiv hnav, thaum lub hauv paus tseem khaws cov tawv ntawm cov hlau carbon qis. Cov txheej txheem carburizing suav nrog cov khoom carburizing, roj carburizing thiab kua carburizing. Ntawm lawv, roj carburizing yog qhov siv dav tshaj plaws. Los ntawm kev tso cov saw hlau rau hauv huab cua carburizing, cov pa roj carbon atoms raug nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qee qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm. Tom qab carburizing, quenching thiab qis-kub tempering feem ntau yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev tiv thaiv hnav.

3. Cov txheej txheem nitriding
Nitriding yog kom nkag mus rau hauv cov nitrogen atoms rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau los tsim cov nitrides, yog li txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog. Cov txheej txheem nitriding suav nrog roj nitriding, ion nitriding thiab kua nitriding. Gas nitriding yog muab cov saw hlau rau hauv huab cua uas muaj nitrogen, thiab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab sijhawm, cia cov nitrogen atoms nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov saw hlau tom qab nitriding muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw siab, hnav tsis kam zoo, thiab deformation me me, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov saw hlau nrog cov duab nyuaj.

4. Cov txheej txheem carbonitriding
Carbonitriding yog kom cov pa roj carbon thiab nitrogen nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau tib lub sijhawm los tsim cov carbonitrides, yog li txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab lub zog qaug zog. Cov txheej txheem carbonitriding suav nrog roj carbonitriding thiab kua carbonitriding. Gas carbonitriding yog muab cov saw hlau rau hauv huab cua uas muaj carbon thiab nitrogen, thiab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab sijhawm, cia cov pa roj carbon thiab nitrogen nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw tib lub sijhawm. Cov saw hlau tom qab carbonitriding muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw siab, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo tiv thaiv kev tom.

5. Cov txheej txheem annealing
Kev ua kom kub yog ib qho txheej txheem uas cov saw hlau raug cua sov rau qee qhov kub (feem ntau yog 30-50 ℃ siab dua Ac3), khaws cia kom sov rau ib lub sijhawm, maj mam txias rau qis dua 500 ℃ nrog lub cub tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd txias hauv huab cua. Nws lub hom phiaj yog kom txo qhov nyuaj, txhim kho plasticity thiab toughness, thiab pab txhawb kev ua thiab kev kho cua sov tom qab. Cov saw hlau tom qab annealing muaj cov qauv sib npaug thiab qhov nyuaj nruab nrab, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm txiav.

6. Kev ua kom cov txheej txheem zoo li qub
Kev ua kom zoo li qub yog ib qho txheej txheem uas cov saw hlau raug cua sov rau qee qhov kub (feem ntau siab dua Ac3 lossis Acm), khaws cia kom sov, coj tawm ntawm lub cub tawg thiab txias hauv huab cua. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los ua kom cov noob zoo nkauj, ua kom cov qauv sib xws, txhim kho qhov nyuaj thiab lub zog, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm txiav. Cov saw hlau tom qab ua kom zoo li qub muaj cov qauv sib xws thiab qhov nyuaj nruab nrab, uas tuaj yeem siv ua kev kho cua sov kawg lossis ua kev kho cua sov ua ntej.

7. Kev kho mob laus
Kev kho kom laus yog ib qho txheej txheem uas cov saw hlau raug cua sov rau qee qhov kub thiab txias, khaws cia kom sov rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd txias. Nws lub hom phiaj yog kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab seem, tswj qhov loj me, thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab qhov tawv. Kev kho kom laus muab faib ua kev laus ntuj thiab kev laus dag. Kev laus ntuj yog muab cov saw hlau tso rau hauv chav sov lossis tej yam ntuj tso rau lub sijhawm ntev kom maj mam tshem tawm nws cov kev ntxhov siab seem; kev laus dag yog kom cua sov cov saw hlau mus rau qhov kub siab dua thiab ua kev kho kom laus hauv lub sijhawm luv dua.

8. Cov txheej txheem quenching nto
Kev quenching ntawm qhov chaw yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom sov qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau mus rau qee qhov kub thiab txias nws sai sai. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev tiv thaiv kev hnav, thaum lub hauv paus tseem khaws cia qhov tawv zoo. Cov txheej txheem quenching ntawm qhov chaw suav nrog kev ua kom sov ntawm qhov chaw induction, kev ua kom sov ntawm qhov chaw nplaim taws, thiab kev ua kom sov ntawm qhov chaw hluav taws xob. Kev ua kom sov ntawm qhov chaw induction siv cov cua sov tsim los ntawm cov hluav taws xob induction los ua kom sov ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua kom sov sai, zoo quenching, thiab me me deformation.

9. Cov txheej txheem ua kom lub ntsej muag muaj zog
Cov txheej txheem ua kom lub ntsej muag muaj zog yog los tsim ib txheej txheej uas muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau los ntawm kev siv lub cev lossis tshuaj, ua li no thiaj li txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm qhov chaw, tiv taus kev hnav thiab lub zog qaug zog. Cov txheej txheem ua kom lub ntsej muag muaj zog feem ntau suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj peening, kev txhawb zog dov, kev txhawb zog hlau nkag mus, thiab lwm yam. Kev txhaj tshuaj peening yog siv kev txhaj tshuaj ceev ceev los cuam tshuam rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau, kom cov kev ntxhov siab seem tshuav tsim tawm ntawm qhov chaw, ua li no thiaj li txhim kho lub zog qaug zog; kev txhawb zog dov yog siv cov cuab yeej dov los dov qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau, kom qhov chaw tsim cov yas deformation, ua li no thiaj li txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm qhov chaw thiab tiv taus kev hnav.

10. Cov txheej txheem tho txawv
Boriding yog kom nkag mus rau hauv cov boron atoms rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau los tsim cov borides, yog li txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev tiv thaiv hnav. Cov txheej txheem Boriding suav nrog roj boriding thiab kua boriding. Gas boriding yog kom muab cov saw hlau rau hauv huab cua uas muaj boron, thiab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab sijhawm, cia cov boron atoms nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov saw hlau tom qab boriding muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw siab, kev tiv thaiv hnav zoo, thiab kev ua tau zoo tiv thaiv kev tom.

11. Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov sib xyaw ua ke theem ob
Kev kho cua sov sib xyaw ua ke yog ib qho txheej txheem kho cua sov siab heev, uas ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau zoo dua los ntawm ob txoj kev quenching thiab tempering. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
(I) Thawj zaug quenching
Cov saw hlau dov tau raug cua sov rau qhov kub siab dua (feem ntau siab dua li qhov kub quenching ib txwm muaj) kom ua rau nws cov qauv sab hauv austenitize tag nrho, thiab tom qab ntawd txias sai sai los ua cov qauv martensitic. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog los txhim kho qhov nyuaj thiab lub zog ntawm cov saw hlau dov.
(II) Thawj qhov kev kub ntxhov
Tom qab thawj zaug quenching, cov saw hlau yuav raug cua sov rau qhov kub nruab nrab (feem ntau ntawm 300 ℃ - 500 ℃), khaws cia kom sov rau ib lub sijhawm thiab tom qab ntawd txias. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem quenching, thaum kho qhov nyuaj thiab txhim kho qhov tawv.
(III) Kev tua hluav taws thib ob
Tom qab thawj zaug tempering, cov saw hlau yuav raug cua sov dua kom kub dua, tab sis qis dua qhov kub quenching thawj zaug me ntsis, thiab tom qab ntawd txias sai sai. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog los txhim kho cov qauv martensitic thiab txhim kho qhov nyuaj thiab kev hnav tsis kam ntawm cov saw hlau.
(IV) Kev ua kom sov thib ob
Tom qab quenching zaum ob, cov saw hlau yuav raug cua sov kom qis dua (feem ntau ntawm 150 ℃ -250 ℃), khaws cia kom sov rau ib lub sijhawm thiab tom qab ntawd txias. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog kom tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, ua kom qhov loj me ruaj khov, thiab tswj tau qhov nyuaj thiab hnav tsis kam.

12. Cov txheej txheem ua kua dej
Kev siv cov kua carburizing yog ib qho txheej txheem carburizing tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau cov pa roj carbon kom nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm kev muab cov saw hlau rau hauv cov kua carburizing nruab nrab. Cov txheej txheem no muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ceev ceev carburizing, txheej carburizing sib xws, thiab kev tswj hwm zoo. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov saw hlau nrog cov duab nyuaj thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raug. Tom qab ua kua carburizing, quenching thiab tempering qis-kub feem ntau yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev tiv thaiv hnav.

13. Cov txheej txheem ua kom tawv
Kev ua kom tawv yog hais txog kev txhim kho qhov tawv thiab kev tiv thaiv kev hnav los ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov saw hlau. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb yog raws li nram no:
(I) Kev Ua Kub
Cov saw hlau raug cua sov rau qhov kub thiab txias kom yaj thiab nthuav cov ntsiab lus xws li carbon thiab nitrogen hauv cov saw hlau.
(ii) Kev rwb thaiv tsev
Tom qab ncav cuag qhov kub thiab txias, khaws lub sijhawm rwb thaiv tsev kom cov ntsiab lus sib kis tau zoo thiab tsim cov tshuaj khov kho.
(iii) Kev txias
Sai sai txias cov saw hlau, cov kua khov kho yuav tsim cov qauv zoo, txhim kho qhov nyuaj thiab hnav tsis kam.

14. Cov Txheej Txheem Hlau Nkag Mus
Cov txheej txheem hlau nkag mus rau hauv yog kom nkag mus rau hauv cov hlau rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau los tsim cov hlau sib xyaw, yog li txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab hnav tsis kam. Cov txheej txheem hlau nkag mus rau hauv feem ntau suav nrog chromization thiab vanadium infiltration. Cov txheej txheem chromization yog muab cov saw hlau rau hauv huab cua uas muaj chromium, thiab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab sijhawm, chromium atoms nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw los tsim cov chromium sib xyaw, yog li txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab hnav tsis kam.

15. Txheej Txheem Aluminization
Cov txheej txheem aluminization yog kom nkag mus rau hauv cov txhuas atoms rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau los tsim cov txhuas sib xyaw, yog li txhim kho qhov tsis kam oxidation thiab corrosion ntawm qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem aluminization suav nrog roj aluminization thiab kua aluminization. Gas aluminization yog muab cov saw hlau rau hauv huab cua uas muaj txhuas, thiab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab sijhawm, cov txhuas atoms nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau tom qab txhuas nkag mus muaj kev tiv thaiv oxidation zoo thiab corrosion, thiab tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv qhov kub thiab txias thiab corrosive ib puag ncig.

16. Cov txheej txheem infiltration tooj liab
Cov txheej txheem infiltration tooj liab yog kom nkag mus rau hauv cov tooj liab atoms rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau los tsim cov sib xyaw tooj liab, yog li txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev tom. Cov txheej txheem infiltration tooj liab suav nrog cov pa roj tooj liab infiltration thiab kua tooj liab infiltration. Gas tooj liab infiltration yog muab cov saw hlau rau hauv huab cua uas muaj tooj liab, thiab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab sijhawm, cov tooj liab atoms raug infiltrated rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau tom qab tooj liab infiltration muaj kev tiv thaiv kev hnav tsis kam zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev tom, thiab nws tsim nyog rau kev siv nyob rau hauv qhov ceev ceev thiab hnyav-load mob.

17. Cov txheej txheem titanium infiltration
Cov txheej txheem titanium infiltration yog kom nkag mus rau hauv titanium atoms rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau los tsim cov titanium compounds, yog li txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab hnav tsis kam. Cov txheej txheem titanium infiltration suav nrog roj titanium infiltration thiab kua titanium infiltration. Gas titanium infiltration yog muab cov saw hlau rau hauv huab cua uas muaj titanium, thiab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab sijhawm, titanium atoms raug nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau tom qab titanium infiltration muaj qhov nyuaj zoo thiab hnav tsis kam, thiab tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm nrog qhov nyuaj siab thiab qhov xav tau hnav tsis kam siab.

18. Cov txheej txheem cobalt
Cov txheej txheem cobalting yog kom nkag mus rau hauv cov cobalt atoms rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau los tsim cov cobalt sib xyaw, yog li txhim kho qhov nyuaj thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem cobalting suav nrog roj cobalting thiab kua cobalting. Gas cobalting yog muab cov saw hlau rau hauv huab cua uas muaj cobalt, thiab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab sijhawm, cov cobalt atoms raug nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov saw hlau tom qab cobalting muaj qhov nyuaj thiab hnav tsis kam zoo, thiab tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm nrog qhov nyuaj siab thiab qhov xav tau hnav tsis kam siab.

19. Cov txheej txheem zirconization
Cov txheej txheem zirconization yog kom nkag mus rau hauv zirconium atoms rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau los tsim cov zirconium compounds, yog li txhim kho qhov nyuaj thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem zirconization suav nrog roj zirconization thiab kua zirconization. Roj zirconization yog muab cov saw hlau rau hauv huab cua uas muaj zirconium, thiab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab sijhawm, zirconium atoms raug nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov saw hlau tom qab zirconization muaj qhov nyuaj zoo thiab hnav tsis kam, thiab tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm nrog qhov nyuaj siab thiab qhov xav tau hnav tsis kam siab.

20. Cov txheej txheem infiltration molybdenum
Cov txheej txheem molybdenum infiltration yog kom nkag mus rau hauv cov molybdenum atoms rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau los tsim cov tshuaj molybdenum, yog li txhim kho qhov nyuaj thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem molybdenum infiltration suav nrog cov roj molybdenum infiltration thiab cov kua molybdenum infiltration. Cov roj molybdenum infiltration yog tso cov saw hlau rau hauv huab cua uas muaj molybdenum, thiab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab sijhawm, cia cov molybdenum atoms nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau tom qab molybdenum infiltration muaj qhov nyuaj zoo thiab hnav tsis kam, thiab tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm uas xav tau qhov nyuaj siab thiab hnav tsis kam siab.