Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej rau qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam cov saw hlau

Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej rau qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam cov saw hlau

Kev Taw Qhia
Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb uas siv dav hauv kev sib kis tshuab, qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam ntawm cov saw hlau yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawmcov saw hlauRaws li ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem vuam, qhov kub ua ntej cua sov muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam cov saw hlau. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tshawb nrhiav ntau yam cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub ua ntej cua sov rau qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam cov saw hlau kom pab cov nyeem ntawv nkag siab zoo dua qhov tseem ceeb no.

1. Cov ntsiab cai yooj yim ntawm kev vuam cov saw hlau
Kev vuam cov saw hlau yog kev txuas ntau yam khoom ntawm cov saw hlau (xws li cov phaj saw hlau sab hauv, cov phaj saw hlau sab nraud, tes tsho, koob, thiab lwm yam) los ua ib qho qauv saw hlau tiav. Thaum lub sijhawm vuam, qhov vuam yuav tsum tau cua sov rau qee qhov kub kom yaj thiab sib xyaw ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm vuam yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab qhov kub ua ntej ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem no.

2. Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej rau qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau txuas hlau
Kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv vuam
Txo qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv: Thaum vuam cov hlau dov, kev ua kom sov ua ntej kom zoo yuav txo qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov khoom siv uas muaj qhov nyuaj siab yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab loj thaum vuam, ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li tawg hauv qhov vuam thiab thaj chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov. Los ntawm kev ua kom sov ua ntej, cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov khoom siv hloov pauv thiab qhov nyuaj raug txo qis, yog li txhim kho qhov plasticity thiab toughness ntawm cov khoom siv, uas yog qhov zoo rau cov txheej txheem vuam thiab txo qhov tsim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb.
Tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab thiab kev hloov pauv: Kev ua kom sov ua ntej tuaj yeem txo qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm thaj chaw vuam thiab cov khoom siv hauv paus, txo qhov hloov pauv thiab kev ntxhov siab seem los ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab kev cog lus thermal. Rau cov saw hlau siab precision, kev txo qhov hloov pauv vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev thiab kev ua haujlwm kis ntawm cov saw hlau.
Kev cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem vuam
Ua kom vuam ceev dua: Kev ua kom sov ua ntej tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kub ntawm qhov vuam thiab txo qhov poob cua sov thaum vuam, yog li ua rau siv tau qhov vuam ceev dua. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom.
Txo qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev vuam: Kev ua kom sov ua ntej yuav ua rau cov dej noo ntawm qhov chaw vuam thiab txo qhov kev nkag ntawm hydrogen thaum lub sijhawm vuam. Hydrogen yog ib qho ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li qhov vuam porosity, hydrogen embrittlement thiab tawg. Los ntawm kev ua kom sov ua ntej, cov ntsiab lus hydrogen hauv qhov vuam tuaj yeem txo qis, kev tsim cov qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev vuam xws li porosity thiab tawg tuaj yeem txo qis, thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam tuaj yeem txhim kho.
Kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm vuam
Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob qij txha vuam: Kev ua kom sov ua ntej kom zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov plasticity thiab toughness ntawm cov pob qij txha vuam, ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob qij txha vuam ze rau ntawm cov khoom siv niam txiv. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho lub peev xwm thauj khoom thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau.
Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kab nrib pleb txias thaum vuam: Kev ua kom sov ua ntej yuav txo tau qhov txias ntawm cov pob qij txha vuam, txo qhov nyiam tawv, thiab yog li ntawd txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab nrib pleb txias. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua kom sov ua ntej yog qhov pom tseeb tshwj xeeb thaum vuam cov hlau muaj zog siab lossis cov saw hlau tuab.

3. Kev xaiv qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej
Xaiv qhov kub ua ntej raws li cov khoom siv
Cov hlau uas tsis muaj carbon ntau: Cov hlau uas tsis muaj carbon ntau muaj qhov nyuaj me ntsis. Feem ntau, thaum lub vuam tuab tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 10 hli, qhov kub ua ntej yuav kub li ntawm 100 ℃; thaum lub vuam tuab ntau dua 10 hli, qhov kub ua ntej yuav kub li ntawm 150 ℃.
Cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau sib xyaw: Qhov kub ua ntej cua sov ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau sib xyaw yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab kom meej raws li cov yam ntxwv xws li cov khoom sib xyaw, tuab thiab cov txheej txheem vuam ntawm cov khoom siv. Feem ntau, qhov kub ua ntej cua sov yog nruab nrab ntawm 100 ℃ -300 ℃, thiab qhov kub tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov pa roj carbon sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov lus qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam.
Cov hlau tsis xeb: Cov hlau tsis xeb muaj cov thermal conductivity qis thiab yooj yim rau kev ntxhov siab thermal thiab deformation thaum lub sijhawm vuam. Yog li ntawd, qhov kub ua ntej cua sov feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 100 ℃ -200 ℃, thiab qhov kub tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qib khoom, tuab thiab txheej txheem vuam.
Xaiv qhov kub ua ntej raws li cov txheej txheem vuam
Kev siv tes arc vuam: Qhov kub ua ntej ntawm kev siv tes arc vuam feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 100 ℃ -300 ℃, thiab qhov kub tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov txheej txheem vuam.
Submerged arc tsis siv neeg vuam: Qhov kub ua ntej ntawm submerged arc tsis siv neeg vuam feem ntau yog ntawm 100 ℃ -200 ℃, thiab qhov kub tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov txheej txheem vuam cov lus qhia.
Kev vuam siv roj tiv thaiv: Qhov kub ua ntej ntawm kev vuam siv roj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 50 ℃ -150 ℃, thiab qhov kub tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov txheej txheem vuam cov lus qhia.
Xaiv qhov kub ua ntej raws li qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig
Thaum qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab 0 ℃, qhov kub ua ntej yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv kom haum. Feem ntau, qhov kub ua ntej yuav tsum siab dua qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig 30 ℃ -50 ℃.
Thaum qhov kub thiab txias siab dua 0 ℃, qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej yuav raug kho kom haum raws li cov ntaub ntawv vuam thiab cov txheej txheem vuam.

4. Lub tshuab cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej rau qhov zoo ntawm cov saw hlau
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm hydrogen embrittlement thiab cold cracks
Qhov hydrogen embrittlement yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm cov hydrogen atoms rau hauv cov hlau thaum lub sijhawm vuam, uas ua rau cov hlau embrittlement nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab. Kev ua kom sov ua ntej tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm qhov txias ntawm qhov vuam, ntev lub sijhawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm qhov kub siab dua, thiab muab sijhawm txaus rau cov hydrogen atoms kom dim ntawm qhov vuam, yog li txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hydrogen embrittlement.
Feem ntau cov kab nrib pleb txias tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm lossis tom qab lub qhov vuam txias. Nws yog vim qhov txias ntawm lub qhov vuam, uas ua rau lub qhov vuam tawv thiab txo qhov tawv ntawm lub qhov vuam, yog li ua rau muaj kab nrib pleb. Kev ua kom sov ua ntej tuaj yeem txo qhov txias ntawm lub qhov vuam thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb txias.
Kev txhim kho cov khoom siv
Kev ua kom sov ua ntej yuav ua rau cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv vuam sib npaug zoo dua thiab txo qhov sib cais. Qhov no pab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke thiab ua kom nws ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov saw hlau.
Kev ua kom sov ua ntej tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov qauv me me ntawm cov khoom siv, ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev hloov pauv yas thaum lub sijhawm vuam, yog li txhim kho lub zog thiab kev tawv ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke.

5. Kev ntsuas thiab kev tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej
Txoj kev ntsuas
Kev ntsuas kub ntawm Thermocouple: Thermocouple yog ib qho cuab yeej ntsuas kub uas siv ntau nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tseeb siab, teb sai thiab siv tau yooj yim. Hauv kev vuam cov saw hlau, lub thermocouple tuaj yeem txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam lossis ntxig rau hauv qhov vuam, thiab qhov kub ua ntej cua sov tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub thermocouple.
Kev ntsuas kub ntawm lub ntsuas kub infrared: Lub ntsuas kub infrared yog lub cuab yeej ntsuas kub uas tsis sib cuag nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyab xeeb, ceev thiab yooj yim. Nws tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw vuam ntawm qhov deb ntev thiab tsim nyog rau qhov kub siab, txaus ntshai lossis nyuaj rau nkag mus rau qhov chaw vuam.
Txoj kev tswj
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv cua sov: Kev xaiv cov khoom siv cua sov zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj qhov kub ua ntej cua sov. Cov khoom siv cua sov feem ntau suav nrog lub cub tawg cua sov, cov khoom siv cua sov induction, cov khoom siv cua sov nplaim taws, thiab lwm yam. Hauv kev vuam cov saw hlau, cov khoom siv cua sov zoo yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li cov khoom siv vuam, cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov kev xav tau ntau lawm.
Kev Tswj Lub Sijhawm Ua Kub: Lub sijhawm ua kub yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kub ua ntej ua kom sov. Feem ntau, lub sijhawm ua kub ntev npaum li cas, qhov kub ua ntej ua kom sov siab dua. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, lub sijhawm ua kub tsim nyog yuav tsum txiav txim siab raws li kev txiav txim siab dav dav ntawm cov yam xws li cov ntaub ntawv vuam, cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov khoom siv ua kom sov.
Kev saib xyuas qhov kub thiab kev tswj cov lus teb: Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom sov, qhov kub ntawm qhov vuam yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag, thiab kev tswj cov lus teb yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub. Qhov kub ntawm qhov vuam tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm thermocouples, infrared thermometers thiab lwm yam khoom siv, thiab tom qab ntawd lub teeb liab kub raug pub rov qab rau lub kaw lus tswj hwm ntawm cov khoom siv cua sov kom kho lub zog cua sov kom qhov kub ntawm qhov vuam ib txwm khaws cia rau hauv qhov ntau.

6. Cov ntaub ntawv siv tau
Kev xyaum ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim cov saw hlau
Thaum lub tuam txhab tsim cov saw hlau uas muaj zog heev, pom tias feem ntau muaj kab nrib pleb thaum lub sijhawm vuam, cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas, pom tias qhov kub thiab txias tsis txaus yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kab nrib pleb. Yog li ntawd, lub tuam txhab tau txhim kho cov txheej txheem ua ntej, nce qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej los ntawm 100 ℃ thawj zaug mus rau 150 ℃, thiab ua kom lub sijhawm ua kom sov thiab txoj kev ua kom sov zoo dua. Tom qab kev txhim kho, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb vuam tau txo qis heev, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tau zoo dua.
Kev sib piv ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam ntawm ntau qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej
Hauv kev sim, qhov kub sib txawv ua ntej tau siv los vuam cov saw hlau tib yam, thiab qhov zoo tom qab vuam tau raug sim. Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau tias thaum qhov kub ua ntej yog 150 ℃, lub zog thiab kev tawv ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke vuam zoo dua li thaum qhov kub ua ntej yog 100 ℃ thiab 200 ℃. Qhov no qhia tau tias qhov kub ua ntej tsim nyog tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam, thaum qhov kub ua ntej qis dhau lossis siab dhau yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam.

7. Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej rau qhov zoo ntawm cov saw hlau
Kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab
Nrog rau kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, cov khoom siv tshiab ntawm cov saw hlau tau tshwm sim tas li. Yav tom ntej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kev tshawb fawb tob txog kev ua haujlwm vuam ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab no ntawm ntau qhov kub ua ntej kom txiav txim siab qhov kub ua ntej zoo tshaj plaws thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam.
Kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam
Kev nce qib tas mus li ntawm cov thev naus laus zis vuam kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv qhov kub ua ntej. Piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem vuam tshiab xws li laser vuam thiab electron beam vuam tau siv ntau dua hauv kev tsim cov saw hlau. Yav tom ntej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kawm txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab no thiab qhov kub ua ntej thiab tshawb nrhiav cov txheej txheem vuam zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev tsim kho lub kaw lus tswj kev ua kom sov ua ntej
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom ntse, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lub kaw lus tswj kev ua ntej cua sov ntse. Lub kaw lus no tuaj yeem kho qhov kub ua ntej cua sov raws li cov yam ntxwv xws li cov ntaub ntawv vuam, cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig, ua tiav kev tswj hwm meej, thiab txhim kho kev ruaj khov thiab kev sib xws ntawm qhov zoo ntawm vuam.

Xaus lus
Qhov kub ua ntej cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam cov saw hlau thiab muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam. Qhov kub ua ntej cua sov tsim nyog tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv vuam, ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem vuam, txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob qij txha vuam, thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev vuam. Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, qhov kub ua ntej cua sov yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li cov yam ntxwv xws li cov khoom siv, cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig ntawm cov saw hlau, thiab yuav tsum siv cov thev naus laus zis ntsuas thiab tswj hwm siab heev kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tseeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub ua ntej cua sov. Tib lub sijhawm, nrog rau kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov thev naus laus zis vuam, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kawm ntxiv txog cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub ua ntej cua sov rau qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam ntawm cov saw hlau yav tom ntej, yog li muab kev txhawb nqa kev txawj ntse ntau dua rau kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev vuam thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau.