Kev piav qhia ntxaws txog cov txheej txheem kho cua sov ntawm cov saw hlau: cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo

Kev piav qhia ntxaws txog cov txheej txheem kho cua sov ntawm cov saw hlau: cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo

Kev Taw Qhia
Raws li ib qho khoom siv kho tshuab uas siv dav hauv kev sib kis thiab kev xa khoom hauv kev lag luam, kev ua tau zoo thiab lub neej ntawmcov saw hlauyog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau. Los ntawm kev hloov pauv microstructure ntawm cov khoom siv, lub zog, qhov nyuaj, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab lub neej qaug zog ntawm cov saw hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo heev.

1. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov saw hlau
Kev kho cua sov yog ib txoj kev ua haujlwm uas hloov cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov khoom siv hlau los ntawm kev ua kom sov, rwb thaiv tsev thiab txias kom tau txais kev ua tau zoo raws li qhov xav tau. Rau cov saw hlau, kev kho cua sov tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab xwb, tab sis kuj txhim kho lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab kev qaug zog, yog li lawv tuaj yeem hloov kho rau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm nyuaj.

2. Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov uas siv ntau rau cov saw hlau
(I) Kev ua kom sov thiab tempering
Cov txheej txheem quenching
Kev Ua Kub: Ua kom cov saw hlau kub kom sov rau qhov kub uas tsim nyog, feem ntau siab dua Ac3 lossis Ac1. Kev xaiv qhov kub ntawm kev ua kub nyob ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov saw hlau thiab cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo uas xav tau.
Kev rwb thaiv tsev: Tom qab ncav cuag qhov kub quenching, tswj lub sijhawm rwb thaiv tsev kom ua rau qhov kub sab hauv ntawm cov saw hlau sib xws.
Kev Tua Hluav Taws Xob: Cov saw hlau raug muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv tua hluav taws xob xws li dej, roj lossis dej ntsev. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv tua hluav taws xob cuam tshuam rau qhov txias thiab qhov faib tawm ntawm qhov nyuaj tom qab tua hluav taws xob. Dej muaj qhov txias sai tshaj plaws, tab sis yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntau dua; roj muaj qhov txias qeeb dua thiab muaj kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tsawg dua tom qab tua hluav taws xob.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev quenching yog los txhim kho qhov tawv thiab lub zog ntawm cov saw hlau. Los ntawm kev txias sai, cov ntaub so ntswg tawv tau tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab sab hauv ntawm cov saw hlau, yog li txhim kho nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab kev cuam tshuam.
Cov txheej txheem tempering
Kev Ua Kub: Cov saw hlau uas tau quenched lawm raug ua kom sov rau qhov kub qis dua Ac1. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab qhov tawv. Feem ntau, qhov kub thiab txias siab dua, qhov tawv qis dua thiab qhov tawv zoo dua.
Kev khaws cia kub: Khaws cia rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau ib lub sijhawm kom ruaj khov lub koom haum sab hauv ntawm cov saw hlau.
Txias: Maj mam txias rau chav tsev kub tom qab tempering.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tempering yog kom txo qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm quenching thiab kho qhov nyuaj thiab toughness ntawm cov saw hlau. Los ntawm kev kho tempering, cov saw hlau tuaj yeem tau txais kev ua tau zoo dua thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg thiab tawg thaum siv.
(II) Kev kho kom tawv nto
Kev tua qhov chaw
Kev kub hnyiab ntawm qhov chaw induction: Siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction, cov hluav taws xob siab dhau los ntawm lub kauj induction los tsim kom muaj lub zog sib nqus hloov pauv, yog li ntawd qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau tsim cov hluav taws xob eddy thiab sov sai. Qhov zoo ntawm kev kub hnyiab induction yog kev kub ceev, kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias meej, thiab kev kub hnyiab sai ntawm cov chaw hauv zos.
Kev tua nplaim taws kom sov: Siv rab phom tua nplaim taws kom sov qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau thiab tom qab ntawd txias sai. Qhov zoo ntawm kev tua nplaim taws yog cov khoom siv yooj yim thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, uas tsim nyog rau kev tua nplaim taws ntawm cov saw hlau loj lossis thaj chaw hauv zos.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Kev tua hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tawv thiab kev tiv thaiv kev hnav ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau. Thaum raug rau kev thauj khoom sib txawv thiab kev cuam tshuam, cov saw hlau tom qab tua hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem tiv taus kev hnav thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev nkees.
Carburizing thiab nitriding
Cov txheej txheem carburizing: Cov saw hlau tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho nruab nrab uas muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon, thiab cov pa roj carbon atoms tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau ntawm qhov kub siab los tsim ib txheej tawv uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau. Cov saw hlau tom qab carburization feem ntau yuav tsum tau quenched thiab tempered kom txhim kho nws qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab hnav tsis kam.
Cov txheej txheem nitriding: Muab cov saw hlau rau hauv qhov nruab nrab uas muaj nitrogen, thiab cia cov nitrogen atoms nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau ntawm qee qhov kub kom tsim tau ib txheej nitride hardened. Cov saw hlau tom qab nitriding muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw siab, tiv taus kev hnav zoo, thiab tiv taus corrosion zoo.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Cov txheej txheem carburizing thiab nitriding tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev hnav tsis kam ntawm cov saw hlau. Piv nrog rau kev quenching ntawm qhov chaw, cov txheej tawv uas tsim los ntawm carburizing thiab nitriding tob dua thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus kev hnav thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev qaug zog.
(III) Kev kho cua sov tag nrho
Kev ua kom sov
Cov Txheej Txheem: Ua kom sov lub saw hlau rau 30-50 degrees saum Ac3, ua kom sov rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias nws kom qis dua 500 degrees hauv lub cub tawg thiab txias nws hauv huab cua.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom kub hnyiab yog kom txo qhov nyuaj ntawm cov saw hlau thiab txhim kho nws cov yas thiab kev ua haujlwm txiav. Los ntawm kev ua kom kub hnyiab, cov saw hlau yooj yim dua los tsim thiab ua tiav hauv kev ua tiav tom ntej.
Kev ua kom zoo li qub
Txheej Txheem: Ua kom cov saw hlau kub txog Ac3 lossis Acm, ua kom sov, coj nws tawm ntawm lub cub tawg thiab txias rau hauv huab cua.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Kev ua kom zoo li qub tuaj yeem ua kom cov noob zoo nkauj, ua kom cov qauv sib xws, thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov saw hlau. Piv nrog rau kev ua kom sov, cov saw hlau tom qab ua kom zoo li qub muaj qhov nyuaj thiab lub zog siab dua.
Kev kho mob quenching thiab tempering
Txheej Txheem: Kev kho quenching thiab tempering yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm quenching thiab tempering kub siab. Ua ntej, cua sov lub saw hlau kom siab tshaj Ac3, quench tom qab khaws cia kub, thiab tom qab ntawd tempering ntawm qhov kub ntawm 500-650 ℃.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Kev kho quenching thiab tempering tuaj yeem tau txais kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub zog siab thiab toughness zoo. Cov saw hlau tom qab quenching thiab tempering muaj kev ruaj khov zoo dua thiab kev ntseeg siab thaum raug rau cov khoom hnyav thiab cov khoom cuam tshuam.
(IV) Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tshwj xeeb
Carbonitriding
Cov Txheej Txheem: Ua kom sov lub saw hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon thiab nitrogen ua ke rau qhov kub sib koom ua ke thiab khaws cia rau ib lub sijhawm. Thaum lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke, cov pa roj carbon thiab nitrogen atoms nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub saw hlau los tsim cov txheej carbonitride tawv.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Carbonitriding tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm cov saw hlau thiab kev hnav tsis kam. Piv nrog rau carburizing thiab nitriding, cov txheej tawv uas tsim los ntawm carbonitriding muaj kev ua tau zoo dua thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus kev hnav thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev qaug zog.
Boriding
Cov Txheej Txheem: Muab cov saw hlau rau hauv ib qho chaw nruab nrab uas muaj cov ntsiab lus boron, thiab cia cov boron atoms nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau ntawm qee qhov kub.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Qhov tawv ntawm cov saw hlau tom qab boriding yog siab heev thiab qhov hnav tsis kam zoo heev. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov saw hlau siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm hnyav, xws li kub thiab hnyav.

3. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau
Kev tawv thiab kev hnav tsis kam
Qhov tawv ntawm cov saw hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo los ntawm kev quenching, quenching ntawm qhov chaw, carburizing, nitriding thiab lwm yam txheej txheem. Qhov tawv ntawm qhov chaw siab tuaj yeem tiv taus kev hnav thiab ntev lub neej ntawm cov saw hlau.
Lub zog thiab kev tawv ncauj
Kev ua kom quenching thiab tempering, kev kho quenching thiab tempering thiab lwm yam txheej txheem tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab kev tawv ntawm cov saw hlau. Thaum raug rau cov khoom hnyav thiab cov khoom cuam tshuam, cov saw hlau uas tau kho cua sov tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov ruaj khov thiab kev ntseeg tau zoo dua.
Lub neej qaug zog
Kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov microstructure ntawm cov saw hlau, txo cov qhov tsis zoo sab hauv, thiab yog li ua rau nws lub neej ntev dua. Cov saw hlau uas kho cua sov muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev qaug zog thaum raug ntau zaus hloov pauv.
Kev tiv thaiv xeb
Cov txheej txheem xws li nitriding thiab boronizing tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv xeb ntawm cov saw hlau. Cov saw hlau siv rau hauv qhov chaw noo noo lossis corrosive tuaj yeem tiv taus xeb zoo dua tom qab cov txheej txheem kho cua sov no.

4. Kev xaiv thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov
Xaiv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov raws li cov khoom siv ntawm cov saw hlau
Cov saw hlau uas muaj ntau yam khoom sib txawv muaj kev hloov pauv sib txawv rau cov txheej txheem kho cua sov. Piv txwv li, cov saw hlau uas muaj carbon feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem xws li quenching thiab tempering, carburizing, thiab lwm yam; thaum cov saw hlau uas muaj stainless hlau zoo dua rau cov txheej txheem xws li nitriding thiab carbonitriding.
Xaiv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv ntawm cov saw hlau
Yog tias cov saw hlau feem ntau yog siv los tiv taus cov khoom hnyav thiab cov khoom cuam tshuam, yuav tsum xaiv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab kev tawv; yog tias cov saw hlau feem ntau yog siv rau kev hnav tsis kam, yuav tsum xaiv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev hnav tsis kam.
Txhim kho cov txheej txheem kho cua sov
Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov muaj feem cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau. Piv txwv li, kev xaiv tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm tuav, qhov nrawm txias, thiab lwm yam yuav ua rau tsis txaus qhov tawv lossis kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm cov saw hlau. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem kho cua sov los ntawm kev sim thiab kev paub dhau los raws li cov khoom siv thiab kev siv xav tau ntawm cov saw hlau.

5. Kev kuaj thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov
Kev sim qhov nyuaj
Qhov tawv yog ib qho cim qhia tseem ceeb los ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov saw hlau. Los ntawm kev sim qhov tawv, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov kev faib tawm ntawm qhov tawv ntawm qhov chaw thiab sab hauv ntawm cov saw hlau puas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Cov txheej txheem sim qhov tawv feem ntau suav nrog kev sim Rockwell hardness, kev sim qhov tawv ntawm qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam.
Kev xeem metallographic
Kev sim metallographic tuaj yeem saib xyuas qhov microstructure ntawm cov saw hlau thiab txiav txim siab seb cov txheej txheem kho cua sov puas tau ua tiav qhov xav tau. Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev sim metallographic, cov qauv martensite tom qab quenching thiab carbide faib tom qab carburizing tuaj yeem pom.
Kev ntsuam xyuas khoom siv tshuab
Kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom siv kho tshuab suav nrog kev ntsuam xyuas tensile, kev ntsuam xyuas kev cuam tshuam, kev ntsuam xyuas qaug zog, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas no, lub zog, kev tawv, lub neej qaug zog thiab lwm yam kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov saw hlau tuaj yeem soj ntsuam kom meej kom ntseeg tau tias nws tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv.
Kev tswj xyuas zoo
Kev tsim kom muaj lub kaw lus tswj xyuas zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov saw hlau. Txij li kev yuav khoom siv raw, kev ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom tiav, txhua qhov txuas yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj me ntsis. Lub kaw lus tswj xyuas zoo tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm cov saw hlau ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom lag luam wholesale thoob ntiaj teb.

6. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Cov Neeg Mob
(I) Kev Kho Mob Kub ntawm Cov Saw Hlau hauv Ib Lub Hoobkas Tsim Tsheb
Keeb Kwm
Cov saw hlau siv hauv qee lub Hoobkas tsim tsheb yuav tsum tiv taus cov khoom hnyav thiab cov khoom cuam tshuam, thiab yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv kev hnav zoo thiab lub neej qaug zog.
Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov
Cov txheej txheem quenching thiab tempering raug saws, nrog rau qhov kub quenching ntawm 850 ℃ thiab lub sijhawm tuav ntawm 30 feeb, ua raws li qhov kub siab tempering ntawm 550 ℃ thiab lub sijhawm tuav ntawm 2 teev.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem
Tom qab quenching thiab tempering, qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov saw hlau ncav cuag HRC45-50 thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm lub hauv paus yog HRC30-35. Kev kuaj xyuas metallographic qhia tau hais tias cov qauv martensite tom qab quenching yog sib xws thiab cov qauv sorbite tom qab tempering yog zoo. Kev sim khoom siv tshuab qhia tau hais tias lub zog tensile ntawm cov saw hlau yog 1200MPa, lub zog tso zis yog 1000MPa, qhov cuam tshuam toughness yog 50J / cm², thiab lub neej qaug zog tau zoo dua.
Cov nyhuv ntawm daim ntawv thov
Tom qab lub Hoobkas tsim tsheb siv cov saw hlau tom qab quenching thiab tempering, cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ruaj khov dua, lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau ntev dua 50%, thiab tus nqi txij nkawm txo qis heev.
(II) Cov ntaub ntawv kho cua sov ntawm cov saw hlau ntawm cov khoom siv tsuas
Keeb Kwm
Cov saw hlau siv hauv cov khoom siv tsuas yuav tsum ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm hnyav thiab xav tau kev hnav tsis kam thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov
Cov txheej txheem carbonitriding raug saws, qhov kub thiab txias co-diffusion yog 850 ℃, lub sijhawm tuav yog 4 teev, thiab tom qab ntawd quenching thiab qis-kub tempering yog nqa tawm.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem
Tom qab kev kho carbonitriding, qhov nyuaj ntawm cov saw hlau dov mus txog HV1000-1200, thiab qhov hnav tsis kam tau zoo dua. Kev kuaj xyuas metallographic qhia tau hais tias cov txheej txheem hardening carbonitride tau faib sib npaug nrog lub thickness ntawm 0.5-0.8 hli. Kev sim tiv thaiv corrosion qhia tau hais tias qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov saw hlau dov hauv qhov chaw noo noo tau zoo dua 3 zaug.
Cov nyhuv ntawm daim ntawv thov
Tom qab cov khoom siv tsuas siv cov saw hlau kho nrog carbonitriding, qhov hnav ntawm cov saw hlau raug txo qis heev, lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua 2 zaug, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo dua.

7. Kev loj hlob yav tom ntej
Kev siv tshuab kho cua sov ntse
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog thiab kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm, kev siv tshuab kho cua sov ntse yuav dhau los ua qhov kev txhim kho yav tom ntej. Los ntawm lub kaw lus tswj hwm ntse, cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tuaj yeem saib xyuas thiab kho kom raug lub sijhawm tiag tiag kom ua tiav kev tswj hwm meej thiab txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho cua sov.
Kev siv tshuab kho cua sov ntsuab thiab ib puag ncig zoo
Kev txhim kho kev paub txog ib puag ncig yuav txhawb kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis kho cua sov uas ntsuab thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, kev siv cov khoom siv tua hluav taws uas tsis muaj kuab paug thiab cov khoom siv cua sov txuag hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txo kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev ua qias tuaj rau ib puag ncig thaum lub sijhawm kho cua sov.
Cov ntaub ntawv kho cua sov ua haujlwm siab
Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tsim cov khoom siv kho cua sov ua haujlwm siab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau. Piv txwv li, kev tsim cov neeg sawv cev carburizing tshiab, cov neeg sawv cev nitriding, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev hnav tsis kam ntawm cov saw hlau.
Kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov
Ua ke nrog kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom siv thiab kev xav txog kev kho tshuab, cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tau raug kho kom zoo thiab tsim kho tshiab tas li. Piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem kho cua sov sib xyaw ua ke yog siv los ua ke ntau cov txheej txheem kho cua sov kom muab kev ua si tag nrho rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov saw hlau.

8. Xaus Lus
Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov yog ib qho thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau. Los ntawm kev quenching thiab tempering, kev kho kom tawv ntawm qhov chaw, kev kho cua sov tag nrho thiab lwm yam txheej txheem, qhov nyuaj, lub zog, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab lub neej qaug zog ntawm cov saw hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo heev. Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tsim nyog thiab kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem yog cov kev sib txuas tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm cov saw hlau. Tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim kom muaj lub kaw lus tswj xyuas zoo thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem sim siab heev yog qhov lav rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov saw hlau. Yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv ntse, ntsuab thiab ua tau zoo, cov thev naus laus zis kho cua sov ntawm cov saw hlau yuav txuas ntxiv tsim kho tshiab thiab ua kom zoo dua, muab cov khoom siv kho tshuab txhim khu kev qha dua rau kev sib kis thiab kev xa khoom hauv kev lag luam.