Ka hopena o ke kaiapuni wela kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha ma nā mea kaulahao wili

Ka hopena o ke kaiapuni wela kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha ma nā mea kaulahao wili
I nā noi ʻoihana, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kaulahao wili, ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana hoʻoili koʻikoʻi, i nā lako mīkini like ʻole a me nā laina hana. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻokoʻa nā koi o nā ʻano hana like ʻole no ka hana ʻana o nā kaulahao wili, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻano wela kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha, e loli nui ka hana o nā mea kaulahao wili, kahi e pili pono ai i ke ola lawelawe a me ka hilinaʻi o nā kaulahao wili. E ʻimi hohonu kēia ʻatikala i ka hopena o nā ʻano wela kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha i nā mea kaulahao wili, a hāʻawi i nā mea kūʻai kūʻai nui honua me kahi kuhikuhi no ke koho ʻana i nā mea kaulahao wili kūpono.

1. ʻIkepili o nā mea kaulahao wili
Hana pinepine ʻia nā kaulahao wili i ke kila kalapona, ke kila huila, ke kila kila kila a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa i ke kila kalapona nā ʻano o ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻaʻole kūpaʻa i ka pala a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation; hoʻomaikaʻi ke kila kila i ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ka mea ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea huila e like me chromium, nickel, molybdenum, a pēlā aku; loaʻa i ke kila kila ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa, kūpaʻa oxidation a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a kūpono no nā ʻano hana paʻakikī.

2. Ka hopena o ke kaiapuni wela kiʻekiʻe ma nā mea kaulahao wili
(I) Nā loli i ka ikaika o nā mea
I ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, e emi mālie ana ka ikaika o nā mea kaulahao wili. No ka laʻana, hoʻomaka ka ikaika o ke kaulahao kila kalapona e emi nui i ka wā e ʻoi aku ai ka mahana ma mua o 200°C. Ke piʻi ka mahana ma luna o 300°C, e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka emi ʻana o ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika, e hopena ana i ka pōkole o ke ola lawelawe o ke kaulahao. ʻO kēia no ka mea e hoʻololi ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe i ke ʻano lattice o ka mea metala, e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ma waena o nā ʻātoma, a pēlā e hōʻemi ai i ka hiki ke lawe i ka ukana o ka mea.
(ii) Ka hopena o ke kū'ē'ē'ana i ka'okikene
I nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe, ua maʻalahi nā mea kaulahao wili i nā hopena oxidation. Hoʻopili maʻalahi nā kaulahao kila kalapona me ka oxygen e hana i ka hao oxide i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻopau i ka mea ponoʻī, akā hana pū kekahi i kahi papa oxide ma luna o ka ʻili o ke kaulahao, e hopena ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke coefficient friction o ke kaulahao a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu. ʻO nā kaulahao kila kila, no ka mea, aia nā mea alloy e like me chromium, hiki ke hana i kahi ʻili chromium oxide mānoanoa ma luna o ka ʻili, hiki ke pale pono i ka oxygen mai ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka ʻino ʻana i loko o ka mea, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ke kūpaʻa oxidation o ke kaulahao.
(iii) Nā pilikia lubrication
Hiki i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻololi i ka hana o ka ʻaila lubricating a i ʻole ka grease. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, e emi ana ka viscosity o ka ʻaila lubricating, e hōʻino ka hopena lubrication, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kahi ʻili lubricating maikaʻi ma ka ʻili friction pair o ke kaulahao, e hopena ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka friction a me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻaʻahu; ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki i ka momona ke heheʻe, e mahu a puhi paha, e nalowale ana kona hopena lubricating, a hoʻolalelale hou i ka ʻaʻahu o ke kaulahao. No laila, i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā kaulahao wili i nā wahi mahana kiʻekiʻe, pono e koho i nā lubricants kūpono no nā kūlana mahana kiʻekiʻe a hoʻonui i ke alapine o ka lubrication.

III. Ka hopena o ke kaiapuni haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma nā mea kaulahao wili

(I) Hoʻonui ʻia ka palupalu o nā mea

I ka emi ʻana o ka mahana, emi ka paʻakikī o nā mea kaulahao wili a piʻi ka brittleness. ʻOi loa aku i nā wahi mahana haʻahaʻa, e emi nui ka ikaika o ka hopena o nā mea, a he maʻalahi ka haki brittle. No ka laʻana, e hōʻemi nui ka hana hopena o kekahi mau kaulahao kila maʻamau ke emi ka mahana ma lalo o -20℃. ʻO kēia no ka mea ua nāwaliwali ka neʻe wela atomika o ka mea i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, paʻakikī ka neʻe ʻana o ka dislocation, a ua emi ka hiki o ka mea ke omo i ka hopena o waho.

(II) Ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻoluʻu

E hoʻonui nā mahana haʻahaʻa i ka mānoanoa o ka ʻaila lubricating a i ʻole ka grease, a e hoʻopaʻa iā ia. E paʻakikī kēia i ke kaulahao e lubricated piha i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai, e hoʻonui ana i ka friction a me ka ʻaʻahu. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā lubricants paʻa ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana maʻamau o ke kaulahao a hoʻopilikia i kona palupalu. No laila, i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā kaulahao wili i nā wahi mahana haʻahaʻa, pono e koho i nā lubricants me ka hana mahana haʻahaʻa maikaʻi, a pono e hoʻomehana mua ʻia a lubricated ke kaulahao ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.
(III) Ka ʻūmiʻi a me ke ʻano hoʻololi o ke kaulahao
I nā wahi mahana haʻahaʻa, e emi ana ka mea kaulahao wili, kahi e hoʻololi ai i ka nui o ke kaulahao a hoʻopilikia i kona pololei kūlike me ka sprocket. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā mahana haʻahaʻa ke hoʻonui i ke koʻikoʻi koena i loko o ke kaulahao, e hoʻololi ai ke kaulahao i ka wā e hoʻohana ai, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka laumania a me ka pololei o ka hoʻoili ʻana.

IV. Hana ʻana o nā kaulahao wili o nā mea like ʻole ma nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa
(I) Nā kaulahao wili kila kila
Hana maikaʻi nā kaulahao wili kila kila i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi wela haʻahaʻa. I nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, mālama maikaʻi ʻia kona kūpaʻa a me kona ikaika i ka oxidation, a hiki ke hana maʻamau ma 400°C a i ʻole nā ​​​​mahana kiʻekiʻe aʻe; i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, maikaʻi loa ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala o ke kila kila, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma -40°C a i ʻole nā ​​​​mahana haʻahaʻa. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i nā kaulahao wili kila kila ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka pala a kūpono no nā wahi ʻino e like me ka haʻahaʻa, ka waikawa a me ka alkali.
(II) Kaula wili kila kila
Hoʻomaikaʻi ke kaulahao wili kila kila i ka hana piha o nā mea ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea kila. I ke kaiapuni wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka oxidation o ke kaulahao kila kila ma mua o ke kaulahao kila kalapona, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka pae mahana o 300℃ a i 450℃; i ke kaiapuni wela haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻakikī o ke kila kila ma mua o ke kila kalapona, a hiki iā ia ke kū'ē i ka haki haʻahaʻa wela i kekahi ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o ke kaulahao wili kila kila.
(III) Kaula wili kila kalapona
He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o ke kaulahao wili kila kalapona, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi kāna hana i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa. I ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe, emi nui kona ikaika a me kona paʻakikī, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻololi a komo; i ke ana wela haʻahaʻa, piʻi ka palupalu o ke kila kalapona, hōʻino ka hana hopena, a maʻalahi hoʻi e haki. No laila, ʻoi aku ka kūpono o ke kaulahao wili kila kalapona no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaiapuni mahana maʻamau.

V. Nā Hana Kū'ē
(I) Koho mea hana
E koho i ka mea o ke kaulahao wili me ke kūpono e like me nā kūlana mahana o ke kaiapuni hana. No ke kaiapuni wela kiʻekiʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hāʻawi i ka mea nui i nā kaulahao wili i hana ʻia me ke kila kila a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kila alloy; no ke kaiapuni wela haʻahaʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i ke kila alloy a i ʻole nā ​​​​kauoha wili kila kila i mālama kūikawā ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou paʻakikī wela haʻahaʻa.
(II) Ke kaʻina hana mālama wela
Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana o nā mea kaulahao wili ma o nā kaʻina hana mālama wela kūpono. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o nā kaulahao kila alloy ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa; hiki i ka mālama ʻana i nā hopena paʻa o nā kaulahao kila kila ke hoʻonui i ko lākou kūpaʻa i ka pala a me ke kūpaʻa i ka oxidation.
(III) Hoʻokele lubrication
I nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa, pono e uku ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻokele lubrication o nā kaulahao wili. E koho i nā lubricants kūpono no ka mahana hana a hana i ka mālama lubrication i nā manawa a pau e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa mau ʻana o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni lubrication maikaʻi ma luna o ka ʻili o ka hui friction kaulahao. I nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka grease pale wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka lubricant paʻa; i nā wahi wela haʻahaʻa, pono e koho ʻia nā lubricants me ka hana wela haʻahaʻa maikaʻi, a pono e hoʻomehana mua ʻia ke kaulahao ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.

VI. Nā hihia hoʻohana pono
(I) Nā hihia noi kaiapuni wela kiʻekiʻe
Hoʻohana ʻia nā kaulahao wili kila kila i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoili umu wela kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻoihana metallurgical. Ma muli o ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka oxidation a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka ikaika o nā mea kila kila, hiki i ke kaulahao ke hana paʻa i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻemi ana i nā hoʻopau hana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka pōʻino o ke kaulahao. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka mālama mau ʻana i ka lubrication wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻolōʻihi hou aku i ke ola lawelawe o ke kaulahao.
(II) Nā hihia noi ma nā wahi mahana haʻahaʻa
I loko o nā lako lawe mālama anu o nā logistics kaulahao anu, hoʻohana ʻia nā kaulahao wili kila alloy i hana ʻia i ka mālama haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kūikawā. He paʻakikī maikaʻi kēia kaulahao a me ke kūpaʻa i ka hopena i nā mahana haʻahaʻa a hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni haʻahaʻa o ka mālama anu. Eia kekahi, ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lubricants haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua hōʻoia ʻia ka hana maʻalahi a me ka haʻahaʻa o ke kaulahao i nā mahana haʻahaʻa.

VII. Hopena
He hopena koʻikoʻi nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha i ka hana o nā mea kaulahao wili, me nā loli i ka ikaika o nā mea, nā ʻokoʻa o ke kū'ē ʻana i ka oxidation a me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka corrosion, nā pilikia lubrication, a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka brittleness o nā mea. I ke koho ʻana i nā mea kaulahao wili, pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia nā kūlana mahana o ke kaiapuni hana, a pono e koho pono ʻia nā kaulahao wili o nā mea like ʻole e like me ke kila kila, ke kila alloy a i ʻole ke kila kalapona, a pono e hana ʻia nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau wela a me nā hana hoʻokele lubrication e hōʻoia i ka hana hilinaʻi a me ke ola lōʻihi o ke kaulahao wili i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa. No nā mea kūʻai kūʻai nui honua, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mea hoʻohuli a me nā countermeasures e kōkua i ka hana ʻana i nā koho naʻauao i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kaulahao wili e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā mea kūʻai aku like ʻole ma nā wahi hana like ʻole.