Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaketanga ezikhona?

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaketanga ezikhona?

Njengezingxenye eziyinhloko zokudlulisa ngomshini kanye nokuthwala umthwalo,amaketangasekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, ezokuthutha, kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Izidingo zamandla eketanga, ukunemba, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ezimweni ezahlukene, okuholela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zamaketanga. Lesi sihloko sizobuyekeza ngokuhlelekile izinhlobo zamaketanga ajwayelekile ngokusekelwe ezimweni zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezici zesakhiwo, sihlaziye izici zazo eziyinhloko kanye nezindawo ezifanele, sinikeze umhlahlandlela ophelele wokukhetha wabathengi bezentengiselwano zangaphandle, onjiniyela, kanye nochwepheshe bemboni.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Ngomsebenzi Wokudlulisa: “Isixhumanisi Samandla” Sokudlulisa Kwezimboni

Amaketanga okudlulisa ayisihluthulelo sokudlulisa amandla ezinhlelweni zemishini. Afinyelela ukunyakaza nokudlulisa amandla ngokusebenzisa i-meshing yamaketanga nama-sprocket, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini efana namathuluzi omshini, izimoto, kanye nemishini yezolimo. Ngokusekelwe esakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwawo, angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Iketanga Eligoqekayo
I-roller chain njengamanje iwuchungechunge lokudlulisa olusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimboni. Isakhiwo sayo siqukethe amapuleti okuxhumanisa angaphakathi nangaphandle, amaphini, ama-bushing, nama-rollers. Ukuba khona kwama-rollers kushintsha i-meshing phakathi kwe-chain kanye ne-sprocket kusuka ekungqubuzaneni okushelelayo kuya ekungqubuzaneni okugoqayo, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuguguleka nokulahlekelwa amandla.

Izici Eziyinhloko: Ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa (ngokuvamile 95%-98%), amandla aqinile okuthwala imithwalo, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle kakhulu. Zingasebenza ngokuqina ezindaweni zokudlulisa ezine-axis eminingi kanye nasezindaweni ezinzima (njengothuli namafutha).

Izicelo: Izinhlelo zokudlulisa ezisheshayo kuya kweziphakathi, ezinomthwalo omningi njengezinjini zezithuthuthu, imishini yokuthutha, imishini yokuvuna yezolimo, kanye nemishini yokumba.

Ukukhetha Okubalulekile: Khetha inombolo yochungechunge ngokusekelwe emandleni adlulisiwe, isivinini, kanye nebanga eliphakathi (isb., 08A, 10A ku-ISO standard; izinombolo zochungechunge ezinkulu zibonisa ama-pitch amakhulu ochungechunge kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo).

2. Iketanga Lokubopha

Amaketanga e-bushing anesakhiwo esifana namaketanga e-roller, kodwa awanawo ama-roller; ama-bushing athinta amazinyo e-sprocket ngqo. Ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokushayisana eshelelayo, ukusebenza kahle kwawo kokudlulisa kuphansi kancane kune-roller chains, kodwa anikeza izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi kanye nesakhiwo esilula. Izici Eziyinhloko: Izindleko eziphansi, ukulungiswa okulula, futhi kufanelekile ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa ezithwala umthwalo omncane, ezisheshayo.
Izicelo: Ama-conveyor amancane, izinto zasendlini (ezifana nama-transmissions omshini wokuwasha), imishini yezolimo elula, njll.

3. Iketanga Elithule

Iketanga elithule, elaziwa nangokuthi iketanga elinamazinyo, liqukethe uchungechunge lwamapuleti anamazinyo axhunywe ngamaphini. Amazinyo amapuleti anezimbobo eziqondile namazinyo ama-sprocket. Uma kuqhathaniswa namaketanga ajikelezayo, amaketanga anamazinyo akhiqiza umsindo ophansi kakhulu, anikeza ukunemba okuphezulu kokudlulisela, futhi angafinyelela isivinini esiphezulu.
Izici Eziyinhloko: Ukudluliselwa okubushelelezi, umsindo ophansi, ukudlidliza okuphansi komthelela, kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kokudluliselwa. Isivinini esiphezulu singafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-4000 rpm.
Izicelo: Ama-spindle drive amathuluzi omshini aqondile, izinhlelo zesikhathi senjini yezimoto, imishini yendwangu, neminye imishini enomsindo ophezulu kanye nezidingo zokunemba.

II. Ukuhlukaniswa Ngomsebenzi Wokudlulisa: “Umzila Wokudlulisa” Wokuphathwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile

Amaketanga okuhambisa aklanyelwe ngqo ukuphathwa kwezinto futhi kumele akwazi ukudlulisa nokuthwala izinto njalo. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kanye namabhande okuhambisa, amathrekhi okuhambisa, namanye amadivayisi. Kuye ngesimo sezinto kanye nendawo ezithunyelwa kuyo, angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:

1. Uchungechunge Lwepuleti

Uchungechunge lwepuleti luqukethe uchungechunge kanye nepuleti lokuthwala, elixhunywe kuchungechunge ngamaphini noma amabhawodi ukuze kwakheke indawo yokudlulisa eqhubekayo. Kuye ngesakhiwo sepuleti lokuthwala, lungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi ipuleti eliyisicaba, i-baffle, kanye nomhlahlandlela ohlangothini.

Izici Eziyinhloko: Umthwalo ophezulu, indawo yokudlulisa ebushelelezi, kanye nekhono lokuthutha izinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinto ezinkulu, ezihlanganisiwe, kanye nezinto ezifakwe ebhokisini. Kulula futhi ukuzihlanza.

Izicelo: Imigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo, ukuthutha ukudla (njengemigqa yokubhaka amakhukhi), izinhlelo zokugcina impahla kanye nokuhlunga izinto, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinto zokumba.

2. Uchungechunge lwe-Wire Mesh
Amaketanga e-wire mesh akhiwa ngesakhiwo se-mesh sezintambo zensimbi ezilukiwe, ezibe sezixhunywa kumaketanga ukuze zakhe i-conveyor. Anikeza ukungena komoya okuhle kakhulu, alula, futhi amelana nokuqongelela kwezinto.

Izici Eziyinhloko: Ukungena komoya okuhle kakhulu, ukushabalalisa ukushisa, kanye nokumelana okuphansi kokudlulisa, okuvumela ukoma kanye nokupholisa izinto ngasikhathi sinye.

Izicelo: Imigqa yokomisa ukudla (njengendlela yokuthosa ama-noodle ngokushesha), ukomisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, kanye nokuhambisa okungenamagciwane embonini yezemithi.

3. Iketanga Elingaphezulu
Amaketanga angaphezulu afakwa ezindleleni eziphezulu, anezingwegwe noma ozimele bomthwalo abalenga kuzo. Avumela ukuhanjiswa kwezinto emoyeni kanye nokudluliselwa kwazo, okusindisa isikhala saphansi ngempumelelo.

Izici Eziyinhloko: Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala esikhulu kanye nezindlela zokudlulisa eziguquguqukayo (ezikwazi ukujika nokuphakamisa), okwenza zifanelekele ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezikude, ezinobukhulu obuthathu.

Izicelo: Imigqa yokuhlanganisa izingxenye zezimoto (njengomshini wokupenda umzimba), izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezilenga izingubo, kanye nokuhambisa izinto ezinezici ezintathu endaweni yokugcina impahla kanye neyokuthutha impahla.

III. Ukuhlukaniswa Ngesicelo Esikhethekile: “Izikhali Ezikhethekile” Zezindawo Eziyingozi Kakhulu

Kwezinye izimo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, amaketanga avamile awanele. Ngakho-ke, amaketanga akhethekile anezakhiwo ezikhethekile njengokumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye namandla aphezulu avele. La maketanga ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi:

1. Uchungechunge Lwensimbi Engagqwali

Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali enziwe ngezinto zensimbi engagqwali ezifana no-304 no-316. Anikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nezakhiwo zokuhlanzeka, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinzima njengalezo ezifaka umswakama, i-asidi, kanye ne-alkalinity.

Izici Eziyinhloko: Ukumelana nokugqwala okunamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nendawo ebushelelezi, okulula ukuyihlanza, ehlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka zezimboni ezifana nokudla kanye nemithi.

Izicelo: Imishini yokucubungula ukudla, izinhlelo zokuhambisa amakhemikhali, imishini yobunjiniyela basolwandle, kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha.

2. Uchungechunge Olumelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu

Amaketanga Amelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu enziwe ngezinto ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu (njengensimbi emelana nokushisa) futhi afakwe amafutha okushisa aphezulu. Angasebenza ngokuqina ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-300°C, kanti amanye amamodeli akhethekile angamelana nokushisa okungaphezu kuka-800°C. Izici Eziyinhloko: Ukumelana nokushiswa kokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana okunamandla nokuguquguquka kokushisa, kanye nokugcotshwa okuzinzile.
Izicelo: Izindawo zokusebenza ezishisa kakhulu njengemboni yensimbi (isb., ukuthutha i-billet), imishini yokukhiqiza ingilazi, kanye nezinhlelo zokudla ze-incinerator.

3. Iketanga Lokuphakamisa
Amaketanga okuphakamisa ayizingxenye eziyinhloko zemishini yokuphakamisa ezithwala umthwalo futhi adinga amandla nokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile enziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy enamandla aphezulu futhi ayacinywa futhi ashintshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi athwala umthwalo ngokuphephile.
Izici Eziyinhloko: Amandla aphezulu okubamba, ukuqina okuhle, kanye nesici sokuphepha esiphezulu (ngokuvamile okungenani okungu-4). Ukwelashwa kwendawo okufana nokufaka ubumnyama kanye nokufaka i-galvanizing kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukugqwala.
Izicelo: Ama-crane, ama-forklift, kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa esetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa nokuthutha izinto ezisindayo.

IV. Ukuhlukaniswa Ngesakhiwo Seketanga: “Ukwehlukaniswa” Kwamafomu Ayisisekelo

Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa ngemisebenzi, amaketanga angahlukaniswa futhi ngokusekelwe ekuhlukeni kwawo kwesakhiwo, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwawo kanye nezimo ezifanele:

1. Amaketanga entambo eyodwa vs. ezintambo eziningi

Amaketanga anezintambo zodwa aqukethe isethi eyodwa yezixhumanisi futhi alula ngesakhiwo, afanelekela ukudluliselwa nokuhanjiswa kwemithwalo ephakathi nephansi. Amaketanga anezintambo eziningi aqukethe amasethi amaningi amaketanga anezintambo zodwa axhunywe ngamaphini, futhi amandla awo okuthwala imithwalo ayanda ngenani lezintambo (ngokuvamile anqunyelwe kwamane ukuze kugwenywe ukusatshalaliswa kwemithwalo okungalingani).

Izicelo: Amaketanga anezintambo ezilodwa asetshenziselwa imishini emincane, kuyilapho amaketanga anezintambo eziningi esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imithwalo ephezulu ezimbonini (njenge-compressor enkulu).

2. Amaketanga e-Short-pitch vs. Long-pitch

I-pitch iyipharamitha eyinhloko yeketanga, ebhekisela ebangeni eliphakathi kwezindawo ezimaphakathi zamaphini amabili aseduze. Amaketanga amafushane (i-pitch ≤ 25.4mm) anikeza ukunemba okuphezulu kokudlulisela kanye nesivinini esiphezulu, okwenza afaneleke ukudlulisela okunembile. Amaketanga amade (i-pitch ≥ 50.8mm) anikeza amandla aphezulu okuthwala umthwalo, afanele ukudlulisa umthwalo ngesivinini esiphansi, nomthwalo ophezulu.

V. Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Ngokukhetha Uchungechunge

Ngemva kokuqonda izinhlobo zamaketanga, ukukhetha okunembile kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini. Gxila kumaphuzu amane abalulekile alandelayo:

Amapharamitha Okusebenza: Cacisa amapharamitha abalulekile njengamandla adlulisiwe, isivinini sokujikeleza, isivinini sokudlulisa, kanye nomthamo womthwalo ukuze kufane nomthamo womthwalo weketanga kanye nokusebenza kahle kokudlulisa.

Izimo Zemvelo: Khetha izintambo ezikhethekile njengensimbi engagqwali noma izintambo ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu ngokusekelwe ekubeni khona kokugqwala, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, uthuli, kanye nomswakama.

Indawo Yokufaka: Nquma iphimbo leketanga, inani lemigqa, kanye nobude ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bokufakwa kwemishini kanye nebanga eliphakathi nendawo.

Izidingo Zokulungisa: Cabanga ngokulula kokulungisa okudingekayo esimweni sokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, embonini yokudla, amaketanga ane-mesh ahlanzwa kalula noma amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ayathandwa.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlukaniswa kweketanga akuphelele; iketanga lingahlangana ngaphansi kwezigaba ezahlukene (isibonelo, uchungechunge lweqabunga lensimbi engagqwali lungahlukaniswa njengochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali kanye nochungechunge lokuhambisa). Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, ukuhlolwa okuphelele okusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile kuyadingeka.