Yiziphi izindlela ezithile zokusebenzisa izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali embonini yokucubungula ukudla?

Yiziphi izindlela ezithile zokusebenzisa izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali embonini yokucubungula ukudla?

1. Ukubuka konke kokusetshenziswa kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali embonini yokucubungula ukudla
1.1 Izakhiwo zezinto zezintambo zensimbi engagqwali
Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali avame ukwenziwa ngezinto zensimbi engagqwali ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengensimbi engagqwali engu-304, insimbi engagqwali engu-316L, njll. Lezi zinto zinezici ezilandelayo ezibalulekile:

Ukumelana nokugqwala: Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 iqukethe ingxenye enkulu ye-chromium kanye ne-nickel elements, okwenza imelane nokugqwala nokugqwala ezindaweni eziningi. Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L inezela i-molybdenum (Mo) ukuze ithuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nomgodi, ikakhulukazi efanelekile ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ezine-acidic kanye ne-alkaline ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekucubungulweni kokudla.

Amandla aphezulu: Ngemva kokwelashwa okukhethekile, amandla okudonsa kanye namandla okukhiqiza amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali aphezulu, futhi angamelana nemithwalo emikhulu. Isibonelo, amandla okudonsa eketanga lensimbi engagqwali elingu-304 angafinyelela ku-515 MPa, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zemishini yokucubungula ukudla ukuze kube namandla okuthwala umthwalo weketanga.

Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi: Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali angasetshenziswa ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi, njengokuthi izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali lingu-304°C kuya ku-400°C, elifanele imishini yokubhaka eshisa kakhulu kanye nemishini yokubanda eshisa kancane ekucutshungulweni kokudla.

Inhlanzeko kanye nokungabi nobuthi: Izinto zensimbi engagqwali azinabo ubuthi futhi azinaphunga, ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka zemboni yokucubungula ukudla, futhi ngeke zibangele ukungcola ekudleni

Muhle futhi uhlala isikhathi eside: Ubuso bubushelelezi futhi akulula ukugqwala. Busengagcina ukubukeka okuhle ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside futhi buhlala isikhathi eside

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezixhumanisi zokudlulisa
2.1 Ukudlulisa izinto ezingavuthiwe
Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali adlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaniseni izinto zokusetshenziswa embonini yokucubungula ukudla. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokusetshenziswa zokucubungula ukudla, okuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu, inyama, izithelo, imifino, njll. Ukuthunyelwa kwalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa kudinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuzinza.

Ukuhambisa okusanhlamvu: Emabhizinisini okucubungula okusanhlamvu, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha okusanhlamvu okufana nokolweni nommbila. Isibonelo, umshini omkhulu wokugaya ufulawa usebenzisa uhlelo lokuhambisa uchungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali ukuthutha ukolweni usuka endaweni yokugcina impahla uye endaweni yokucubungula, onamandla okuhambisa afinyelela ku-50 amathani ngehora, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ukumelana nokugqwala kanye namandla aphezulu ezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kuzenza zikwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuhle ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside futhi ngeke zigqwale noma zonakale ngenxa yomswakama noma ukungcola kokusanhlamvu.
Ukuthuthwa kwenyama: Emabhizinisini okucubungula inyama, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha imfuyo efana nezingulube nezinkomo. Endlini yokuhlatshwa, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zithutha imfuyo isuka emgqeni wokuhlatshwa iye endaweni yokusika, futhi izici zokuhlanzeka nezingenabo ubuthi zezintambo ziqinisekisa ukuthi inyama ayingcoliswanga phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kuzenza zikwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile endaweni ephansi yokushisa yendlu yokuhlatshwa.
Ukuthuthwa kwezithelo nemifino: Emabhizinisini okucubungula izithelo nemifino, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha izithelo nemifino. Isibonelo, ifektri yokufaka izithelo emathinini isebenzisa uhlelo lokuhambisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ukuthutha izithelo zisuka endaweni yokuwasha ziye endaweni yokufaka amathinini, ezinomthamo wokuhambisa ofinyelela kumathani angu-30 ngehora. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kuzenza zikwazi ukumelana nezinto ezine-asidi ezithelweni nasemifinoni, kuyilapho izici zazo zokuhlanzeka nokungabi nobuthi ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla.

2.2 Ukuthuthwa komkhiqizo oqediwe kancane
Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaniseni kokuthutha umkhiqizo oqediwe ngokuphelele embonini yokucubungula ukudla. Ukuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo eqediwe kancane kudinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlanzeko kanye nekhwalithi yokudla akuthinteki ngesikhathi senqubo yokucubungula.

Ukuhambisa izimpahla ezibhakiwe ezingaqediwe ngokuphelele: Emabhizinisini okucubungula ukudla okubhaka, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha imikhiqizo engaqediwe ngokuphelele njengesinkwa namakhekhe. Isibonelo, ibhikawozi elikhulu lisebenzisa uhlelo lokuhambisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ukuthutha isinkwa sisuka endaweni yokusebenzela eyakhayo siye endaweni yokubhaka, esinomthamo wokuhambisa ofika kumathani angama-20 ngehora. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kwenza ukuthi zisebenze kahle endaweni yokushisa ephezulu yemishini yokubhaka, futhi izici zayo zokuhlanzeka nokungabi nobuthi ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhambisa.
Ukuhambisa imikhiqizo yenyama eqediwe kancane: Emabhizinisini okucubungula imikhiqizo yenyama, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa imikhiqizo eqediwe kancane njengemasoseji ne-ham. Emsebenzini wokucubungula amasoseji, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zihambisa isoseji kusukela emgqeni wokugcwalisa kuya endaweni yokubhema. Ukumelana nokugqwala kanye namandla aphezulu ezintambo kwenza ukuthi igcine ukusebenza okuhle ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zokuhlanzeka kanye nokungabi nobuthi zezintambo zensimbi engagqwali ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuhlanzeka kwemikhiqizo yenyama ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhambisa.
Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yeziphuzo eziqediwe ngokuphelele: Emabhizinisini okucubungula iziphuzo, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthunyelwa kweziphuzo eziqediwe ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, ifektri yeziphuzo isebenzisa uhlelo lokuthunyelwa kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali ukuthunyelwa kweziphuzo eziqediwe ngokuphelele kusukela endaweni yokuxuba kuya endaweni yokugcwalisa, enekhono lokuthunyelwa elingafika ku-10 amathani ngehora. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kuzenza zikwazi ukumelana nezinto ezine-asidi eziphuzweni, kuyilapho izakhiwo zazo zokuhlanzeka nezingenabo ubuthi ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kweziphuzo ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa.

3. Isicelo enkambisweni yokugcwalisa
3.1 Ukugcwaliswa kokudla okuwuketshezi
Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali adlala indima engenakuphindwa enkambisweni yokugcwalisa ukudla okuwuketshezi, futhi izinzuzo zawo zokusebenza ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, inhlanzeko kanye nokuqina kwenqubo yokugcwalisa.

Ukugcwaliswa kukabhiya: Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ubhiya, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha amathini noma amabhodlela engilazi. Isibonelo, indawo enkulu yokwenza utshwala isebenzisa uhlelo lokuhambisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ukuthutha amathini ukusuka endaweni yokuhlanza ukuya endaweni yokugcwalisa bese kuya endaweni yokuvala. Ukusebenza kahle kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kanye nokugcwaliswa kwamathini okufanayo, izinga loketshezi lokugcwalisa elizinzile, ibanga elifushane phakathi kokugcwalisa kanye nokuvala, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-oxygen okuncishisiwe ethini. Zonke izingxenye ezithinta amathini zenziwe ngesakhiwo sensimbi engagqwali sezinga lokudla ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesivalo.
Ukugcwaliswa kotshwala: Enqubweni yokugcwaliswa kotshwala, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha amabhodlela eziphuzo. Isibonelo, ifektri yeziphuzo isebenzisa uhlelo lokuhambisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ukuthutha amabhodlela eziphuzo ukusuka endaweni yokuhlanza ukuya endaweni yokugcwalisa bese kuya endaweni yokuvala. Ukumelana nokugqwala kochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali kwenza lukwazi ukumelana nezinto ezi-acidic esiphuzweni, futhi izici zalo zokuhlanzeka nezingenabo ubuthi ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesiphuzo ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali kwenza lukwazi ukusebenza kahle esixhumanisini sokuhlanza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngemva kokuba isiphuzo sigcwalisiwe.

Ukugcwaliswa kwamafutha adliwayo: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwaliswa kwamafutha adliwayo, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthwala imiphongolo yamafutha adliwayo. Isibonelo, ifektri yamafutha adliwayo isebenzisa uhlelo lokudlulisa uchungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali ukuthutha imiphongolo yamafutha adliwayo ukusuka endaweni yokugcwalisa kuya endaweni yokuvala. Ukumelana nokugqwala kochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali kwenza lukwazi ukumelana nezinto ezi-acidic kumafutha adliwayo, futhi izici zalo zokuhlanzeka nezingenabo ubuthi ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamafutha adliwayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zamandla aphezulu zochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali zikwenza ukwazi ukumelana nesisindo somqulu wamafutha adliwayo, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwenqubo yokudlulisa.

3.2 Ukugcwaliswa kokudla okuqinile
Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaniseni ukudla okuqinile, futhi izinzuzo zawo zokusebenza ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, inhlanzeko kanye nokuqina kwenqubo yokugcwalisa.

Ukugcwaliswa kwesoseji: Ngesikhathi sokucubungula isoseji, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasoseji. Isibonelo, isitshalo sokucubungula isoseji sisebenzisa uhlelo lokudlulisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ukudlulisa amasoseji kusukela emgqeni wokugcwalisa kuya endaweni yokusebenzela yokubhema. Ukumelana nokugqwala kanye namandla aphezulu ezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kwenza kube lula ukugcina ukusebenza okuhle ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside, kuyilapho izici zalo zokuhlanzeka nokungabi nobuthi ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuhlanzeka kwamasoseji ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kwenza kube lula ukusebenza kahle enkambisweni yokubhema isoseji.
Ukugcwaliswa kwamaswidi: Ngesikhathi sokucubungula amaswidi, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthwala amaswidi. Isibonelo, imboni yamaswidi isebenzisa uhlelo lokudlulisa amaswidi ensimbi engagqwali ukuthwala amaswidi kusukela endaweni yokugcwalisa kuya endaweni yokupakisha. Izici zokuhlanzeka nezingenobuthi zezintambo zensimbi engagqwali ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamaswidi ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwalisa, kuyilapho ukumelana nokugqwala kwalo kulwenza lukwazi ukumelana nezinto ezi-acidic kumaswidi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zamandla aphezulu zezintambo zensimbi engagqwali zilwenza lukwazi ukuthwala isisindo samaswidi, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwenqubo yokudlulisa.
Ukugcwaliswa kwamantongomane: Ngesikhathi sokucubungula amantongomane, amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa ukudlulisa amantongomane. Isibonelo, isitshalo sokucubungula amantongomane sisebenzisa uhlelo lokudlulisa uchungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali ukudlulisa amantongomane kusuka endaweni yokugcwalisa kuya endaweni yokupakisha. Izici zokuhlanzeka nezingenobuthi zamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamantongomane ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwalisa, kuyilapho ukumelana kwawo nokugqwala kuwenza akwazi ukumelana nezinto ezi-acidic kumantongomane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zamandla aphezulu zamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ziwenza akwazi ukuthwala isisindo samantongomane, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwenqubo yokudlulisa.

4. Isicelo kuzixhumanisi zokubhaka
4.1 Ukubhaka isinkwa
Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali adlala indima ebalulekile enkambisweni yokubhaka isinkwa, futhi izinzuzo zawo zokusebenza ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, inhlanzeko kanye nokuqina kwenqubo yokubhaka.

Ukusetshenziswa emishinini yokubhaka: Emishinini yokubhaka isinkwa, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthwala isinkwa. Isibonelo, ibhikawozi elikhulu lisebenzisa uhlelo lokuhambisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ukuthwala isinkwa sisuka endaweni yokubhaka siye endaweni yokubhaka, sinamandla okuthwala afinyelela ku-20 amathani ngehora. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kuzenza zikwazi ukusebenza kahle endaweni yokushisa ephezulu yemishini yokubhaka, futhi ngokuvamile zingamelana namazinga okushisa okubhaka afinyelela ku-250°C, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesinkwa ngesikhathi sokubhaka.
Ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha kokudla: Izici zokuhlanzeka nokungabi nobuthi zamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka zemboni yokucubungula ukudla futhi ngeke zibangele ukungcola esinkweni. Ubuso baso obubushelelezi kulula ukubuhlanza, okungavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamagciwane futhi kuqinisekise ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha kwesinkwa ngesikhathi sokubhaka.

Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza: Amandla aphezulu kanye nezici zomsindo ophansi zamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ziwenza akwazi ukuhlala eqinile ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside, okunciphisa isikhathi sokugcinwa kwemishini kanye nezinga lokwehluleka. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kokubhaka isinkwa, kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezindleko zokusebenza kwamabhizinisi.

4.2 Ukubhaka inyama
Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi enqubweni yokubhaka inyama, futhi izinzuzo zawo zokusebenza ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, inhlanzeko kanye nokuqina kwenqubo yokubhaka inyama.

Ukusetshenziswa ekucubungulweni kwesoseji: Enqubweni yokucubungula isoseji, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthwala amasoseji. Isibonelo, isitshalo sokucubungula isoseji sisebenzisa uhlelo lokuhambisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ukuthwala amasoseji kusukela emgqeni wokugcwalisa kuya endaweni yokusebenzela yokubhema. Ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nezici zamandla aphezulu zezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kuzenza zikwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuhle ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside, kuyilapho izici zazo zokuhlanzeka nokungabi nobuthi ziqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha kwamasoseji ngesikhathi sokubhaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kuzenza zikwazi ukusebenza kahle enqubweni yokubhema isoseji, futhi ngokuvamile zingamelana namazinga okushisa okubhaka afinyelela ku-200°C.

Ukusetshenziswa ekucubungulweni kwemikhiqizo yenyama: Emabhizinisini okucubungula imikhiqizo yenyama, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha imikhiqizo efana ne-ham kanye ne-barbecue. Isibonelo, isitshalo sokucubungula inyama sisebenzisa uhlelo lokuhambisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ukuthutha i-ham isuka endaweni yokupheka iye endaweni yokubhaka. Ukumelana nokugqwala kanye namandla aphezulu ezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kwenza ikwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuhle ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside, kuyilapho izakhiwo zayo zokuhlanzeka nezingabuthi ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuhlanzeka kwemikhiqizo yenyama ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kwenza ikwazi ukusebenza kahle endaweni yokushisa ephezulu yemishini yokubhaka inyama, futhi ngokuvamile ingamelana namazinga okushisa okubhaka afinyelela ku-180°C.

Ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha kokudla: Izici zokuhlanzeka nokungabi nobuthi zochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka zemboni yokucubungula ukudla futhi ngeke zingcolise imikhiqizo yenyama. Ubuso bayo obubushelelezi kulula ukubuhlanza, okungavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamagciwane futhi kuqinisekise ukuphepha kokuhlanzeka kwemikhiqizo yenyama ngesikhathi sokubhaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana nokugqwala kochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali kwenza lukwazi ukumelana nezinto ezine-asidi emikhiqizweni yenyama, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla.

5. Isicelo kusixhumanisi sokuqandisa
5.1 Ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuqandisiwe
Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kokudla okuqandisiwe, futhi izinzuzo zawo zokusebenza ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, inhlanzeko kanye nokuzinza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza.

Ukusetshenziswa emathanjeni aqandisa ngokushesha: Emathanjeni aqandisa ngokushesha, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha ukudla, njengama-dumplings, amabhola elayisi agcwele, ukudla kwasolwandle, izithelo nemifino. Isibonelo, ifektri enkulu yokudla eqandisiwe ngokushesha isebenzisa uhlelo lokuhambisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ukuthutha ukudla kusuka endaweni yokucubungula kuya emthanjeni oqandisa ngokushesha, olunamandla okuhambisa afinyelela ku-30 ​​tons ngehora. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kwenza ukuthi ikwazi ukugcina amandla nokuqina emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu ngaphandle kobuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zokuhlanzeka nezingenobuthi zezintambo zensimbi engagqwali zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka zemboni yokucubungula ukudla futhi ngeke zibangele ukungcola ekudleni.

Ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha kokudla: Ubuso bochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali bubushelelezi futhi kulula ukubuhlanza, okungavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamagciwane futhi kuqinisekise ukuphepha kokudla okuhlanzekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokubanda. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuyenza ikwazi ukumelana nezinto ezine-asidi ekudleni, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla.

Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza: Amandla aphezulu nomsindo ophansi wochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali luyenza ikwazi ukuhlala izinzile ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside, okunciphisa isikhathi sokugcinwa kwemishini kanye nezinga lokwehluleka. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kokudla okuqandisiwe, kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezindleko zokusebenza zamabhizinisi.

5.2 Ukuthutha okuqandisiwe
Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuthuthweni okuqandisiwe, futhi izinzuzo zawo zokusebenza ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, inhlanzeko kanye nokuzinza kwenqubo yokuthutha.

Ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqandisiwe: Ezindaweni eziqandisiwe, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa nokuthutha ukudla. Isibonelo, inkampani enkulu yezokuthutha yezintambo ezibandayo isebenzisa uhlelo lokulungisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ukulungisa ukudla ezindaweni eziqandisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi kwezintambo zensimbi engagqwali kubenza bakwazi ukugcina amandla nokuqina endaweni ephansi yokushisa kwezindawo eziqandisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zokuhlanzeka nezingenobuthi zezintambo zensimbi engagqwali zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka kwemboni yokucubungula ukudla futhi ngeke zibangele ukungcola ekudleni.

Ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha kokudla: Ubuso bezintambo zensimbi engagqwali bubushelelezi futhi kulula ukubuhlanza, okungavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamagciwane futhi kuqinisekise ukuphepha kokudla ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuyenza ikwazi ukumelana nezinto ezine-asidi ekudleni, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla.

Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha: Amandla aphezulu kanye nezici zomsindo ophansi zamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ziwenza akwazi ukuhlala eqinile ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside, okunciphisa isikhathi sokugcinwa kwemishini kanye nezinga lokwehluleka. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha eziqandisiwe, kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezindleko zokusebenza zamabhizinisi.

6. Izidingo zokuhlanza kanye nokuhlanzeka
6.1 Ukuhlanza indawo
Uma kusetshenziswa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali embonini yokucubungula ukudla, ukuhlanza indawo kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokuhlanzeka. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula ukudla, indawo yezintambo ithambekele ekugcotshweni ngamafutha, uthuli, izinsalela zokudla kanye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Uma lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zingahlanzwa ngesikhathi, zingazala amabhaktheriya futhi zibangele ukungcola kokudla.

Indlela yokuhlanza: Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amanzi afudumele anensipho ekuhlanzeni. Le ndlela ithambile futhi iyasebenza futhi ingasusa iningi lokungcola ebusweni beketanga. Kumabala okunzima ukuwahlanza, ungasebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile ukuze uhlanze ngobumnene, kodwa gwema ukusebenzisa ibhulashi eliqinile ukuze ugweme ukuklwebha ubuso beketanga. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanza, kufanele futhi unake izikhala phakathi kwezixhumanisi zeketanga. Lezi zingxenye zivame ukunqwabelana ukungcola futhi zingahlanzwa ngebhulashi lamazinyo elidala

Imvamisa yokuhlanza: Kuye ngendawo ethile yokucubungula ukudla kanye nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kweketanga, ngokuvamile kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlanza okuphelele nsuku zonke noma ngemva kokushintsha ngakunye. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ezingcolile kakhulu, imvamisa yokuhlanza kufanele ikhuliswe ngokufanele

Ukwelashwa kokomisa: Ngemva kokuhlanza, kumele kuhlanzwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese kusulwa ngomshini wokomisa izinwele noma ngendwangu ehlanzekile yekotini. Ukugcina ubuso beketanga lomile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukugqwala nokukhula kwamagciwane.
Ukuhlolwa okuvamile: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanza, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlola njalo ukuthi iketanga lonakele noma likhubazekile. Uma sekutholakale imifantu, ukuguguleka okukhulu nezinye izinkinga kuketanga, kufanele lishintshwe ngesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwenqubo yokucubungula ukudla.

6.2 Ukumelana nokugqwala
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali kungenye yezizathu ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwawo kabanzi embonini yokucubungula ukudla. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula ukudla, amaketanga avame ukuvezwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ze-acidic, alkaline noma ezinomswakama, okubeka isidingo esikhulu ekumelaneni nokugqwala kwamaketanga.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto: Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali avame ukwenziwa ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304 noma engu-316L. Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 iqukethe ingxenye enkulu ye-chromium kanye ne-nickel, okwenza imelane ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala ezindaweni eziningi. Ngalesi sisekelo, insimbi engagqwali engu-316L inezela i-molybdenum (Mo), ethuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nemigodi, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ezine-acidic kanye ne-alkaline ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekucubunguleni ukudla.

Ukusebenza kwangempela kokusetshenziswa: Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kokucubungula ukudla, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zibonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala. Isibonelo, ezindaweni zokusebenzela zokucubungula inyama, lapho izintambo zihlala endaweni enomswakama futhi enosawoti isikhathi eside, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ezingama-316L zingamelana ngempumelelo nokugqwala futhi zibe nokuphila kweminyaka eminingana. Ezindaweni zokusebenzela zokugcwalisa iziphuzo, lapho izintambo zivezwa khona ezintweni ezine-asidi eziphuzweni, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ezingama-304 nazo zingahlala zizinzile futhi ngeke zithinte ukuphepha kokudla ngenxa yokugqwala.
Izindlela zokulungisa: Nakuba izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zinokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, izinyathelo ezithile zokulungisa zisadingeka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Susa njalo ukugqwala nokungcola ebusweni bentambo, kungaba ngamakhemikhali noma ngokomzimba. Isibonelo, sebenzisa isihlanzi esine-asidi njengeviniga emhlophe noma ujusi kalamula ukuze usifake ekugqwaleni, usivumele sime isikhashana, bese usihlanza ngamanzi ahlanzekile; noma sebenzisa iphepha lokusanti, amabhulashi ensimbi kanye namanye amathuluzi okuhlafuna ngomshini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina ubuso bentambo bomile nakho kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukugqwala

Umthelela ekuphepheni kokudla: Ukumelana nokugqwala kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali akugcini nje ngokwandisa impilo yesevisi yeketanga, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, iketanga ngeke likhiqize ukugqwala noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi ngenxa yokugqwala, ngaleyo ndlela ligweme ukungcola kokudla. Lokhu kubalulekile embonini yokucubungula ukudla, ngoba ukuphepha nokuhlanzeka kokudla kuyindlela yokuphila yebhizinisi.

7. Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali

7.1 Ukuhlolwa okuvamile
Ukuhlolwa njalo kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nangokuphephile kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali embonini yokucubungula ukudla. Ngokuhlolwa njalo, izinkinga ezingaba khona zeketanga zingatholakala ngesikhathi, ukwehluleka kungavinjelwa, impilo yesevisi yeketanga ingandiswa, futhi ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini yokucubungula ukudla kungaqinisekiswa.

Imvamisa yokuhlola: Ngokwemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kanye nendawo yokusebenza yemishini yokucubungula ukudla, kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele njalo ngesonto noma njalo emavikini amabili. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu, ukungcola okuphezulu noma ukusetshenziswa okunamandla kakhulu, imvamisa yokuhlola kufanele ikhuliswe ngokufanele
Okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa:
Ukubukeka kweketanga: Hlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukugqwala, ukuguguleka, imihuzuko, ukuguquka kanye nezinye izinkinga ebusweni beketanga. Ukugqwala kungabangela ukuthi amandla eketanga anciphe, ukuguguleka kungathinta ukunemba kokudluliselwa kweketanga, imihuzuko kanye nokuguquka kungabangela ukuthi iketanga liqhekeke noma liqhekeke, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini yokucubungula ukudla.

Ukuqina kweketanga: Ukuqina kweketanga kufanele kube okulinganiselwe. Ukuqina kakhulu kuzokwandisa ukucindezeleka kweketanga, okuholela ekugugeni okukhulu kweketanga kanye ne-sprocket; ukukhululeka kakhulu kungabangela ukuthi iketanga ligxume amazinyo noma liwe. Ngokuvamile, ukugoba kweketanga kufanele kulawulwe phakathi kuka-1% no-2% webanga eliphakathi kwe-sprocket. I-chain tensioner ingalungiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iketanga liqine kahle.
Izingxenye zokuxhumanisa iketanga: Hlola ukuthi izikhonkwane zokuxhumanisa iketanga, amapuleti eketanga nezinye izingxenye zikhululekile, zigugile noma zonakele. Ukuxega kwezingxenye zokuxhumanisa kungabangela ukudlidliza okungavamile noma ukuwa kweketanga ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okuthinta ukuzinza nokuphepha kwemishini yokucubungula ukudla.
Isimo se-Sprocket: Hlola ukuthi ngabe ubuso bezinyo le-sprocket bugugile, bukhubazekile noma bonakalisile yini amazinyo. Ukuguguleka kwe-sprocket kuzothinta ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela kanye nokunemba kweketanga, futhi kungabangela ukuthi iketanga liwe noma liphuke. Uma i-sprocket itholakala ukuthi igugile kakhulu, kufanele ishintshwe ngesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kweketanga.
Indlela yokuhlola: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlola, kungasetshenziswa amathuluzi asizayo afana nezibuko zokukhulisa, ama-caliper, kanye nama-feeler gauges. Ingilazi yokukhulisa ingasiza ekubhekeni imifantu emincane kanye nokuguguleka ebusweni beketanga; i-caliper ingalinganisa ukuphakama kweketanga, ubukhulu bepuleti leketanga kanye nezinye izilinganiso ukuze inqume ukuthi ngabe iketanga ligqokwe ngaphezu kwendinganiso; i-feeler gauge ingalinganisa igebe le-meshing phakathi kweketanga kanye ne-sprocket ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokudluliselwa kweketanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubukeka nokuqina kweketanga kungahlolwa kusengaphambili ngokuhlola okubonakalayo kanye nokuthinta ngesandla.

Irekhodi kanye nokuhlaziywa: Ngemva kokuhlolwa ngakunye, imiphumela yokuhlola kufanele iqoshwe ngokuningiliziwe, okuhlanganisa ukubukeka, ukuqina, izinga lokuguguleka, izinkinga ezitholakele kanye nezindlela zokwelapha iketanga. Ngokuhlaziya amarekhodi okuhlola, isimo sokusetshenziswa kanye nemithetho yokuguguleka kweketanga kungaqondwa kahle, kuhlinzekwe isisekelo sokwakha uhlelo lokunakekela olufanele kanye nomjikelezo wokushintsha. Isibonelo, uma kutholakala ukuthi iketanga livame ukuguguleka noma lonakele engxenyeni ethile, imbangela ingahlaziywa, njengokuthi ngabe lihlobene nemodi yokusebenza kwemishini, indawo yokufaka iketanga noma indawo yokusebenza, ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ezifanele.

7.2 Ukuvimbela ukugcotshwa nokugqwala
Ukugcoba nokuvimbela ukugqwala kuyizixhumanisi ezibalulekile ekugcinweni kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali. Kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguguleka kweketanga, kwandise impilo yesevisi yeketanga, kuvimbele iketanga ekugqwaleni, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini yokucubungula ukudla kanye nokuphepha kokudla.

Ukubaluleka kokugcoba: Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali, kuzokwenzeka ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezixhumanisi zeketanga naphakathi kochungechunge kanye ne-sprocket. Ukugcoba kunganciphisa i-friction coefficient futhi kunciphise ukuguguleka kochungechunge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcoba kungasusa nokushisa okukhiqizwa yiketanga ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kuvimbele iketanga ukuthi lingaguquki noma lonakale ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile. Embonini yokucubungula ukudla, njengoba iketanga livame ukuxhumana nokudla, kubalulekile ukukhetha ukugcoba okuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka kokudla ukuvimbela ukugcoba ukuthi kungangcolisi ukudla.

Indlela yokugcoba:

Ukugcotshwa ngesandla: Kweminye imishini yokucubungula ukudla emincane noma eshesha kancane, ukugcotshwa ngesandla kungasetshenziswa. Sebenzisa uwoyela wokugcoba wezinga lokudla noma igrisi ukufaka igrisi ezinhlanganisweni zeketanga, amaphini, amapuleti eketanga nakwezinye izingxenye zeketanga. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka, qiniseka ukuthi igrisi isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ukuze ugweme ukugcotshwa emakhoneni afile. Izinzuzo zokugcotshwa ngesandla ukusebenza okulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi, kodwa kudingeka kwenziwe njalo, futhi umphumela wokugcotshwa uthintwa kakhulu ngumsebenzisi.

Uhlelo lokugcoba oluzenzakalelayo: Kumishini yokucubungula ukudla emikhulu noma esheshayo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokugcoba oluzenzakalelayo. Uhlelo lokugcoba oluzenzakalelayo lungafafaza amafutha okugcoba eketangeni ngesikhathi esifanele nangendlela eningi ngokwezimo zokusebenza kwemishini kanye nezidingo zokugcoba zeketangeni. Inzuzo yale ndlela yokugcoba ukuthi umphumela wokugcoba uzinzile futhi uyafana, okunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguguleka kweketangeni futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuthembeka kwemishini. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokufaka nokulungisa uhlelo lokugcoba oluzenzakalelayo ziphezulu, futhi ukusebenza kwesistimu yokugcoba kudinga ukuhlolwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amafutha okugcoba anikezwa ngokwanele futhi afuthwa ngendlela evamile.

Ukukhetha amafutha okugcoba: Embonini yokucubungula ukudla, kubalulekile ukukhetha amafutha okugcoba afanele. Amafutha okugcoba kufanele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka kokudla, angabi nobuthi, anganuki, futhi angabangela ukungcola ekudleni. Amafutha okugcoba avamile asezingeni lokudla afaka amafutha okugcoba asezingeni lokudla, amafutha okugcoba, kanye namafutha okugcoba aqinile. Amafutha okugcoba asezingeni lokudla anokugeleza okuhle nokuvuleka kahle, futhi angangena ngokushesha kuzo zonke izingxenye zochungechunge ukuze anciphise ukungqubuzana nokuguguleka; amafutha anokunamathela okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zokuvala, futhi angakha ifilimu evikelayo ebusweni bochungechunge ukuvimbela uchungechunge ukuthi lungagqwali ngenxa yokuxhumana nendawo yangaphandle; amafutha okugcoba aqinile njenge-graphite kanye ne-molybdenum disulfide angasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu, umthwalo ophezulu noma ezingenawo uwoyela, kodwa umphumela wawo wokugcoba mubi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile udinga ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinye izinto zokugcoba. Lapho ukhetha amafutha okugcoba, kufanele kucatshangelwe kabanzi izici ezifana nesivinini sokusebenza, izinga lokushisa, kanye nomthwalo wochungechunge. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu, kufanele kukhethwe amafutha okugcoba anokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu; Emishinini esebenza ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu, kufanele kukhethwe amafutha anomthamo omkhulu womthwalo

Izindlela zokuvimbela ukugqwala:

Ukwelashwa kobuso: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza uchungechunge, ubuso beketanga buvame ukupholishwa kahle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqeda kobuso beketanga futhi kuncishiswe ubulukhuni bobuso beketanga. Ubuso obubushelelezi bunganciphisa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kweketanga nendawo engaphandle futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokugqwala kochungechunge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuso beketanga bungafakwa futhi, njenge-chrome plating, i-nickel plating, njll., ukuze kwakhiwe ifilimu evikelayo ukuvimbela uchungechunge ekugqwaleni. Ukwelashwa nge-plating akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kochungechunge, kodwa futhi kwandisa ubuhle beketanga

Ukuhlanza njalo: Ukugcina ubuso beketanga buhlanzekile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela iketanga ukuthi lingagqwali. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula ukudla, ubuso beketanga buvame ukuba nezinto ezingcolisayo ezifana namafutha, uthuli, kanye nezinsalela zokudla. Uma lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zingahlanzwa ngesikhathi, zingase zizale amagciwane futhi zibangele ukugqwala kweketanga. Ngakho-ke, iketanga kufanele lihlanzwe njalo ngamanzi afudumele anensipho noma insipho yokudla ukuze kususwe izinto ezingcolisayo ebusweni beketanga. Ngemva kokuhlanza, kumele lihlanzwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese lisulwa lome nge-hairdryer noma ngendwangu ehlanzekile yekotoni. Ukugcina ubuso beketanga bome kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela ukugqwala.

Isitoreji esifanele: Uma iketanga lingasetshenziswa, kufanele ligcinwe endaweni yegesi eyomile, enomoya, engaboli. Gwema ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kweketanga emswakama, ekushiseni okuphezulu noma ezindaweni zegesi eziboli, okuzosheshisa ukugqwala kweketanga. Uma iketanga lidinga ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, ungafaka ungqimba lwamafutha okulwa nokugqwala endaweni yokudla bese ulisonga ngefilimu yepulasitiki ukuvimbela iketanga ukuthi lingagqwali ngenxa yokuthinta indawo yangaphandle.

Izinyathelo zokulungisa:
Gwema ukusebenzisa amafutha okugcoba angafanele: Embonini yokucubungula ukudla, akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa amafutha okugcoba angewona awezinga lokudla. Ama-mafuta okugcoba angewona awezinga lokudla angase abe nezinto eziyingozi, ezizongcolisa ukudla futhi zithinte ukuphepha kokudla. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezingewona awezinga lokudla, amafutha okugcoba angewona awezinga lokudla kufanele agwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuvinjelwe amafutha okugcoba ukuthi angachitheki noma angene ezindaweni ezithinta ukudla.
Shintsha amaketanga agugile ngesikhathi esifanele: Uma iketanga ligugile kakhulu, njengalapho iphimbo leketanga lelulwa ngaphezu kuka-3% wobude bokuqala, noma lapho amapuleti eketanga, amaphini nezinye izingxenye zeketanga zigugile ngokusobala, zigugile noma zonakele, iketanga kufanele lishintshwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa amaketanga agugile kakhulu ngeke kuthinte kuphela ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunemba kwemishini yokucubungula ukudla, kodwa kungabangela nokuthi iketanga liphuke futhi libangele izingozi zokuphepha.
Abasebenzi bokulungisa abangochwepheshe: Ukugcinwa kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali kufanele kwenziwe ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe. Baye baqeqeshwa ngochwepheshe, bajwayelene nesakhiwo, ukusebenza kanye nezidingo zokugcinwa kweketanga, bangahlulela ngokunembile isimo seketanga, futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokugcinwa. Lapho abangebona ochwepheshe benza ukulungiswa, bangalimaza iketanga noma imishini ngenxa yokusebenza okungafanele, noma babangele ngisho nezingozi zokuphepha.