Amaphutha Okushintshwa Kwe-Roller Chain

Amaphutha Okushintshwa Kwe-Roller Chain

Ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa zezimboni,amaketanga okugoqa, ngokusebenza kahle kwazo okuphezulu kanye nomthamo oqinile wokuthwala imithwalo, sezibe yizingxenye ezibalulekile ezimayini, ekukhiqizeni, kwezolimo, nakweminye imikhakha. Ama-Weld, njengokuxhumana okubalulekile phakathi kwezixhumanisi zama-roller chain, anquma ngqo impilo yesevisi ye-chain kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza kwayo. Kubathengi baphesheya kwezilwandle, amaphutha e-roller chain weld awakwazi nje kuphela ukubangela ukungasebenzi kwemishini kanye nokuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi angaholela ezingozini zokuphepha kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphezulu. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kwezinhlobo, izimbangela, izindlela zokuthola, kanye namasu okuvimbela amaphutha e-roller chain weld, okuhlinzeka ngereferensi yobungcweti yokuthengwa nokukhiqiza kwezentengiselwano zakwamanye amazwe.

I. Izinhlobo Ezivamile Nezingozi Zezinkinga Zokushisela I-Roller Chain

Ukuxhumeka kwe-roller chain weld kumele kubhekane nezinselele eziningi zemithwalo eguquguqukayo, ukungqubuzana, kanye nokugqwala kwemvelo. Amaphutha avamile, avame ukufihlwa ngaphansi kokubukeka okubonakala kuphelele, angaba yimbangela yokwehluleka kwe-chain.

(I) Imifantu: Isandulelo Sokuphuka Kweketanga
Imifantu ingenye yeziphambeko eziyingozi kakhulu kuma-roller chain welds futhi ingahlukaniswa njengemifantu eshisayo noma imifantu ebandayo ngokusekelwe ekutheni ikhula nini. Imifantu eshisayo ivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, okubangelwa ukupholisa okusheshayo kwensimbi yokushisela kanye namazinga amaningi okungcola (njengesulfur ne-phosphorus), okuholela ekuqhekekeni okuqhekekayo emingceleni yokusanhlamvu. Imifantu ebandayo yakha amahora kuya ezinsukwini ngemva kokushisela, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemiphumela ehlangene yokucindezeleka okusele kwe-weld kanye nesakhiwo esiqinile sensimbi eyisisekelo. Lezi ziphantu zinganciphisa kakhulu amandla okushisela. Ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa ezisheshayo, imifantu ingasakazeka ngokushesha, ekugcineni ibangele ukuthi iketanga liphuke, okuholela ekuminyaneni kwemishini ngisho nokulimala.

(II) Ukubhoboka: Indawo Eshisayo Yokugqwala Nokukhathala

Ukugobeka kwama-weld kubangelwa amagesi (njenge-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, kanye ne-carbon monoxide) afakwe ngesikhathi sokushisela ahluleka ukuphuma ngesikhathi. Ukugobeka ngokuvamile kubonakala njengemigodi eyindilinga noma eyindilinga ebusweni noma ngaphakathi kwe-weld. Ukugobeka akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukuqina kwe-weld futhi kungaholela ekuvuvukeni kwamafutha, kodwa futhi kuphazamisa ukuqhubeka kwensimbi futhi kwandisa amaphuzu okuhlushwa kokucindezeleka. Ezindaweni zezimboni ezinomswakama nothuli, ama-pores aba iziteshi zokungena kwemidiya egqwalisayo, okusheshisa ukugobeka kwe-weld. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwemithwalo ejikelezayo, ukukhathala kwakheka kalula emaphethelweni ama-pores, kufinyeze kakhulu impilo yenkonzo ye-roller chain.

(III) Ukuntuleka Kokungena/Ukuntuleka Kokuhlanganiswa: “Indawo Ebuthakathaka” Yokunganeli Kwamandla
Ukuntuleka kokungena kubhekisela ekuhlanganisweni okungaphelele empandeni yokushisela, kanti ukuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa kubhekisela ekungabikho kokubopha okusebenzayo phakathi kwensimbi yokushisela kanye nensimbi eyisisekelo noma phakathi kwezingqimba zokushisela. Zombili izinhlobo zeziphambeko zivela ngenxa yokunganeli kwamandla okushisela, isivinini esikhulu sokushisela, noma ukulungiswa komsele ongaphansi kwesilinganiso, okuholela ekushiseni okunganele kokushisela kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwensimbi okunganele. Amaketanga okujikijela analezi ziphambeko anamandla omthwalo wokushisela angu-30%-60% kuphela walawo emikhiqizo efanelekile. Ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-weld kungenzeka kakhulu, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kweketanga kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi komugqa wokukhiqiza.

(IV) Ukufakwa Kwe-Slag: “Umbulali Ongabonakali” Wokuwohloka Kokusebenza
Ukufakwa kwe-slag kuyizinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezakhiwe ngaphakathi kwe-weld ngesikhathi sokushisela, lapho i-slag encibilikisiwe ihluleka ukukhuphukela ngokuphelele ebusweni be-weld. Ukufakwa kwe-slag kuphazamisa ukuqhubeka kwe-metallurgical ye-weld, kunciphisa ukuqina kwayo kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, futhi kusebenza njengomthombo wokugxila kokucindezeleka. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside, imifantu emincane cishe izokwakheka nxazonke kwe-slag inclusions, okusheshisa ukuguguleka kwe-weld, okuholela ekwandiseni iphimbo leketanga, kuthinte ukunemba kokudlulisela, futhi kubangele ngisho nokungahlangani kahle ne-sprocket.

II. Ukulandelela Impande: Ukuhlaziya Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zokukhubazeka Kwe-Roller Chain Weld

Amaphutha okushisela uchungechunge lwe-roller awawona angozi kodwa abangelwa yizici eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwezinto, ukulawulwa kwenqubo, kanye nesimo semishini. Ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni okukhulu, ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane kwamapharamitha kungaholela ezinkingeni zekhwalithi ezisakazekile.

(I) Izinto Ezibonakalayo: “Umugqa Wokuqala Wokuvikela” Wokulawula Umthombo

Ikhwalithi Yezinto Eziyisisekelo Ezingaphansi Kwezinga Elifanele: Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, abanye abakhiqizi bakhetha insimbi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwekhabhoni noma ukungcola njengezinto eziyisisekelo ze-roller chain. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi alukwazi ukushibilika kahle, luvame ukuqhekeka kanye nokugoba ngesikhathi sokushibilika, futhi alunawo amandla anele esibopho phakathi kokushibilika kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo. Ukuhambisana okungekuhle kwezinto zokushibilika: Inkinga evamile ukungafani phakathi kokwakheka kwenduku yokushibilika noma ucingo nezinto eziyisisekelo. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa ucingo olujwayelekile lwensimbi olunekhabhoni ephansi lapho kushibilika uchungechunge lwensimbi olune-alloy enamandla aphezulu kungabangela ukushibilika okunamandla aphansi kunezinto eziyisisekelo, okudala "isibopho esibuthakathaka." Umswakama ezintweni zokushibilika (isb., umswakama odonswa yinduku yokushibilika) ungakhipha i-hydrogen ngesikhathi sokushibilika, okubangela ukugoba kanye nokuqhekeka okubandayo.

(II) Izici Zenqubo: “Iziguquguquko Eziyinhloko” Zenqubo Yokukhiqiza

Amapharamitha Okushisela Angalawulwa: Ugesi wamanje, i-voltage, kanye nesivinini yizona zinhlaka eziyinhloko ezinquma ikhwalithi yokushisela. Ugesi omncane kakhulu ubangela ukushisa okunganele, okungaholela kalula ekungeneni okungaphelele kanye nokuntuleka kokuhlangana. Ugesi omningi kakhulu ushisa kakhulu izinto eziyisisekelo, okubangela okusanhlamvu okuqinile kanye nokuqhekeka kokushisa. Isivinini esikhulu sokushisela sifinyeza isikhathi sokupholisa sechibi lokushisela, sivimbele amagesi kanye ne-slag ukuthi ingaphumi, okuholela ekufakweni kwe-porosity kanye ne-slag. Ugesi ongasebenzi kahle kanye nokuhlanza: I-angle encane kakhulu ye-groove kanye nezikhala ezingalingani kunganciphisa ukungena kwe-weld, okuholela ekungeneni okungaphelele. Ukwehluleka ukuhlanza ngokuphelele ubuso be-groove kusuka ku-oyili, ukugqwala, kanye nesikali kungadala igesi kanye nokungcola ngesikhathi sokushisela, okuholela ekufakweni kwe-porosity kanye ne-slag.
Ukulandelana kokushisela okungafanele: Ekukhiqizweni okukhulu, ukwehluleka ukulandela izimiso zokulandelana kokushisela “ukushisela okulinganayo” kanye “nokushisela okubuyele emuva” kungaholela ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu okusele kuchungechunge lokushisela, okungabangela ukuqhekeka nokubanda kanye nokuguquka.

(III) Izinto Zokusebenza Nezemvelo: “Imiphumela Efihliwe” Engabhekwa Kalula

Ukunemba okunganele kwemishini yokushisela: Imishini yokushisela emidala ingakhiqiza ukuphuma kwamandla kagesi kanye ne-voltage okungazinzile, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-weld okungahambisani futhi kwandise amathuba okuba neziphambeko. Ukwehluleka kwendlela yokulungisa i-angle yesibhamu sokushisela kungathinta ukunemba kwesikhundla se-weld, okuholela ekuhlanganisweni okungaphelele.

Ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo: Ukushisela endaweni enomswakama (umswakama ohlobene >80%), enomoya, noma enothuli kungabangela umswakama emoyeni ukuthi ungene echibini lokushisela, kudale ama-hydrogen pores. Umoya ungasabalalisa i-arc, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokushisa. Uthuli lungangena kushisela, lwakhe i-slag inclusions.

III. Ukuhlolwa Okunembile: Izindlela Zokuthola Ochwepheshe Zokukhubazeka Kwe-Roller Chain Weld

Kubathengi, ukutholwa kwezinkinga zokushisela okunembile kuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa izingozi zokuthengwa; kubakhiqizi, ukuhlola okuphumelelayo kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yefektri. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa kwezimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinzuzo zezindlela ezimbili zokuhlola ezijwayelekile.

(I) Ukuhlolwa Okungabhubhisi (NDT): “Ukuxilongwa Okunembile” ngaphandle Kokubhubhisa Umkhiqizo

I-NDT ithola amaphutha angaphakathi nangaphandle kuma-welds ngaphandle kokulimaza isakhiwo se-roller chain, okwenza kube yindlela ekhethwayo yokuhlola ikhwalithi yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthola amasampula okukhiqiza amaqoqo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT): Kufanelekile ukuthola amaphutha okushibilika kwangaphakathi njengokuqhekeka, ukungena okungaphelele, kanye nokufakwa kwe-slag. Ukujula kokutholwa kwayo kungafinyelela kusuka kumamilimitha amaningana kuya kwamashumi amamilimitha, ngesisombululo esiphezulu, okuvumela indawo enembile nosayizi wamaphutha. Kufanelekile kakhulu ukuhlola ama-weld kumaketanga e-roller aqinile, ukuthola ngempumelelo amaphutha angaphakathi afihliwe. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Penetrant (PT): Ukuhlolwa kwe-Penetrant kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-penetrant ebusweni be-weld, kusetshenziswa umphumela we-capillary ukuveza amaphutha okuvula ubuso (njengemifantu nama-pores). Kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ishibhile, okwenza ifaneleke ukuhlola ama-roller chain weld anomphetho ophezulu wobuso.
Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Radiographic (RT): Imisebe ye-X noma ye-gamma isetshenziselwa ukungena ku-weld, iveze amaphutha angaphakathi ngokuthwebula izithombe zefilimu. Le ndlela ingabonisa ngokubonakalayo ukuma nokusatshalaliswa kwamaphutha futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamaqoqo abalulekile amaketanga okugoqa. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela iyabiza futhi idinga ukuvikelwa kwemisebe efanele.

(II) Ukuhlolwa Okubhubhisayo: "Ukuhlolwa Okuphezulu" Kokuqinisekisa Ukusebenza Okuphezulu

Ukuhlola okubhubhisayo kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwemishini kwamasampula. Nakuba le ndlela ibhubhisa umkhiqizo, ingaveza ngqo amandla angempela okuthwala umthwalo we-weld futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kohlobo ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesisindo.

Ukuhlolwa Kokunamathela: Amasampula ezixhumanisi zeketanga aqukethe ama-welds ayelulwa ukuze kulinganiswe amandla okunamathela kanye nendawo yokuphuka kwe-weld, okunquma ngqo ukuthi i-weld inezinkinga zamandla. Ukuhlolwa Kokugoba: Ngokugoba i-weld ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze kubonwe ukuthi imifantu engaphezulu iyavela yini, ukuqina kwe-weld kanye nokuqina kwayo kuyahlolwa, kutholakale ngempumelelo imifantu emincane efihliwe kanye nokukhubazeka okubuthakathaka.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Macrometallographic: Ngemva kokupholisha nokuqopha ingxenye yesiphambano se-weld, isakhiwo esincane sibonakala ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kungabona amaphutha njengokungena okungaphelele, ukufakwa kwe-slag, kanye nezinhlamvu eziqinile, futhi kuhlaziye ukuqonda kwenqubo yokupholisha.

IV. Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela: Amasu Okuvimbela Nokulungisa Amaphutha Okushiswa Kwe-Roller Chain

Ukuze kulawulwe amaphutha okushintshwa kwe-roller chain, kubalulekile ukunamathela esimisweni esithi “ukuvimbela kuqala, ukulungisa okwesibili.” Kufanele kusungulwe uhlelo lokulawula ikhwalithi oluhlanganisa izinto zokwakha, izinqubo, kanye nokuhlolwa kuyo yonke inqubo, ngenkathi lunikeza abathengi izeluleko ezisebenzayo mayelana nokukhetha nokwamukelwa.

(I) Umkhiqizi: Ukusungula Uhlelo Lokulawula Ikhwalithi Olusebenza Ngokugcwele

Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Eziqinile Emthonjeni: Khetha insimbi esezingeni eliphezulu ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe (njenge-ISO 606) njengezinto eziyisisekelo, uqinisekise ukuthi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kanye nokuqukethwe kokungcola kungaphakathi kobubanzi bokushibilika. Izinto zokushibilika kumele zihambisane nezinto eziyisisekelo futhi zigcinwe ngendlela engangeni umswakama futhi engagqwali, zomise ngaphambi kokusebenzisa. Lungiselela izinqubo zokushibilika: Ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziyisisekelo kanye nemininingwane yeketanga, nquma amapharamitha okuhlela okushibilika (amandla kagesi, i-voltage, kanye nesivinini) ngokuhlola inqubo, bese udala amakhadi enqubo ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokuqinile. Sebenzisa imigoqo emshinini ukuqinisekisa ubukhulu bomgoqo kanye nokuhlanzeka kobuso. Khuthaza izinqubo zokushibilika ezilinganayo ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka okusele.

Qinisa ukuhlolwa kwenqubo: Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, thatha isampula engu-5%-10% yebhetshi ngayinye ukuze kuhlolwe ngendlela engonakalisi (kungcono inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kanye nokuhlolwa kokungena), bese kudingeka ukuhlolwa okungu-100% emikhiqizweni ebalulekile. Linganisa njalo imishini yokushisela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umphumela ozinzile wepharamitha uyatholakala. Misa uhlelo lokuqeqesha nokuhlola lwabaqhubi bokushisela ukuze kuthuthukiswe amazinga okusebenza.

(II) Uhlangothi Lomthengi: Izindlela Zokugwema Ingozi Zokukhetha Nokwamukela

Izindinganiso zekhwalithi ezicacile: Cacisa kwinkontileka yokuthenga ukuthi ama-roller chain welds kumele ahambisane nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke (njenge-ANSI B29.1 noma i-ISO 606), chaza indlela yokuhlola (isb., ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kwamaphutha angaphakathi, ukuhlolwa kokungena kwamaphutha ebusweni), futhi kudinge abahlinzeki ukuthi banikeze imibiko yokuhlola yekhwalithi. Amaphuzu abalulekile okwamukelwa endaweni: Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kufanele kugxile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ama-welds abushelelezi, angenazo izimbobo ezisobala kanye nokuvela, futhi awanazo iziphazamiso ezibonakalayo njengemifantu kanye nama-pores. Amasampula angakhethwa ngokungahleliwe ukuze kuhlolwe kalula ukugoba ukuze kubonwe ukungalingani kwe-weld. Kumaketanga asetshenziswa emishinini ebalulekile, kunconywa ukuthi unikeze i-ejensi yokuhlola yomuntu wesithathu ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi.

Ukukhetha umhlinzeki onokwethenjelwa: Beka phambili abahlinzeki abaqinisekiswe uhlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi lwe-ISO 9001. Hlola imishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe kanye namakhono okuhlola. Uma kudingeka, yenza ukuhlolwa kwefektri endaweni ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bezinqubo zabo zokushisela kanye nezinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi.

(III) Ukulungiswa Okuphelele Kwezinkinga: Izinhlelo Zokusabela Eziphuthumayo Zokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa

Uma kukhona amaphutha amancane atholakale ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, izinyathelo zokulungisa eziqondiwe zingasetshenziswa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kabusha kuyadingeka ngemva kokulungiswa:

Ukufakwa kwe-porosity kanye ne-slag: Uma kukhona amaphutha ebusweni obungajulile, sebenzisa i-engela grinder ukususa indawo enephutha ngaphambi kokulungisa i-weld. Amaphutha angaphakathi ajulile adinga ukutholakala nokususwa kwe-ultrasound ngaphambi kokulungisa i-weld. Ukuntuleka okuncane kwe-fusion: I-groove idinga ukunwetshwa, futhi isikali kanye nokungcola kususwe ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendawo ye-fusion. Ukulungiswa kwe-welding kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa amapharamitha afanele e-welding. Ukuhlolwa kwe-tensile kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa amandla ngemva kokulungiswa kwe-welding.
Imifantu: Imifantu kunzima ukuyilungisa. Imifantu emincane ebusweni ingasuswa ngokugaya bese ilungiswa ngokushisela. Uma ukujula kwemifantu kudlula ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yobukhulu be-weld noma kukhona ukuqhekeka, kunconywa ukuthi i-weld isuswe ngokushesha ukuze kugwenywe izingozi zokuphepha ngemva kokulungiswa.