Ama-Precision Rollers: Izindlela Ezivamile Zokwelapha Ukushisa Zamaketanga Okuphakamisa
Embonini yemishini yokuphakamisa, ukuthembeka kweketanga kuhlobene ngqo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nokusebenza kahle, futhi izinqubo zokwelapha ukushisa zibalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza okuyinhloko kweketanga lokuphakamisa, okuhlanganisa amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Njenge-"skeleton" yeketanga,amaroli anembile, kanye nezingxenye ezifana nama-chain plate nama-pin, zidinga ukwelashwa okufanele kokushisa ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima njengokuphakamisa okusindayo nokusebenza njalo. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kwezindlela zokwelapha ukushisa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuphakamisa amaketanga, sihlole izimiso zenqubo yazo, izinzuzo zokusebenza, kanye nezimo ezifanele, sinikeze ochwepheshe bemboni inkomba yokukhetha nokusetshenziswa.
1. Ukwelashwa Kokushisa: "Umklami" Wokusebenza Kweketanga Lokuphakamisa
Amaketanga okuphakamisa avame ukukhiqizwa ngezinsimbi zesakhiwo ze-alloy ezisezingeni eliphezulu (njenge-20Mn2, 23MnNiMoCr54, njll.), futhi ukwelashwa ngokushisa kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zemishini zalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa. Izingxenye zamaketanga ezingakaphathwa ngokushisa zinobunzima obuphansi kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka okubi, futhi zithambekele ekuguqukeni noma ekuqhekekeni kwepulasitiki lapho zicindezelekile. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa okuklanywe ngokwesayensi, ngokulawula izinqubo zokushisa, ukubamba, kanye nokupholisa, kushintsha isakhiwo sangaphakathi sezinto, kufezwe "ibhalansi yamandla nokuqina" - amandla aphezulu okubekezelela ukucindezeleka kokucindezelwa kanye nokuthinteka, kodwa ukuqina okwanele ukugwema ukuphuka okuqhekekayo, ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa nokuguguleka kwendawo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
Kuma-roller anembile, ukwelashwa kokushisa kudinga ukunemba okuphezulu nakakhulu: njengezingxenye ezibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni iketanga ne-sprocket, ama-roller kumele aqinisekise ukuhambisana okunembile phakathi kobulukhuni bomphezulu nokuqina kwengaphakathi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuguguleka nokuqhekeka kusenesikhathi kungenzeka, kubeke engcupheni ukuzinza kokudluliselwa kweketanga lonke. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha inqubo efanele yokwelashwa kokushisa kuyimfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithwalo ithwala umthwalo ephephile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside yokuphakamisa amaketanga.
II. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindlela Ezinhlanu Ezivamile Zokwelapha Ukushisa Kwezintambo Zokuphakamisa
(I) Ukucima Konke + Ukushisa Okuphezulu (Ukucima Nokushisa): "Izinga Legolide" Lokusebenza Okuyisisekelo
Isimiso Senqubo: Izingxenye zeketanga (ama-link plate, ama-pin, ama-rollers, njll.) zishiswa zifike ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kwe-Ac3 (insimbi ye-hypoeutectoid) noma i-Ac1 (insimbi ye-hypereutectoid). Ngemva kokubamba izinga lokushisa isikhathi esithile ukuze kuqiniswe ngokugcwele izinto, iketanga licinywa ngokushesha endaweni yokupholisa efana namanzi noma uwoyela ukuze kutholakale isakhiwo se-martensite esiqinile kodwa esibuthakathaka. Iketanga libe selishiswa kabusha lifike ku-500-650°C ukuze kushiswe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okubola i-martensite ibe isakhiwo se-sorbite esifanayo, ekugcineni kufezwe ibhalansi "yamandla aphezulu + ukuqina okuphezulu."
Izinzuzo Zokusebenza: Ngemva kokucima nokushisa, izingxenye zeketanga zibonisa izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ezinamandla okubamba angu-800-1200 MPa kanye namandla okukhiqiza alinganiswe kahle kanye nokwelulwa, okwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enamandla kanye nomthelela ohlangana nawo emisebenzini yokuphakamisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufana kwesakhiwo se-sorbite kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokucubungula izingxenye, okwenza kube lula ukwakheka ngokunemba okulandelayo (njengokugoqa ama-roller).
Izicelo: Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza okuphelele kwamaketanga okuphakamisa anamandla aphakathi naphezulu (njengeketanga lebanga lama-80 nebanga lama-100), ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezithwala umthwalo obalulekile njengamapuleti eketanga namaphini. Lena inqubo eyisisekelo neyinhloko yokwelapha ukushisa kwamaketanga okuphakamisa. (II) Ukushisa nokucima i-Carburizing + Ukushisa Okuphansi: "Isivikelo Esiqinisiwe" Sokumelana Nokugqokwa Okungaphezulu
Isimiso Senqubo: Izingxenye zeketanga (ezigxile ezingxenyeni ze-meshing kanye ne-friction ezifana nama-rollers nama-pin) zifakwa endaweni yokugaya i-carburizing (njengegesi yemvelo noma igesi yokuqhekeka kwe-kerosene) futhi zigcinwe ku-900-950°C amahora amaningana, okuvumela ama-athomu e-carbon ukuthi angene ebusweni bengxenye (ukujula kwesendlalelo se-carburing ngokuvamile kungama-0.8-2.0mm). Lokhu kulandelwa ukucima (ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa uwoyela njengendawo yokupholisa), okwakha isakhiwo se-martensite sokuqina okuphezulu ebusweni ngenkathi kugcinwa isakhiwo se-pearlite noma i-sorbite esiqinile enkabeni. Okokugcina, ukushisa okuphansi kokushisa ku-150-200°C kususa ukucindezeleka kokucima futhi kuzinzise ubulukhuni bomphezulu. Izinzuzo Zokusebenza: Izingxenye ngemuva kokugaya i-carburing kanye ne-quinning zibonisa isici sokusebenza kwe-gradient "sokuqina ngaphandle, okuqina ngaphakathi" - ubulukhuni bomphezulu bungafinyelela ku-HRC58-62, buthuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokuxhuzula, bulwe ngempumelelo nokuguguleka ngesikhathi sokuxuba i-sprocket. Ubulukhuni be-core buhlala ku-HRC30-45, okunikeza ukuqina okwanele ukuvimbela ukuphuka kwezingxenye ngaphansi kwemithwalo yokushayisana.
Izicelo: Kuma-roller nama-pin asebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-lifting chain, ikakhulukazi lawo aqala futhi ayeke njalo kanye nama-meshing anzima (isb., ama-keys ama-port cranes kanye nama-hoist emayini). Isibonelo, ama-roller ama-high-strength lifting chain angama-120 avame ukushiswa nge-carburized futhi acinywe, okwandisa impilo yawo yesevisi ngaphezu kuka-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa okuvamile kokushisa. (III) Ukuqina Kokungeniswa + Ukushisa Okuphansi: "Ukuqinisa Kwendawo" Okusebenzayo Nokunembile
Isimiso Senqubo: Kusetshenziswa insimu yamagnetic eshintshanayo ekhiqizwa yi-coil yokungeniswa enemvamisa ephezulu noma ephakathi, izindawo ezithile zezingxenye zeketanga (njengobubanzi bangaphandle bama-rollers kanye nezindawo zephini) ziyashiswa endaweni. Ukushisa kuyashesha (ngokuvamile kusuka kumasekhondi ambalwa kuya kwamashumi), okuvumela kuphela indawo ukuthi ifinyelele ngokushesha izinga lokushisa eliqinisayo, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa eliyinhloko lihlala lingashintshi kakhulu. Amanzi okupholisa abe esefakwa ukuze kucinywe ngokushesha, kulandelwe ukufudumala okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa. Le nqubo ivumela ukulawulwa okunembile kwendawo eshisiwe kanye nokujula kwezingqimba eziqinile (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-0.3 kuya ku-1.5mm).
Izinzuzo Zokusebenza: ① Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu Nokonga Amandla: Ukushisa okusendaweni kugwema ukuchitheka kwamandla kokushisa okuphelele, kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngaphezu kuka-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nokucima okuphelele. ② Ukuguquguquka Okuphansi: Izikhathi ezimfushane zokushisa zinciphisa ukuguquguquka kokushisa kwezingxenye, zisusa isidingo sokuqondisa okukhulu okulandelayo, okwenza kube kufanelekile kakhulu ekulawulweni kobukhulu bama-roller anembile. ③ Ukusebenza Okulawulekayo: Ngokulungisa imvamisa yokungeniswa nesikhathi sokushisa, ukujula kwezingqimba eziqinile kanye nokusatshalaliswa kobulukhuni kungalungiswa kalula.
Izicelo: Kufanelekela ukuqinisa ama-roller aqondile akhiqizwa ngobuningi, amaphini amafushane, nezinye izingxenye, ikakhulukazi ekuphakamiseni amaketanga adinga ukunemba okuphezulu (njengeketanga lokuphakamisa elidlulisela ngokunemba). Ukuqina kokungeniswa kungasetshenziswa futhi ekulungiseni nasekuvuseleleni amaketanga, ukuqinisa kabusha izindawo ezigugile.
(IV) Ukunciphisa Ukucindezeleka: "Ukuvikelwa Komthelela" Ukubeka Ukuqina Kuqala
Isimiso Senqubo: Ngemva kokushisa ingxenye yeketanga iye ekushiseni okuqinisayo, ifakwa ngokushesha ebhavini likasawoti noma le-alkaline ngaphezu kancane kwephuzu le-M s (izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokuguqulwa kwe-martensitic). Ibhavini libanjwa isikhathi esithile ukuze kuvunyelwe i-austenite ukuthi iguquke ibe yi-bainite, kulandelwe ukupholisa komoya. I-banite, isakhiwo esiphakathi kwe-martensite ne-pearlite, sihlanganisa amandla aphezulu nokuqina okuhle kakhulu.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenza: Izingxenye ezithambile zibonisa ukuqina okukhulu kakhulu kunezingxenye ezivamile ezicinyiwe neziqinisiwe, zifinyelela amandla okumunca umthelela angu-60-100 J, angakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima yomthelela ngaphandle kokuphuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubulukhuni bungafinyelela ku-HRC 40-50, kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamandla zezicelo zokuphakamisa eziphakathi nezinzima, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuphambuka kokucima nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Izicelo Ezisebenzayo: Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphakamiseni izingxenye zeketanga ezingaphansi kwemithwalo enzima yomthelela, njengalezo ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukuphakamisa izinto ezingafani ezimbonini zezimayini nezokwakha, noma ekuphakamiseni iketanga ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziphansi zokushisa (njengendawo yokugcina ebandayo kanye nemisebenzi ye-polar). I-Bainite inobulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokuqina kwe-martensite emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kunciphisa ingozi yokuphuka okubuthakathaka kokushisa okuphansi.
(V) Ukufaka i-Nitriding: “Ingubo Ehlala Isikhathi Eside” Yokumelana Nokugqwala Nokuguguleka
Isimiso Senqubo: Izingxenye zeketanga zifakwa endaweni equkethe i-nitrogen, njenge-ammonia, ku-500-580°C amahora ayi-10-50. Lokhu kuvumela ama-athomu e-nitrogen ukuthi angene ebusweni bengxenye, akhe ungqimba lwe-nitride (olwakhiwe kakhulu yi-Fe₄N kanye ne-Fe₂N). I-nitriding ayidingi ukucima okulandelayo futhi "ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali okushisa okuphansi" okunomthelela omncane ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwengxenye. Izinzuzo Zokusebenza: ① Ubulukhuni obuphezulu bomphezulu (HV800-1200) bunikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kokuguguleka uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi eshisiwe necinyiwe, kuyilapho futhi inikeza i-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana, kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa. ② Ungqimba oluqinile lwe-nitride lunikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala, kunciphisa ingozi yokugqwala ezindaweni ezinomswakama nothuli. ③ Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokucubungula linciphisa ukuguquguquka kwengxenye, okwenza ifaneleke kuma-roller aqondile akhiwe ngaphambilini noma amaketanga amancane ahlanganisiwe.
Izicelo: Ifanelekela ukuphakamisa amaketanga adinga kokubili ukuguguleka nokugqwala, njengalawo asetshenziswa embonini yokucubungula ukudla (izindawo ezihlanzekile) kanye nobunjiniyela basolwandle (izindawo zokufutha usawoti omningi), noma imishini yokuphakamisa emincane edinga amaketanga "angenakulungiswa".
III. Ukukhethwa Kwenqubo Yokwelapha Ukushisa: Ukuqondanisa Izimo Zokusebenza Kubalulekile
Uma ukhetha indlela yokwelapha ukushisa yeketanga lokuphakamisa, cabanga ngezinto ezintathu ezibalulekile: isilinganiso somthwalo, indawo yokusebenza, kanye nomsebenzi wezingxenye. Gwema ukuphishekela ngamandla aphezulu noma ukonga izindleko ngokweqile:
Khetha ngesilinganiso somthwalo: Amaketanga anemithwalo elula (≤ Ibanga 50) angadlula ekucimeni nasekushiseni okugcwele. Amaketanga anemithwalo ephakathi nendawo nesindayo (80-100) adinga inhlanganisela ye-carburizing kanye nokushiseni ukuze kuqiniswe izingxenye ezisengozini. Amaketanga anemithwalo enzima (ngaphezu kwebanga 120) adinga inqubo ehlanganisiwe yokucimeni kanye nokushiseni, noma ukuqina kokungeniswa ukuqinisekisa ukunemba.
Khetha ngendawo yokusebenza: I-nitriding ikhethwa ezindaweni ezinomswakama nezingcolisayo; i-austempering ikhethwa ezindaweni ezinemithwalo enamandla kakhulu. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame ukufaka i-mesh zibeka phambili i-carburing noma i-induction harding yama-roller. Khetha izingxenye ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wazo: Ama-chain plates nama-pin abeka phambili amandla nokuqina, abeka phambili ukucisha nokushisa. Ama-roller abeka phambili ukumelana nokuguguleka nokuqina, abeka phambili i-carburing noma i-induction harding. Izingxenye ezisizayo njenge-bushings zingasebenzisa i-quishing engabizi kakhulu, ehlanganisiwe kanye ne-tempering.
IV. Isiphetho: Ukwelashwa Kokushisa “Kungumugqa Wokuzivikela Ongabonakali” Wokuphepha Kweketanga
Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa yamaketanga okuphakamisa akuyona inqubo eyodwa; kunalokho, iyindlela ehlelekile ehlanganisa izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, imisebenzi yezingxenye, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Kusukela ekushiseni nasekucimeni ama-roller anembile kuya ekucimeni nasekushiseni amapuleti eketanga, ukulawulwa kokunemba enkambisweni ngayinye kunquma ngqo ukuphepha kweketanga ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuphakamisa. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwemishini yokwelapha ukushisa ehlakaniphile (njengemigqa ye-carburizing ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ubulukhuni eziku-inthanethi), ukusebenza kanye nokuqina kwamaketanga okuphakamisa kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu, kunikeze isiqinisekiso esithembeke kakhulu sokusebenza okuphephile kwemishini ekhethekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-01-2025