Ukusebenza kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ezindaweni ezimanzi

Ukusebenza kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ezindaweni ezimanzi
Ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zezimboni nezentengiselwano, amaketanga ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zokudlulisa nokudlulisa, futhi ukusebenza kwawo nokuqina kwawo kubalulekile. Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali asebenza kahle ezindaweni ezimanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezihlukile zezinto, okwenza abe ukukhetha kokuqala ezimweni eziningi zokusebenza ezinzima. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ngokujulile ukusebenza kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ezindaweni ezimanzi, okuhlanganisa ukumelana kwawo nokugqwala, amandla, izindawo zokusetshenziswa, kanye nokugcinwa kwawo.

1. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali
Izinto eziyinhloko zamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali yinsimbi engagqwali, evame ukuqukethe izinto ezifana ne-chromium ne-nickel, ezinikeza insimbi engagqwali ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Endaweni emanzi, amaketanga ensimbi yekhabhoni avamile asabela kalula ngamakhemikhali ngamanzi nomoya-mpilo ukuze akhe ukugqwala, okwenza ukusebenza kweketanga kuwohloke noma kuphuke. Amaketanga ensimbi angagqwali angamelana nalokhu kugqwala, agcine ubuqotho bomphezulu wawo kanye nokuqina kokusebenza kwawo.

(I) Isimiso sokumelana nokugqwala
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kuvela kakhulu efilimini eliminyene le-chromium oxide elakhiwe ebusweni bayo. Le filimu ingahlukanisa amanzi nomoya-mpilo ngempumelelo futhi ivimbele ukusabela okwengeziwe kokugqwala. Le filimu ingahlala izinzile ngisho nasezindaweni ezinomswakama, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele uchungechunge ekugqwaleni.

(II) Ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ezahlukene zensimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali inezinto eziningi ezahlukene, njenge-304, 316, 321, njll., futhi ukumelana nokugqwala kwento ngayinye kuhlukile. Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu, enokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, efanelekela izindawo eziningi ezinomswakama. Insimbi engagqwali engu-316 isebenza kangcono ezindaweni eziqukethe ama-ion e-chloride, njengezindawo zasolwandle noma izindawo zezimboni ezinosawoti. Insimbi engagqwali engu-321 inokumelana okungcono kokugqwala kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi ifanelekela izindawo ezinokushisa okuphezulu nezinomswakama.

II. Amandla nokumelana nokuguguleka kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali
Ngaphezu kokumelana nokugqwala, izintambo zensimbi engagqwali nazo zinamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka. Lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo emikhulu kanye nokungqubuzana kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinomswakama ngaphandle kokuguquka kalula noma ukuguguleka.

(I) Amandla aphezulu
Amandla ezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali avela kakhulu ebulukhunini obukhulu bezinto zazo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhle bokucubungula. Isibonelo, inqubo yokwakha ikhanda elibandayo ingenza izingxenye ezahlukene zezinsimbi zibe namandla nobunzima obuphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe amandla okuthambekela aphelele ezinsimbi. Lokhu kwenza izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali zikwazi ukumelana nokucindezeleka okukhulu ezindaweni ezinomswakama futhi akulula ukuziphula.

(II) Ukumelana nokuguguleka
Ukumelana nokuguguleka kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali kubangelwa kakhulu ubulukhuni kanye nokushelela kwezindawo zawo. Indawo enobulukhuni obuphezulu inganciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi inciphise izinga lokuguguleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali avame ukuphathwa ubuso ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, njengokupholisha noma ukucwebezela, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwawo nokuguguleka.

III. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ezindaweni ezinomswakama
Ukumelana nokugqwala kanye namandla aphezulu amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali kuwenza asetshenziswe kabanzi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezinomswakama. Nazi ezinye zezindawo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa:

(I) Imboni yokucubungula ukudla
Embonini yokucubungula ukudla, inhlanzeko nokuhlanzeka kubalulekile. Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali awagcini nje ngokumelana nokugqwala, kodwa futhi kulula ukuwahlanza nokubulala amagciwane, futhi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka kokudla. Asetshenziswa kabanzi emabhandeni okuhambisa ukudla, emigqeni yokuwasha, emishinini yokupakisha, njll. Isibonelo, emigqeni yokukhiqiza inyama, amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali angasebenza isikhathi eside endaweni enomswakama nequkethe insipho ngaphandle kokugqwala noma ukungcolisa ukudla.

(II) Imboni yamakhemikhali
Izindawo eziningi embonini yamakhemikhali zingcolisa kakhulu, njenge-asidi, ama-alkali, usawoti, njll. Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali angamelana nokuguguleka kwala makhemikhali futhi afanele izinhlelo zokudlulisa nokuhambisa imishini yamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, kudivayisi yokuxuba ye-reactor yamakhemikhali, amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali angasebenza endaweni enomswakama futhi engcolisa amakhemikhali isikhathi eside, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini.

(III) Ubunjiniyela Basemanzini
Umswakama ophezulu kanye nesifutho sikasawoti endaweni yasolwandle kuyalimaza kakhulu izinto zensimbi. Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali asebenza kahle kwezobunjiniyela basolwandle futhi afanelekela imikhumbi, imishini yamachweba, amapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle, njll. Isibonelo, amaketanga okuphakamisa insimbi engagqwali angasetshenziswa ukulayisha nokukhipha imithwalo ezindaweni zokubeka imithwalo, futhi angagcina ukusebenza okuhle ngisho nangaphansi kokuguguleka kwamanzi olwandle kanye nesifutho sikasawoti.

(IV) Imboni Yokwelapha Amanzi
Amaketanga asezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi kudingeka asebenze emanzini isikhathi eside, futhi amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ayisinqumo esifanele. Awagcini nje ngokumelana nokugqwala, kodwa futhi ayakwazi ukusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside, futhi afanele imishini yokuhlanza indle, amaphampu amanzi, izinhlelo zokuhlunga, njll. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lokuhambisa udaka lwesitshalo sokuhlanza indle, amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali angamelana nokuguguleka kwamakhemikhali namagciwane endle, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu.

IV. Ukugcinwa kwamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ezindaweni ezinomswakama
Nakuba izintambo zensimbi engagqwali zinamandla amakhulu okumelana nokugqwala, zisadinga ukulungiswa kahle ezindaweni ezinomswakama ukuze zandise impilo yazo yesevisi futhi zigcine ukusebenza kahle.

(i) Ukuhlanza njalo
Endaweni enomswakama, ubuso bochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali buvame ukuba nomswakama, uthuli kanye nokungcola. Ukuhlanza njalo kungasusa lokhu kungcola futhi kuvimbele ukuthi kungasebenzi ngamakhemikhali ebusweni bochungechunge. Lapho uhlanza, ungasebenzisa indwangu ethambile kanye nensipho yokuhlanza engathathi hlangothi, futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa insipho equkethe i-asidi, i-alkali noma i-chlorine ukuze ugweme ukulimaza ifilimu ye-chromium oxide ebusweni bochungechunge.

(ii) Ukugcotshwa
Ukugcoba okufanele kunganciphisa ukungqubuzana kweketanga futhi kunciphise izinga lokuguguleka. Endaweni enomswakama, kufanele ukhethe ukugcoba okunamandla okusebenza kahle okungangeni manzi, njengowoyela wokugcoba oshisa kakhulu noma ukugcoba okusezingeni lokudla. Lapho ugcoba, qiniseka ukuthi zonke izingxenye zeketanga zimbozwe ngokulinganayo ngokugcoba ukuze kugwenywe ukulahlekelwa ukugcoba.

(iii) Ukuhlolwa nokufakwa esikhundleni
Hlola njalo ukuguguleka nokugqwala kochungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali bese ushintsha izingxenye ezonakele ngesikhathi. Uma uhlola, naka ngokukhethekile ukuguguleka kwamaphini, ama-roller, amapuleti eketanga nezinye izingxenye zeketanga, kanye nokuqina kochungechunge. Uma kutholakala ukuthi iketanga ligugulekile noma ligqwalile, kufanele lishintshwe ngesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini.

V. Isiphetho
Amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali asebenza kahle ezindaweni ezinomswakama futhi anokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle. Asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana nokucubungula ukudla, imboni yamakhemikhali, ubunjiniyela basolwandle kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi, futhi angahlangabezana nezidingo zezimo zokusebenza ezinzima ezahlukahlukene. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, njengokuhlanza njalo, ukugcoba nokuhlola, impilo yesevisi yamaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ingandiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini. Ngakho-ke, amaketanga ensimbi engagqwali ayizinto zokudlulisa nokudlulisa ezifanele ezindaweni ezinomswakama futhi afanele ukukhuthazwa kabanzi nokusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ezihlobene.