1. Ukubuka konke kokuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-string chain enembile
1.1 Izici eziyisisekelo zeketanga lokugoqa eliqondile
I-Precision roller chain uhlobo lwe-chain olusetshenziswa kakhulu ekudlulisweni kwemishini. Izici zalo eziyisisekelo yilezi ezilandelayo:
Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo: Uchungechunge lwe-roller olunembile luqukethe ipuleti le-chain yangaphakathi, ipuleti le-chain yangaphandle, i-pin shaft, i-sleeve kanye ne-roller. Ipuleti le-chain yangaphakathi kanye nepuleti le-chain yangaphandle kuxhunywe nge-pin shaft, i-sleeve iboshwe ku-pin shaft, bese i-roller ifakwa ngaphandle kwe-sleeve. Lesi sakhiwo senza i-chain ikwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu okudonseka kanye nokushayisana ngesikhathi sokudlulisa.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto: Iketanga le-roller eliqondile livame ukwenziwa ngensimbi yekhabhoni esezingeni eliphezulu noma insimbi ye-alloy, njengensimbi engu-45, i-20CrMnTi, njll. Lezi zinto zinamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kweketanga ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukunemba kobukhulu: Izidingo zokunemba kobukhulu be-roller chain enembile ziphakeme, futhi ukubekezelelana kobukhulu be-pitch, ubukhulu be-chain plate, ububanzi be-pin shaft, njll. ngokuvamile kulawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-±0.05mm. Ubukhulu obunembile kakhulu bungaqinisekisa ukunemba kwe-meshing kwe-chain kanye ne-sprocket, futhi kunciphise amaphutha okudlulisa nomsindo.
Ukwelashwa kwendawo: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuguguleka kweketanga kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, amaketanga okugoqa okunembile avame ukuphathwa endaweni, njengokufaka i-carburizing, ukufaka i-nitriding, ukufaka i-galvanizing, njll. Ukufaka i-carburing kungenza ubulukhuni bendawo yeketanga bufinyelele ku-58-62HRC, ukufaka i-nitriding kungenza ubulukhuni bendawo bufinyelele ku-600-800HV, kanti ukufaka i-galvaning kungavimbela ngempumelelo iketanga ekugqwaleni.
1.2 Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kobulukhuni
Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi yamaketanga okugoqa okunembile:
Qinisekisa amandla eketanga: Ukuqina kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokulinganisa amandla ezinto. Ngokuhlolwa kokuqina, kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi ubunzima bezinto zeketanga le-roller elinembile buhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iketanga lingamelana nokucindezeleka okwanele kanye nomthelela ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, futhi kugwenywe ukuphuka kweketanga noma umonakalo ngenxa yamandla ezinto anganele.
Hlola izakhiwo zezinto: Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kungabonisa ukwakheka kwezinto ezincane kanye nezinguquko zokusebenza kwezinto. Isibonelo, ubulukhuni bomphezulu weketanga ngemva kokwelashwa nge-carburizing buphakeme, kuyilapho ubulukhuni obuyinhloko buphansi kakhulu. Ngokuhlola ubulukhuni, ukujula kanye nokufana kwesendlalelo se-carburizing kungahlolwa, ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kwezinto inengqondo yini.
Ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza yokulawula: Enqubweni yokukhiqiza yamaketanga okugoqa ngokunemba, ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokulawula ikhwalithi. Ngokuhlola ubulukhuni bezinto zokusetshenziswa, imikhiqizo eqediwe kancane kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe, izinkinga ezingase zivele enqubweni yokukhiqiza, njengeziphambeko zezinto, ukwelashwa kokushisa okungafanele, njll., zingatholakala ngesikhathi, ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanayo zokuthuthukisa nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuvumelana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Yandisa impilo yesevisi: Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kusiza ukwenza ngcono izinto zokwakha kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zamaketanga okugoqa anembile, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokukhathala kweketanga. Ubuso beketanga obuqinile bungamelana kangcono nokuguguleka, kunciphise ukulahlekelwa kokungqubuzana phakathi kweketanga kanye ne-sprocket, kwandise impilo yesevisi yeketanga, futhi kunciphise izindleko zokugcinwa kwemishini.
Hlangana nezindinganiso zomkhakha: Embonini yokukhiqiza imishini, ubulukhuni bezintambo ezigoqayo eziqondile ngokuvamile budinga ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele zikazwelonke noma zomhlaba wonke. Isibonelo, i-GB/T 1243-2006 “Amaketanga Ezintambo, Amaketanga Ezintambo Ezigoqayo kanye Namaketanga Amazinyo” ichaza ububanzi bobulukhuni bezintambo ezigoqayo eziqondile. Ngokuhlolwa kobulukhuni, kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile futhi uthuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe komkhiqizo.
2. Izindinganiso zokuhlola ubulukhuni
2.1 Izindinganiso zokuhlola zasekhaya
Izwe lami lenze uchungechunge lwezindinganiso ezicacile neziqinile zokuhlolwa kobulukhuni bamaketanga okugoqa okunembile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyahlangabezana nezidingo.
Isisekelo Esijwayelekile: Ngokuyinhloko sisekelwe ku-GB/T 1243-2006 “uchungechunge lwama-roller, uchungechunge lwama-bushing roller kanye nochungechunge olunezinyo” kanye nezinye izindinganiso zikazwelonke ezifanele. Lezi zindinganiso zichaza ububanzi bobulukhuni bamaketanga ama-roller anembile. Isibonelo, kumaketanga ama-roller anembile enziwe ngensimbi engu-45, ubulukhuni bamaphini nama-bushing kufanele bulawulwe ku-229-285HBW; kumaketanga ama-carburised, ubulukhuni bomphezulu kumele bufinyelele ku-58-62HRC, futhi ukujula kwesendlalelo sama-carburised nakho kuyadingeka ngokusobala, ngokuvamile ku-0.8-1.2mm.
Indlela yokuhlola: Izindinganiso zasekhaya zincoma ukusetshenziswa kwe-Brinell hardness tester noma i-Rockwell hardness tester ukuze kuhlolwe. I-Brinell hardness tester ifanelekela ukuhlola izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe kancane enobunzima obuphansi, njengama-chain plate angazange aphathwe ngokushisa. Inani lobunzima libalwa ngokusebenzisa umthwalo othile ebusweni bezinto kanye nokulinganisa ububanzi bokugoba; i-Rockwell hardness tester ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola amaketanga aqediwe aphathwe ngokushisa, njengezikhonkwane nemikhono efakwe i-carburized. Inesivinini sokuthola esisheshayo, ukusebenza okulula, futhi ingafunda ngqo inani lobunzima.
Izingxenye zokuthatha amasampula nokuhlola: Ngokwezidingo ezijwayelekile, inani elithile lamasampula kufanele likhethwe ngokungahleliwe ukuze lihlolwe kusuka kuqoqo ngalinye lamaketanga okugoqa anembile. Kuketanga ngalinye, ubulukhuni bezingxenye ezahlukene njengepuleti leketanga langaphakathi, ipuleti leketanga langaphandle, iphini, isilingi kanye ne-roller kufanele kuhlolwe ngokwehlukana. Isibonelo, ngephini, iphuzu elilodwa lokuhlola kufanele lithathwe phakathi nasemaphethelweni womabili ukuqinisekisa ukuphelela nokunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ukunqunywa kwemiphumela: Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kumele inqunywe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nobubanzi bobulukhuni obuchazwe kuzinga. Uma inani lobulukhuni bengxenye yokuhlolwa lidlula ububanzi obuchazwe kuzinga, njengokuthi ubulukhuni bephini bungaphansi kuka-229HBW noma ngaphezulu kuka-285HBW, uchungechunge lubhekwa njengomkhiqizo ongafaneleki futhi ludinga ukulungiswa kabusha ngokushisa noma ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezihambisanayo kuze kube yilapho inani lobulukhuni lihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile.
2.2 Izindinganiso Zokuhlola Zamazwe Ngamazwe
Kukhona nezinhlelo ezijwayelekile ezihambisanayo zokuhlola ubulukhuni bamaketanga e-roller anembile emhlabeni, futhi lezi zindinganiso zinethonya elikhulu futhi ziyaqashelwa emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
Izinga le-ISO: I-ISO 606 “Amaketanga nama-sprocket – Amaketanga ama-roller namaketanga ama-bushing roller – Ubukhulu, ukubekezelelana kanye nezici eziyisisekelo” ingenye yezindinganiso zeketanga lama-roller aqondile ezisetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni. Leli zinga liphinde lenze amalungiselelo anemininingwane okuhlolwa kobulukhuni bamaketanga ama-roller aqondile. Isibonelo, ngamaketanga ama-roller aqondile enziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy, ububanzi bobulukhuni ngokuvamile buyi-241-321HBW; ngamaketanga afakwe i-nitride, ubulukhuni bomphezulu kumele bufinyelele ku-600-800HV, futhi ukujula kwesendlalelo se-nitride kuyadingeka kube yi-0.3-0.6mm.
Indlela yokuhlola: Izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zincoma nokusetshenziswa kwabahloli bokuqina beBrinell, abahloli bokuqina beRockwell kanye nabahloli bokuqina beVickers ukuze kuhlolwe. Umhloli wokuqina weVickers ufanelekela ukuhlola izingxenye ezinobunzima obuphezulu bomphezulu wamaketanga okugoqa aqondile, njengobuso be-roller ngemva kokwelashwa nge-nitriding, ngenxa yokugoba kwayo okuncane. Ingalinganisa inani lobunzima ngokunembe kakhudlwana, ikakhulukazi lapho ihlola usayizi omncane kanye nezingxenye ezinodonga oluncane.
Indawo yokuqoqa amasampula kanye nokuhlola: Inani lamasampula kanye nendawo yokuhlola edingekayo ngezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke kufana naleyo yezindinganiso zasekhaya, kodwa ukukhethwa kwezindawo zokuhlola kunemininingwane eminingi. Isibonelo, lapho kuhlolwa ubulukhuni bama-roller, amasampula kudingeka athathwe futhi ahlolwe engxenyeni engaphandle kanye nasebusweni bokugcina bama-roller ukuze kuhlolwe ngokuphelele ubulukhuni bama-roller. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni kuyadingeka nasezingxenyeni ezixhumanisayo zeketanga, njengezingqwembe zeketanga ezixhumanisayo kanye nezikhonkwane ezixhumanisayo, ukuqinisekisa amandla nokuthembeka kweketanga lonke.
Ukwahlulela komphumela: Izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke ziqinile kakhulu ekwahluleleni imiphumela yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingahlangabezani nezidingo ezijwayelekile, ngeke nje kuphela ukuthi uchungechunge luzokwahlulelwa njengolungafaneleki, kodwa nezinye izintambo zeqoqo elifanayo lemikhiqizo kuzodingeka zihlolwe kabili. Uma kusenemikhiqizo engafaneleki ngemva kokuthatha amasampula kabili, inqwaba yemikhiqizo kumele icutshungulwe kabusha kuze kube yilapho ubulukhuni bazo zonke izintambo buhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile. Le ndlela yokwahlulela eqinile iqinisekisa ngempumelelo izinga lekhwalithi kanye nokuthembeka kwezintambo ezigoqekayo ezinembile emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
3. Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni
3.1 Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni beRockwell
Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni yaseRockwell ingenye yezindlela zokuhlola ubulukhuni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje, ezifanele kakhulu ukuhlola ubulukhuni bezinto zensimbi ezifana namaketanga okugoqa aqondile.
Isimiso: Le ndlela inquma inani lobulukhuni ngokulinganisa ukujula kwe-indenter (i-diamond cone noma ibhola le-carbide) ecindezelwe ebusweni bento ngaphansi komthwalo othile. Ibonakala ngokusebenza okulula nokusheshayo, futhi ingafunda ngokuqondile inani lobulukhuni ngaphandle kokubala okuyinkimbinkimbi namathuluzi okulinganisa.
Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa: Ukuze kutholakale amaketanga okugoqa okunembile, indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni beRockwell isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukala ubulukhuni bamaketanga aqediwe ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa, njengezikhonkwane nemikhono. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zingxenye zinobulukhuni obuphezulu ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa futhi zinkulu ngosayizi, ezifanele ukuhlolwa nge-Rockwell hardness tester.
Ukunemba kokuthola: Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni kweRockwell kunokunemba okuphezulu futhi kungabonisa ngokunembile izinguquko zobulukhuni bezinto ezibonakalayo. Iphutha layo lokulinganisa ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kwe-±1HRC, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-roller chain.
Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo: Ekuhlolweni kwangempela, umhloli wobulukhuni waseRockwell uvame ukusebenzisa isikali se-HRC, esifaneleka izinto zokuhlola ezinobubanzi bobulukhuni obungu-20-70HRC. Isibonelo, ngephini yeketanga lokujikijela eliqondile eliye lashintshwa nge-carburized, ubulukhuni balo bomphezulu buvame ukuba phakathi kuka-58-62HRC. Umhloli wobulukhuni waseRockwell angalinganisa ngokushesha nangokunembile inani lawo lobulukhuni, anikeze isisekelo esithembekile sokulawula ikhwalithi.
3.2 Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni bukaBrinell
Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni beBrinell iyindlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni yakudala, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekulinganisweni kobulukhuni bezinto ezahlukahlukene zensimbi, kufaka phakathi izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe kancane yamaketanga okugoqa aqondile.
Isimiso: Le ndlela icindezela ibhola lensimbi eqinile noma ibhola le-carbide elinobubanzi obuthile ebusweni bento ngaphansi kwesenzo somthwalo ocacisiwe bese iligcina isikhathi esithile, bese isusa umthwalo, ilinganise ububanzi bokugoba, bese inquma inani lobulukhuni ngokubala ingcindezi emaphakathi endaweni eyisiyingi yobuso bokugoba.
Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa: Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni beBrinell ifaneleka ukuhlola izinto zensimbi ezinobulukhuni obuphansi, njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zamaketanga okujikijela aqondile (njengensimbi engu-45) kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe kancane engakaphathwa ngokushisa. Izici zayo ziyizimbobo ezinkulu, ezingabonisa izici zobulukhuni obukhulu bezinto futhi zifanele ukulinganisa izinto ezisezingeni lobunzima obuphakathi.
Ukunemba kokuthola: Ukunemba kokutholwa kobulukhuni bukaBrinell kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi iphutha lokulinganisa ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kuka-±2%. Ukunemba kokulinganisa ububanzi bokugoba kuthinta ngqo ukunemba kwenani lobulukhuni, ngakho-ke amathuluzi okulinganisa anokunemba okuphezulu njenge-microscope yokufunda ayadingeka ekusebenzeni kwangempela.
Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo: Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amaketanga okugoqa okunembile, indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni beBrinell ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlola ubulukhuni bezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo. Isibonelo, kumaketanga okugoqa okunembile enziwe ngensimbi engu-45, ubulukhuni bezinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele bulawulwe phakathi kuka-170-230HBW. Ngokuhlolwa kobulukhuni beBrinell, inani lobulukhuni bezinto zokusetshenziswa lingalinganiswa ngokunembile, futhi ubulukhuni obungafanele bezinto bungatholakala ngesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe izinto ezingafanele ukuthi zingene ezixhumanisini zokukhiqiza ezilandelayo.
3.3 Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Vickers
Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Vickers iyindlela efanelekile yokulinganisa ubulukhuni bezingxenye ezincane nezinodonga oluncane, futhi inezinzuzo ezihlukile ekuhlolweni kobulukhuni bezintambo ezigoqekayo eziqondile.
Isimiso: Le ndlela icindezela i-tetrahedron yedayimane ene-engeli ye-vertex engu-136° ngaphansi komthwalo othile ebusweni bento ezohlolwa, igcina umthwalo isikhathi esithile, bese isusa umthwalo, ilinganise ubude obuqondile bokugoba, bese inquma inani lobulukhuni ngokubala ingcindezi emaphakathi endaweni yobuso obuyindilinga bokugoba.
Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa: Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Vickers ifanelekela ukulinganisa izinto ezinobubanzi obukhulu bobulukhuni, ikakhulukazi ukuthola izingxenye ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu bobuso bamaketanga okugoqa ngokunemba, njengobuso bama-roller ngemva kokwelashwa nge-nitriding. Ukugoqa kwayo kuncane, futhi ingalinganisa ngokunembile ubulukhuni bezingxenye ezincane nezinodonga oluncane, okufanele ukutholakala ngezidingo eziphezulu zokufana kobulukhuni bobuso.
Ukunemba kokuthola: Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-Vickers kunokunemba okuphezulu, futhi iphutha lokulinganisa ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kwe-±1HV. Ukunemba kokulinganisa kobude obuqondile bokugoba kubalulekile ekunembeni kwenani lobulukhuni, ngakho-ke kudingeka imakroskopu yokulinganisa enembile kakhulu ukuze kulinganiswe.
Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo: Ekuhlolweni kobulukhuni bamaketanga e-roller aqondile, indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Vickers ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuthola ubulukhuni bobuso bama-roller. Isibonelo, kuma-roller afakwe i-nitride, ubulukhuni bobuso kumele bufinyelele ku-600-800HV. Ngokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Vickers, amanani obulukhuni ezindaweni ezahlukene ebusweni be-roller angalinganiswa ngokunembile, futhi ukujula kanye nokufana kwengqimba ye-nitriding kungahlolwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubulukhuni bobuso be-roller buhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo yeketanga.
4. Ithuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni
4.1 Uhlobo lwensimbi kanye nesimiso sayo
Ithuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni liyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuhlolwa kobulukhuni kwamaketanga okugoqa okunembile. Izinsimbi zokuhlola ubulukhuni ezivamile ikakhulukazi yilezi ezilandelayo:
Umhloli wobulukhuni beBrinell: Umgomo wayo ukucindezela ibhola lensimbi eqinile noma ibhola le-carbide elinobubanzi obuthile ebusweni bento ngaphansi komthwalo ocacisiwe, uligcine isikhathi esithile bese ususa umthwalo, bese ubala inani lobulukhuni ngokulinganisa ububanzi bokugoba. Umhloli wobulukhuni beBrinell ufanelekela ukuhlola izinto zensimbi ezinobulukhuni obuphansi, njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zamaketanga okugoba aqondile kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe engakaphathwa ngokushisa. Izici zayo ukugoba okukhulu, okungabonisa izici zobulukhuni obukhulu bento. Ifanelekela ukulinganisa izinto ezisezingeni lobunzima obuphakathi, futhi iphutha lokulinganisa ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kuka-±2%.
Umhloli wobulukhuni beRockwell: Leli thuluzi linquma inani lobulukhuni ngokulinganisa ukujula kwe-indenter (i-diamond cone noma i-carbide ball) ecindezelwe ebusweni bento ngaphansi komthwalo othile. Umhloli wobulukhuni beRockwell kulula futhi kuyashesha ukuyisebenzisa, futhi ingafunda ngqo inani lobulukhuni ngaphandle kokubala okuyinkimbinkimbi namathuluzi okulinganisa. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukala ubulukhuni bamaketanga aqediwe ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, njengezikhonkwane nemikhono. Iphutha lokulinganisa ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kwe-±1HRC, engahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-roller chain okunembile.
Umhloli wobulukhuni beVickers: Umgomo womhloli wobulukhuni beVickers ukucindezela iphiramidi yedayimane ene-engeli ye-vertex engu-136° ngaphansi komthwalo othile ebusweni bento ezohlolwa, uyigcine isikhathi esithile, ususe umthwalo, ulinganise ubude obuqondile bokugoba, bese unquma inani lobulukhuni ngokubala ingcindezi emaphakathi ethwalwa yindawo engaphezulu ye-conical yokugoba. Umhloli wobulukhuni beVickers ufanelekela ukulinganisa izinto ezinobubanzi obukhulu bobulukhuni, ikakhulukazi ekuhloleni izingxenye ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu bobuso bamaketanga e-roller aqondile, njengobuso be-roller ngemuva kokwelashwa nge-nitriding. Ukugoba kwayo kuncane, futhi ingalinganisa ngokunembile ubulukhuni bezingxenye ezincane nezinodonga oluncane, futhi iphutha lokulinganisa ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kwe-±1HV.
4.2 Ukukhethwa kwezinsimbi kanye nokulinganiswa kwazo
Ukukhetha ithuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni elifanele nokulilinganisa ngokunembile kuyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
Ukukhethwa kwethuluzi: Khetha ithuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni elifanele ngokwezidingo zokuhlola zamaketanga okugoqa okunembile. Kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe kancane engakaphathwa ngokushisa, kufanele kukhethwe umhloli wobulukhuni beBrinell; kumaketanga aqediwe aphathwe ngokushisa, njengezikhonkwane nemikhono, kufanele kukhethwe umhloli wobulukhuni beRockwell; ezingxenyeni ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu bobuso, njengobuso be-roller ngemva kokwelashwa nge-nitriding, kufanele kukhethwe umhloli wobulukhuni beVickers. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezifana nokunemba, ububanzi bokulinganisa, kanye nokusebenza kalula kwethuluzi kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezixhumanisi zokuhlola ezahlukene.
Ukulinganiswa kwezinsimbi: Ithuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni kumele lilinganiswe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yalo yokulinganisa. Ukulinganiswa kufanele kwenziwe yi-ejensi yokulinganisa efanelekile noma abasebenzi abangochwepheshe ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso nezincazelo ezifanele. Okuqukethwe kokulinganiswa kufaka phakathi ukunemba komthwalo wethuluzi, usayizi nesimo se-indenter, ukunemba kwedivayisi yokulinganisa, njll. Umjikelezo wokulinganisa ngokuvamile unqunywa ngokuya ngokuvama kokusetshenziswa kanye nokuqina kwethuluzi, ngokuvamile izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya onyakeni owodwa. Izinsimbi zokulinganisa ezifanelekile kufanele zihambisane nesitifiketi sokulinganisa, futhi usuku lokulinganisa kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza kufanele kumakwe ethuluzini ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kanye nokulandeleka kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
5. Inqubo yokuhlola ubulukhuni
5.1 Ukulungiswa nokucubungula isampula
Ukulungiswa kwesampula kuyisixhumanisi esiyisisekelo sokuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-precision roller chain, okuthinta ngqo ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Inani lokusampula: Ngokwezidingo ze-GB/T 1243-2006 kazwelonke kanye ne-ISO 606 yamazwe ngamazwe, inani elithile lamasampula kufanele likhethwe ngokungahleliwe ukuze lihlolwe kusuka kuqoqo ngalinye lamaketanga okugoqa okunembile. Ngokuvamile, amaketanga angu-3-5 akhethwa kusuka kuqoqo ngalinye njengamasampula okuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukumelwa kwamasampula.
Indawo yokulinganisa: Kuketanga ngalinye, ubulukhuni bezingxenye ezahlukene njengepuleti lesixhumanisi sangaphakathi, ipuleti lesixhumanisi sangaphandle, i-pin shaft, i-sleeve kanye ne-roller kufanele kuhlolwe ngokwehlukana. Isibonelo, ku-pin shaft, iphuzu elilodwa lokuhlola kufanele lithathwe phakathi nasemaphethelweni womabili; ku-roller, umjikelezo wangaphandle kanye nobuso bokuphela kwe-roller kufanele kuthathwe isampula futhi kuhlolwe ngokwehlukana ukuze kuhlolwe ngokuphelele ubulukhuni bengxenye ngayinye.
Ukucutshungulwa kwesampula: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusampula, indawo yesampula kufanele ihlanzeke futhi ibe yithafa, ingabi namafutha, ukugqwala noma okunye ukungcola. Kumasampula anesilinganiso se-oxide noma ukumbozwa ebusweni, ukwelashwa okufanele kokuhlanza noma ukususa kufanele kwenziwe kuqala. Isibonelo, kumaketanga e-galvanized, ungqimba lwe-galvanized ebusweni kufanele lususwe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kobulukhuni.
5.2 Izinyathelo zokusebenza kokuhlola
Izinyathelo zokusebenza kokuhlola ziwumgogodla wenqubo yokuhlola ubulukhuni futhi zidinga ukusebenza ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso kanye nezincazelo ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ukukhethwa kwethuluzi nokulinganisa: Khetha ithuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni elifanele ngokuya ngebanga lobulukhuni kanye nezici zezinto ezibonakalayo zento yokuhlola. Isibonelo, kumaphini nemikhono ekhabhoni, kufanele kukhethwe abahloli bobulukhuni beRockwell; ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe kancane engakaphathwa ngokushisa, kufanele kukhethwe abahloli bobulukhuni beBrinell; kuma-roller anobulukhuni obuphezulu obuphezulu, kufanele kukhethwe abahloli bobulukhuni beVickers. Ngaphambi kokuhlola, ithuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni kumele lilinganiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunemba komthwalo, usayizi we-indenter kanye nesimo, kanye nokunemba kwedivayisi yokulinganisa kuhlangabezana nezidingo. Izinsimbi ezilinganisiwe ezifanelekile kufanele zihambisane nesitifiketi sokulinganisa, kanye nosuku lokulinganisa kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza kufanele kumakwe kuthuluzi.
Umsebenzi wokuhlola: Beka isampula ebhentshini lokusebenza lomhloli wobulukhuni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso besampula buqondile ku-indenter. Ngokwezinqubo zokusebenza zendlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni ekhethiwe, sebenzisa umthwalo bese uwugcina isikhathi esibekiwe, bese ususa umthwalo bese ulinganisa usayizi noma ukujula kokugoba. Isibonelo, ekuhlolweni kobulukhuni kweRockwell, i-indenter ye-diamond cone noma i-carbide ball icindezelwa ebusweni bezinto ezivivinywayo ngomthwalo othile (njenge-150kgf), bese umthwalo ususwa ngemva kwemizuzwana eyi-10-15, bese inani lobulukhuni lifundwa ngqo; ekuhlolweni kobulukhuni kweBrinell, ibhola lensimbi eqinile noma ibhola le-carbide elinobubanzi obuthile licindezelwa ebusweni bezinto ezivivinywayo ngaphansi komthwalo obekiwe (njenge-3000kgf), bese umthwalo ususwa ngemva kwemizuzwana eyi-10-15. Ububanzi bokugoba bulinganiswa kusetshenziswa imakroskopu yokufunda, futhi inani lobulukhuni litholakala ngokubala.
Ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, iphuzu ngalinye lokuhlola kufanele lihlolwe ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhathi eziningi, futhi inani elimaphakathi lithathwa njengomphumela wokugcina wokuhlolwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, iphuzu ngalinye lokuhlola kufanele lihlolwe ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhathi ezingu-3-5 ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha okulinganisa.
5.3 Ukuqoshwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha
Ukuqoshwa kwedatha nokuhlaziywa kwayo kuyisixhumanisi sokugcina enkambisweni yokuhlola ubulukhuni. Ngokuhlunga nokuhlaziya idatha yokuhlola, kungafinyelelwa eziphethweni zesayensi nezinengqondo, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukuqoshwa kwedatha: Yonke idatha etholwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlola kufanele iqoshwe ngokuningiliziwe embikweni wokuhlola, okuhlanganisa inombolo yesampula, indawo yokuhlola, indlela yokuhlola, inani lobulukhuni, usuku lokuhlola, abasebenzi bokuhlola kanye nolunye ulwazi. Amarekhodi edatha kufanele acace, anembile futhi aphelele ukuze kube lula ukubhekisela nokuhlaziywa okulandelayo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha: Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwedatha yokuhlola, ukubalwa kwamapharamitha ezibalo njengenani elijwayelekile lokuqina kanye nokuphambuka okujwayelekile kwephuzu ngalinye lokuhlola, kanye nokuhlolwa kokufana kanye nokuvumelana kokuqina. Isibonelo, uma ubulukhuni obujwayelekile bephini leqoqo lamaketanga okujikijela okunembile bungu-250HBW kanti ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kungu-5HBW, kusho ukuthi ubulukhuni beqoqo lamaketanga buyafana futhi ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuhle; uma ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kukhulu, kungase kube nokushintshashintsha kwekhwalithi enqubweni yokukhiqiza, futhi kudingeka uphenyo olwengeziwe lwembangela kanye nezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa.
Ukunqunywa kwemiphumela: Qhathanisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa nobubanzi bobulukhuni obuchazwe ezindinganisweni zikazwelonke noma zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi isampula iyafaneleka yini. Uma inani lobulukhuni bendawo yokuhlolwa lidlula ububanzi obuchazwe ezindinganisweni, njengokuthi ubulukhuni bephini bungaphansi kuka-229HBW noma ngaphezulu kuka-285HBW, uchungechunge lubhekwa njengomkhiqizo ongafaneleki futhi ludinga ukushiswa kabusha luphathwe noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo kuze kube yilapho inani lobulukhuni lihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile. Emikhiqizweni engafaneleki, izimo zayo ezingafaneleki kufanele zibhalwe ngokuningiliziwe futhi izizathu kufanele zihlaziywe ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa eziqondiwe ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
6. Izici ezithinta ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni
6.1 Umthelela wendawo yokuhlola
Indawo yokuhlola inethonya elibalulekile ekunembeni kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni bezintambo ezigoqekayo eziqondile.
Ithonya Lokushisa: Izinguquko zokushisa zizothinta ukunemba komhloli wokuqina kanye nokusebenza kokuqina kwezinto. Isibonelo, lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile liphezulu kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu, izingxenye zomshini kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zomhloli wokuqina zingakhula futhi zinciphe ngenxa yokushisa, okuholela emaphutheni okulinganisa. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elifanele kakhulu lomhloli wokuqina kukaBrinell, umhloli wokuqina kukaRockwell kanye nomhloli wokuqina kukaVickers lingu-10℃-35℃. Uma leli banga lokushisa lidluliwe, iphutha lokulinganisa lomhloli wokuqina linganda cishe ngo-±1HRC noma ±2HV. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithonya lokushisa ebunzimeni bezinto alinakwa. Isibonelo, ngezinto zokwakha ze-roller chain eqondile, njengensimbi engu-45#, ubulukhuni bayo bunganda kancane endaweni yokushisa ephansi, kanti endaweni yokushisa ephezulu, ubulukhuni buzoncipha. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni, kufanele kwenziwe endaweni yokushisa engaguquki ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi izinga lokushisa elizungezile ngaleso sikhathi kufanele liqoshwe ukuze kulungiswe imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ithonya lomswakama: Ithonya lomswakama ekuhlolweni kobulukhuni libonakala kakhulu ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi zomhloli wobulukhuni kanye nobuso besampula. Umswakama owedlulele ungabangela ukuthi izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zomhloli wobulukhuni zibe manzi, okuthinta ukunemba nokuqina kokulinganisa. Isibonelo, lapho umswakama ohlobene udlula u-80%, iphutha lokulinganisa lomhloli wobulukhuni linganda cishe ngo-±0.5HRC noma ±1HV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umswakama ungakha nefilimu yamanzi ebusweni besampula, okuthinta ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-indenter yomhloli wobulukhuni kanye nobuso besampula, okuholela emaphutheni okulinganisa. Ekuhlolweni kobulukhuni kwamaketanga okugoqa okunembile, kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe endaweni enomswakama ohlobene ongu-30%-70% ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ithonya lokudlidliza: Ukudlidliza endaweni yokuhlola kuzophazamisa ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni. Isibonelo, ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukusebenza kwemishini yokucubungula imishini eseduze kungabangela ukuthi i-indenter yomhloli wobulukhuni ibe nokuguquguquka okuncane ngesikhathi senqubo yokulinganisa, okuholela emaphutheni okulinganisa. Ukudlidliza kungathinta futhi ukunemba kokusetshenziswa komthwalo kanye nokuqina komhloli wobulukhuni, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukunemba kwenani lobulukhuni. Ngokuvamile, lapho wenza ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni endaweni enokudabuka okukhulu, iphutha lokulinganisa linganda cishe ngo-±0.5HRC noma ±1HV. Ngakho-ke, lapho wenza ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni, kufanele uzame ukukhetha indawo kude nomthombo wokudlidliza futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokunciphisa ukudlidliza, njengokufaka iphedi yokunciphisa ukudlidliza phansi komhloli wobulukhuni, ukuze unciphise umthelela wokudlidliza emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa.
6.2 Ithonya lomqhubi
Izinga lochwepheshe lomqhubi kanye nemikhuba yakhe yokusebenza kunomthelela obalulekile ekunembeni kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni bezintambo ezigoqekayo eziqondile.
Amakhono okusebenza: Ubuchwepheshe bomqhubi wemishini yokuhlola ubulukhuni buthinta ngqo ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Isibonelo, kumhloli wobulukhuni beBrinell, umqhubi udinga ukulinganisa ngokunembile ububanzi bokugoba, futhi iphutha lokulinganisa lingabangela ukuphambuka enanini lobulukhuni. Uma umqhubi engajwayelene nokusetshenziswa kwethuluzi lokulinganisa, iphutha lokulinganisa linganda cishe ngo-±2%. Kubahloli bobulukhuni beRockwell kanye nabahloli bobulukhuni beVickers, umqhubi udinga ukusebenzisa umthwalo ngendlela efanele futhi afunde inani lobulukhuni. Ukusebenza okungalungile kungabangela iphutha lokulinganisa ukuthi lande cishe ngo-±1HRC noma ±1HV. Ngakho-ke, umqhubi kufanele aqeqeshwe ngobungcweti futhi abe nekhono ezindleleni zokusebenza kanye nezinyathelo zokuqapha zethuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlola: Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlola komqhubi kuzothinta nokunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni. Abaqhubi abanolwazi bangahlulela kangcono izinkinga ezingase zivele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuzilungisa. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, uma inani lobulukhuni litholakala lingajwayelekile, abaqhubi abanolwazi bangahlulela ukuthi ngabe kukhona inkinga ngesampula uqobo, noma ukusebenza kokuhlola noma ithuluzi kwehluleka ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho nolwazi lobuchwepheshe, futhi babhekane nakho ngesikhathi. Abaqhubi abangenalwazi bangasingatha imiphumela engajwayelekile ngendlela engafanele, okuholela ekuhluleleni kabi. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kufanele agxile ekuhlakuleleni ulwazi lokuhlola lwabaqhubi futhi athuthukise izinga lokuhlola labaqhubi ngokuqeqeshwa njalo kanye nokuzijwayeza.
Umthwalo wemfanelo: Umthwalo wemfanelo wabaqhubi ubalulekile futhi ekunembeni kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni. Abaqhubi abanomqondo oqinile womthwalo wemfanelo bazolandela ngokuqinile amazinga kanye nemininingwane, babhale ngokucophelela idatha yokuhlolwa, futhi bahlaziye ngokucophelela imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umqhubi udinga ukuphinda ukuhlolwa kwephuzu ngalinye lokuhlolwa izikhathi eziningana futhi athathe inani elimaphakathi njengomphumela wokugcina wokuhlolwa. Uma umqhubi engenawo umthwalo wemfanelo, izinyathelo zokuhlola eziphindaphindwayo zingashiywa, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kufanele aqinise imfundo yomthwalo wemfanelo yabaqhubi ukuqinisekisa ukuqina nokunemba komsebenzi wokuhlola.
6.3 Umthelela wokunemba kwemishini
Ukunemba kwethuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni yamaketanga okugoqa okunembile.
Ukunemba kwethuluzi: Ukunemba kwethuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni kuthinta ngqo ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Isibonelo, iphutha lokulinganisa lomhloli wobulukhuni beBrinell ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kuka-±2%, iphutha lokulinganisa lomhloli wobulukhuni beRockwell ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kuka-±1HRC, kanti iphutha lokulinganisa lomhloli wobulukhuni beVickers ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kuka-±1HV. Uma ukunemba kwethuluzi kungahlangabezani nezidingo, ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa akunakuqinisekiswa. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha ithuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni, kufanele kukhethwe ithuluzi elinokunemba okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okuhle, futhi ukulinganiswa nokugcinwa kufanele kwenziwe njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunemba kwethuluzi kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlolwa.
Ukulinganiswa kwethuluzi: Ukulinganiswa kwethuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni kuyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ukulinganiswa kwethuluzi kufanele kwenziwe yi-ejensi yokulinganisa efanelekile noma abasebenzi abangochwepheshe futhi kusetshenziswe ngokuhambisana namazinga nezincazelo ezifanele. Okuqukethwe kokulinganiswa kufaka phakathi ukunemba komthwalo wethuluzi, usayizi nesimo se-indenter, ukunemba kwedivayisi yokulinganisa, njll. Umjikelezo wokulinganisa ngokuvamile unqunywa ngokwemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kanye nokuqina kwethuluzi, ngokuvamile izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya onyakeni owodwa. Izinsimbi ezilinganisiwe ezifanelekile kufanele zihambisane nesitifiketi sokulinganisa, futhi usuku lokulinganisa kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza kufanele kumakwe kuthuluzi. Uma ithuluzi lingalinganisiwe noma ukulinganiswa kwehluleka, ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa akunakuqinisekiswa. Isibonelo, umhloli wobulukhuni ongalinganisiwe angabangela ukuthi iphutha lokulinganisa lande cishe ngo-±2HRC noma ±5HV.
Ukugcinwa kwezinsimbi: Ukugcinwa kwezinsimbi zokuhlola ubulukhuni nakho kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi, ukunemba kungashintsha ngenxa yokuguga kwemishini, ukuguga kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, njll. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kufanele asungule uhlelo oluphelele lokugcinwa kwezinsimbi futhi alondoloze futhi alungise njalo ithuluzi. Isibonelo, hlanza njalo ilensi yokukhanya yensimbi, hlola ukuguga kwe-indenter, ulinganise inzwa yomthwalo, njll. Ngokulungiswa okuvamile, izinkinga ngensimbi zingatholakala futhi zixazululwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuzinza kwensimbi.
7. Ukunqunywa nokusetshenziswa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni
7.1 Indinganiso yokunquma imiphumela
Ukunqunywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni bamaketanga okugoqa okunembile kwenziwa ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezifanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyahlangabezana nezidingo.
Ukunqunywa kwezindinganiso zasekhaya: Ngokwezindinganiso zikazwelonke ezifana ne-GB/T 1243-2006 “Roller Chain, Bushing Roller Chain kanye neToothed Chain”, amaketanga okugoqa okunembile ezinto ezahlukene kanye nezinqubo zokwelapha ukushisa anezidingo ezicacile zobubanzi bokuqina. Isibonelo, kumaketanga okugoqa okunembile enziwe ngensimbi engu-45, ubunzima bezikhonkwane nama-bushing kufanele bulawulwe ku-229-285HBW; ubunzima bomphezulu weketanga ngemva kokwelashwa nge-carburizing kumele bufinyelele ku-58-62HRC, kanti ukujula kwesendlalelo se-carburizing kungu-0.8-1.2mm. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa idlula leli banga, njengokuthi ubunzima bephini bungaphansi kuka-229HBW noma ngaphezulu kuka-285HBW, kuzobhekwa njengobungafaneleki.
Ukwahlulela okujwayelekile kwamazwe ngamazwe: Ngokusho kwe-ISO 606 kanye nezinye izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, ububanzi bobulukhuni bamaketanga okujikijela ngokunemba okwenziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy ngokuvamile bungu-241-321HBW, ubulukhuni bomphezulu weketanga ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-nitriding kumele bufinyelele ku-600-800HV, futhi ukujula kwesendlalelo se-nitriding kuyadingeka kube ngu-0.3-0.6mm. Izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ziqinile kakhulu ekwahluleleni imiphumela. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingahlangabezani nezidingo, ngeke nje kuphela ukuthi iketanga lizokwahlulelwa njengelingafaneleki, kodwa neqembu elifanayo lemikhiqizo kuzodingeka liphindwe kabili ukuze kuthathwe isampula. Uma kusenemikhiqizo engafaneleki, iqembu lemikhiqizo kumele licutshungulwe kabusha.
Izidingo zokuphindaphinda kanye nokuphindaphinda: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, iphuzu ngalinye lokuhlola lidinga ukuhlolwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezingu-3-5, futhi inani elimaphakathi lithathwa njengomphumela wokugcina. Umehluko emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwesampula efanayo ngabasebenza abahlukene kufanele ulawulwe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile, njengokuthi umehluko emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni beRockwell ngokuvamile awudluli u-±1HRC, umehluko emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni beBrinell ngokuvamile awudluli u-±2%, kanye nomehluko emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni beVickers ngokuvamile awudluli u-±1HV.
7.2 Ukusetshenziswa kwemiphumela nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni ayiyona nje isisekelo sokunquma ukuthi umkhiqizo uyafaneleka yini, kodwa futhi iyindlela ebalulekile yokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi: Ngokuhlolwa kobulukhuni, izinkinga enqubweni yokukhiqiza, njengeziphambeko zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa okungafanele, zingatholakala ngesikhathi. Isibonelo, uma ukuhlolwa kuthola ukuthi ubulukhuni beketanga buphansi kunemfuneko ejwayelekile, kungase kube ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokwelashwa kokushisa alanele noma isikhathi sokubamba asanelanga; uma ubulukhuni buphakeme kunemfuneko ejwayelekile, kungase kube ukuthi ukucima ukwelashwa kokushisa kukhulu kakhulu. Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, inkampani ingalungisa inqubo yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuvumelana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo: Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuqina isiza ukwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza yamaketanga okugoqa anembile. Isibonelo, ngokuhlaziya izinguquko zokuqina kweketanga ngaphansi kwezinqubo ezahlukene zokwelashwa kokushisa, inkampani inganquma amapharamitha okwelashwa kokushisa afanele futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokukhathala kweketanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kunganikeza nesisekelo sokukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubunzima bezinto zokusetshenziswa buhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi iyonke yomkhiqizo.
Ukwamukelwa nokulethwa komkhiqizo: Ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo uphume efektri, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni iyisisekelo esibalulekile sokwamukelwa kwamakhasimende. Umbiko wokuhlolwa kobulukhuni ohlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile ungathuthukisa ukuzethemba kwamakhasimende ngomkhiqizo futhi ukhuthaze ukuthengiswa nokumaketha komkhiqizo. Ngemikhiqizo engahlangabezani nezindinganiso, inkampani idinga ukuyicubungula kabusha kuze kube yilapho iphumelela ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni ngaphambi kokuba ilethwe kumakhasimende, okusiza ukuthuthukisa idumela lemakethe yenkampani kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
Ukulandelelwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo: Ukuqoshwa nokuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni kunganikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha kokulandelelwa kwekhwalithi. Lapho kuvela izinkinga zekhwalithi, izinkampani zingalandelela imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuthola imbangela yenkinga futhi zithathe izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa eziqondiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuqongelela nokuhlaziya idatha yokuhlolwa kwesikhathi eside, izinkampani zingathola izinkinga zekhwalithi ezingaba khona kanye neziqondiso zokuthuthukisa izinqubo, futhi zifinyelele ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-18-2025