Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Zokwakha Amaketanga E-Roller Ezindaweni Ezinokushisa Okuphezulu

Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Zokwakha Amaketanga E-Roller Ezindaweni Ezinokushisa Okuphezulu

Ezindaweni zezimboni ezifana nokwelashwa kokushisa ngensimbi, ukubhaka ukudla, kanye namakhemikhali e-petrochemical,amaketanga okugoqa, njengezingxenye zokudlulisa eziyinhloko, zivame ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-150°C. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela ukuthi amaketanga avamile athambe, axube, agqwale, futhi ahluleke ukuthambisa. Imininingwane yezimboni ikhombisa ukuthi amaketanga ama-roller akhethwe ngendlela engafanele angafinyezwa isikhathi sawo sokuphila ngaphezu kuka-50% ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, okuholela nasekungasebenzini kwemishini. Lesi sihloko sigxile ezidingweni zokusebenza kwamaketanga ama-roller ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu, sihlaziya ngokuhlelekile izici kanye nomqondo wokukhetha wezinto ezahlukahlukene eziyinhloko ukusiza ochwepheshe bezimboni ukuthi bafinyelele ukuthuthukiswa okuzinzile ezinhlelweni zabo zokudlulisa.

I. Izinselele Eziyinhloko Zezindawo Ezinokushisa Okuphezulu Emaketangeni Ajikelezayo

Umonakalo kumaketanga okugoqa okubangelwa izindawo ezishisa kakhulu ungowezinhlobo eziningi. Izinselele eziyinhloko zisezicini ezimbili: ukuwohloka kokusebenza kwezinto kanye nokwehla kokuqina kwesakhiwo. Lezi futhi yizithiyo zobuchwepheshe okumele zinqotshwe ukukhethwa kwezinto:

- Ukuwohloka Kwezakhiwo Zemishini Yezinto: Insimbi yekhabhoni evamile ithambisa kakhulu ngaphezu kuka-300℃, amandla okudonsa ehla ngo-30%-50%, okuholela ekuphukeni kwepuleti leketanga, ukuguqulwa kwephini, kanye nokunye ukwehluleka. Insimbi ene-alloy ephansi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhekana nokuguguleka okusheshayo ngenxa ye-oxidation ye-intergranular emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okubangela ukunwebeka kweketanga kudlule imikhawulo evunyelwe.

- Ukwanda Kokugqwala Nokugqwala: I-oksijini, umhwamuko wamanzi, kanye nemidiya yezimboni (njengegesi ene-asidi kanye namafutha) ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu kusheshisa ukugqwala kobuso beketanga. Isikali se-oksijini esiphumelayo singabangela ukuminyana kwehinji, kuyilapho imikhiqizo yokugqwala inciphisa ukugcotshwa.

- Ukwehluleka Kwesistimu Yokugcoba: Uwoyela ojwayelekile wokugcoba amaminerali uyahwamuka bese uphenduka i-carbonize ngaphezu kuka-120℃, ulahlekelwe umphumela wawo wokugcoba. Lokhu kuholela ekukhuphukeni kwe-coefficient yokungqubuzana phakathi kwama-roller nama-pin, okwandisa izinga lokuguguleka izikhathi ezingu-4-6.

- Inselele Yokufaniswa Kokwanda Kokushisa: Uma ama-coefficients okwanda kokushisa kwezingxenye zeketanga (ama-chain plate, ama-pin, ama-rollers) ehluka kakhulu, izikhala zingase zikhule noma iketanga lingase libambeke ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kokushisa, okuthinta ukunemba kokudlulisela.

II. Izinhlobo Zezinto Eziyinhloko kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kokusebenza Kwamaketanga E-Roller Asezingeni Lokushisa Eliphezulu

Ngenxa yezici ezikhethekile zezimo zokusebenza ezishisa kakhulu, izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-roller chain zakhe izinhlelo ezintathu ezinkulu: insimbi engagqwali, insimbi engamelani nokushisa, kanye ne-alloys esekelwe ku-nickel. Izinto ngazinye zinamandla azo maqondana nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, amandla, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, okudinga ukufana okunembile ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile zokusebenza.

1. Uchungechunge Lwensimbi Engagqwali: Ukukhetha Okungabizi Kwezimo Zokusebenza Eziphakathi Nezinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu

Insimbi engagqwali, enokumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, isibe yinto ekhethwayo ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu neziphansi ngaphansi kuka-400℃. Phakathi kwazo, amamaki angu-304, 316, kanye no-310S yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-roller chain. Umehluko wokusebenza uvela kakhulu esilinganisweni sokuqukethwe kwe-chromium kanye ne-nickel.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izintambo zensimbi engagqwali “azinaphutha.” Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 ibonisa ukuzwela okungaphezu kuka-450℃, okuholela ekugqwaleni kwe-intergranular. Nakuba i-310S imelana nokushisa, izindleko zayo cishe ziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.5 kune-304, okudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezidingo zokuphila.

2. Uchungechunge Lwensimbi Olumelana Nokushisa: Abaholi Bamandla Emazingeni Okushisa Aphezulu

Uma amazinga okushisa okusebenza edlula u-800℃, amandla ensimbi engagqwali evamile ancipha kakhulu. Kuleli qophelo, insimbi engamelani nokushisa enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium kanye ne-nickel iba yisinqumo esiyinhloko. Lezi zinto, ngokulungiswa kwezilinganiso ze-alloy element, zakha ifilimu ye-oxide ezinzile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngenkathi igcina amandla amahle okuhamba:

- 2520 Insimbi Engamelani Nokushisa (Cr25Ni20Si2): Njengento evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseni okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa layo lenkonzo yesikhathi eside lingafinyelela ku-950℃, libonise ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezisebenzisa i-carburizing. Ngemva kokwelashwa kokusabalala kwe-chromium ebusweni, ukumelana nokugqwala kungathuthukiswa ngo-40%. Ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-conveyor e-furnace chain amaningi kanye nezinhlelo zokuhambisa i-furnace zegiya. Amandla ayo okudonseka ≥520MPa kanye nokunwebeka ≥40% amelana ngempumelelo nokuguquguquka kwesakhiwo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

- Insimbi engamelani nokushisa ye-Cr20Ni14Si2: Njengoba okuqukethwe kwayo kungaphansi kancane kuka-2520, inikeza inketho engabizi kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza eliqhubekayo lingafinyelela ku-850℃, okwenza lifaneleke ukusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu okuzwela izindleko njengokukhiqiza ingilazi kanye nokuthuthwa kwezinto eziphikisayo. Isici sayo esiyinhloko yi-coefficient yayo eqinile yokwanda kokushisa, okuholela ekuvumelaneni okungcono nezinto ze-sprocket kanye nokwehla kokushaqeka kokudlulisela.

3. Uchungechunge lwe-alloy olusekelwe ku-nickel: Isixazululo esiphelele sezimo zokusebenza ezinzima

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezidlula i-1000℃ noma lapho kukhona izinto ezigqwalisa kakhulu (njengokwelashwa kokushisa kwezingxenye zezindiza kanye nemishini yezimboni zenuzi), ama-alloy asekelwe ku-nickel ayizinto ezingenakuphindwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu kakhulu ekushiseni okuphezulu. Ama-alloy asekelwe ku-nickel, aboniswe yi-Inconel 718, aqukethe i-nickel engu-50%-55% futhi aqiniswa ngezinto ezifana ne-niobium ne-molybdenum, agcina izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini ngisho naku-1200℃.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zamaketanga e-alloy roller asekelwe ku-nickel yilezi: ① Amandla e-Creep angaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu kunensimbi engagqwali engu-310S; ngemva kwamahora angu-1000 okusebenza okuqhubekayo ku-1000℃, ukuguqulwa okuhlala njalo kungu-≤0.5%; ② Ukumelana nokugqwala okunamandla kakhulu, okukwazi ukumelana nemidiya eqinile egqwali njenge-sulfuric acid ne-nitric acid; ③ Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokukhathala kokushisa okuphezulu, okufanele izimo zokujikeleza kokushisa njalo. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zazo ziphindwe ka-5-8 kunensimbi engagqwali engu-310S, futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa ngokunemba okuphezulu.

4. Izinto Ezisizayo kanye Nobuchwepheshe Bokwelapha Okungaphezulu

Ngaphandle kokukhetha i-substrate, ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwendawo bubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Njengamanje, izinqubo ezijwayelekile zifaka: ① Ukungena kwe-Chromium: ukwakha ifilimu ye-Cr2O3 oxide ebusweni beketanga, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala ngo-40%, okufanelekela izindawo zamakhemikhali ezishisa kakhulu; ② Ukugqoka okufuthwayo okusekelwe ku-nickel: ezingxenyeni eziguga kalula njengezikhonkwane nama-roller, ubulukhuni bokugqoka bungafinyelela ku-HRC60 noma ngaphezulu, kwandise impilo yenkonzo izikhathi ezingu-2-3; ③ Ukugqoka kwe-Ceramic: kusetshenziswa ezimweni ezingaphezu kuka-1200℃, okuhlukanisa ngempumelelo i-oxidation yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okufanelekela imboni yensimbi.

III. I-Logic yokukhetha izinto kanye neziphakamiso ezisebenzayo zamaketanga e-roller anokushisa okuphezulu

Ukukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo akukhona nje ukuphishekela “uma ukumelana nokushisa kuphakeme, kungcono,” kodwa kunalokho kudinga ukusungula uhlelo lokuhlola olune-in-one “lwezindleko zokushisa-umthwalo-eziphakathi.” Lokhu okulandelayo kuyiziphakamiso ezisebenzayo zokukhetha ezimweni ezahlukene:

1. Cacisa Amapharamitha Okusebenza Ayinhloko

Ngaphambi kokukhetha, amapharamitha amathathu abalulekile kudingeka aqoqwe ngokunembile: ① Uhla lokushisa (izinga lokushisa lokusebenza eliqhubekayo, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, kanye nemvamisa yomjikelezo); ② Izimo zomthwalo (amandla alinganisiwe, i-coefficient yomthwalo womthelela); ③ Indawo yokusebenzela (ukuba khona komhwamuko wamanzi, amagesi ane-asidi, amafutha, njll.). Isibonelo, embonini yokubhaka ukudla, ngaphezu kokubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu angu-200-300℃, amaketanga kumele futhi ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka ze-FDA. Ngakho-ke, insimbi engagqwali engu-304 noma engu-316 iyindlela ekhethwayo, futhi ukumbozwa okuqukethe i-lead kufanele kugwenywe.

2. Ukukhetha Ngebanga Lokushisa

- Ibanga Lokushisa Eliphakathi (150-400℃): Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 iyindlela ekhethwayo; uma kwenzeka ukugqwala okuncane, thuthukela ku-316 insimbi engagqwali. Ukusebenzisa igrisi lokushisa eliphezulu lokudla (elifanele imboni yokudla) noma igrisi esekelwe ku-graphite (elifanele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni) kungandisa isikhathi sokuphila kweketanga sibe ngaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu kuneketanga elivamile.

- Ibanga Lokushisa Eliphezulu (400-800℃): Insimbi engagqwali engu-310S noma insimbi engagqwali ye-Cr20Ni14Si2 engashisi ukushisa iyona eyinhloko. Kunconywa ukufaka i-chromium-plating iketanga bese usebenzisa i-graphite grease yokushisa okuphezulu (ukumelana nokushisa ≥1000℃), ukugcwalisa kabusha ukuthambisa njalo ngemijikelezo engu-5000.

- Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-800℃): Khetha insimbi engashisi engu-2520 (ephakathi kuya kwephezulu) noma i-alloy esekelwe ku-Inconel 718 nickel (ephezulu) ngokusekelwe kwisabelomali sezindleko. Kulesi simo, kudingeka umklamo ongenawo amafutha noma amafutha aqinile (njenge-molybdenum disulfide coating) ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka kokugcoba.

3. Gcizelela ukufana kwezinto zokwakha kanye nesakhiwo

Ukuvumelana kokwanda kokushisa kwazo zonke izingxenye zeketanga kubalulekile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa amapuleti eketanga ensimbi engagqwali angu-310S, amaphini kufanele enziwe ngezinto ezifanayo noma abe nesilinganiso esifanayo sokwanda kokushisa njengensimbi engagqwali engu-2520 ukuze kugwenywe ukuvuleka okungavamile okubangelwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-roller aqinile kanye nezakhiwo zepuleti leketanga elijiyile kufanele kukhethwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuguquguquka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

4. Ifomula yokusebenzisa kahle izindleko yokulinganisela ukusebenza kanye nezindleko

Ezimweni zokusebenza ezingezona ezeqile, asikho isidingo sokukhetha ngokungacabangi izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Isibonelo, ezitsheni zokushisa ezivamile embonini yensimbi (izinga lokushisa elingu-500℃, akukho ukugqwala okunamandla), izindleko zokusebenzisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ze-310S cishe zingama-60% kunezensimbi ezingamelana nokushisa ze-2520, kodwa isikhathi sokuphila sincishiswa ngo-20% kuphela, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezindleko okuphezulu. Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kungabalwa ngokuphindaphinda izindleko zezinto nge-coefficient yokuphila, ukubeka phambili inketho ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu ngesikhathi ngasinye.

IV. Imibono Engalungile Yokukhetha Okuvamile Nezimpendulo Zemibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Umbono Ongalungile: Uma nje izinto zingamelana nokushisa, iketanga lizohlala lifaneleka?

Akulungile. Izinto zokwakha ziyisisekelo kuphela. Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo seketanga (njengosayizi wesikhala kanye neziteshi zokugcoba), inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa (njengokwelashwa kwesisombululo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okushisa aphezulu), kanye nokunemba kokufakwa konke kuthinta ukusebenza kokushisa okuphezulu. Isibonelo, iketanga lensimbi engagqwali le-310S lizoncishiswa amandla alo okushisa aphezulu ngo-30% uma lingazange liphathwe ngesisombululo ku-1030-1180℃.

2. Umbuzo: Ungaxazulula kanjani ukuminyana kweketanga ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu ngokulungisa izinto?

Ukuhlahlela kubangelwa kakhulu ukuxebuka kwesikali se-oxide noma ukwanda kokushisa okungalingani. Izixazululo: ① Uma kuyinkinga ye-oxidation, thuthukisa insimbi engagqwali engu-304 ibe yi-310S noma wenze ukwelashwa kwe-chromium plating; ② Uma kuyinkinga yokwanda kokushisa, hlanganisa izinto zazo zonke izingxenye zeketanga, noma ukhethe amaphini e-alloy asekelwe ku-nickel ane-coefficient ephansi yokwanda kokushisa.

3. Umbuzo: Amaketanga okushisa okuphezulu embonini yokudla angalinganisa kanjani izidingo zokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nenhlanzeko?

Beka phambili insimbi engagqwali engu-304 noma engu-316L, ugweme ukumbozwa okuqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo; sebenzisa umklamo ongenamigoqo ukuze kube lula ukuhlanza; sebenzisa uwoyela wokugcoba osezingeni eliphezulu oqinisekisiwe yi-FDA noma isakhiwo esizigcobayo (njengeketanga eliqukethe i-PTFE lubricant).

V. Isifinyezo: Kusukela Ekukhetheni Izinto Kuya Ekuthembekeni Kwesistimu

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zochungechunge lwe-roller zezindawo ezinokushisa okuphezulu kuhilela ukuthola ikhambi elifanele phakathi kwezimo zokusebenza ezimbi kakhulu nezindleko zezimboni. Kusukela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezomnotho kwensimbi engagqwali engu-304, kuya ebhalansi yokusebenza kwensimbi engagqwali engu-310S, bese kuba yimpumelelo yokugcina yama-alloy asekelwe ku-nickel, into ngayinye ihambisana nezidingo ezithile zesimo sokusebenza. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezinto, izinto ezintsha ze-alloy ezihlanganisa amandla okushisa aphezulu nezindleko eziphansi zizoba umkhuba. Kodwa-ke, kulesi sigaba samanje, ukuqoqa ngokunembile amapharamitha okusebenza nokusungula uhlelo lokuhlola lwesayensi kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokufeza izinhlelo zokudlulisa ezizinzile nezithembekile.