Isingeniso sezinqubo ezivamile zokwelapha ukushisa zamaketanga e-roller

Isingeniso sezinqubo ezivamile zokwelapha ukushisa zamaketanga e-roller
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amaketanga e-roller, inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo. Ngokwelashwa kokushisa, amandla, ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokuqina kwamaketanga e-roller kungathuthukiswa kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe impilo yawo yesevisi futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi. Okulandelayo yisingeniso esiningiliziwe sezinqubo eziningana ezivamile zokwelashwa kokushisa kwamaketanga e-roller:

I. Inqubo yokucima nokulungisa
(I) Ukucima
Ukucima kuyinqubo yokushisa iketanga le-roller ezingeni lokushisa elithile (ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwe-Ac3 noma i-Ac1), lihlale lifudumele isikhathi esithile, bese liphola ngokushesha. Inhloso yalo ukwenza iketanga le-roller lithole ubulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nesakhiwo se-martensitic esinamandla aphezulu. Imidiya yokucima evame ukusetshenziswa ifaka amanzi, uwoyela kanye namanzi anosawoti. Amanzi anejubane lokupholisa elisheshayo futhi afaneleka kumaketanga e-roller anezimo ezilula nosayizi omncane; uwoyela unejubane lokupholisa elihamba kancane futhi afaneleka kumaketanga e-roller anezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nosayizi omkhulu.
(II) Ukulinganisela
Ukushisa kuyinqubo yokuphinda ufudumale iketanga le-roller elicishiwe liye ekushiseni okuthile (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwe-Ac1), lihlale lifudumele, bese liphola. Inhloso yalo ukususa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa yinqubo yokushisa, ukulungisa ubulukhuni, nokuthuthukisa ukuqina. Ngokusho kwezinga lokushisa lokushisa, lingahlukaniswa libe yi-tempering ephansi (150℃-250℃), i-tempering ephansi (350℃-500℃) kanye ne-tempering ephansi (500℃-650℃). Ukushisa okuphansi kungathola isakhiwo se-martensite esiqinisiwe ngobunzima obuphezulu nokuqina okuhle; i-tempering ephansi kungathola isakhiwo se-troostite esiqinisiwe esinamandla aphezulu okukhiqiza kanye ne-plasticity enhle nokuqina; i-tempering ephansi kungathola isakhiwo se-troostite esiqinisiwe esinezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini eziphelele.

2. Inqubo yokufaka i-carburizing
I-Carburizing iwukwenza ama-athomu e-carbon angene ebusweni bochungechunge lwe-roller ukuze akhe ungqimba lwe-carburizing olunekhabhoni ephezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, kuyilapho umongo usagcina ukuqina kwensimbi enesikhabhoni esincane. Izinqubo ze-carburizing zifaka phakathi i-carburizing eqinile, i-carburizing yegesi kanye ne-carburizing ewuketshezi. Phakathi kwazo, i-carburizing yegesi iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngokubeka uchungechunge lwe-roller emoyeni we-carburizing, ama-athomu e-carbon afakwa ebusweni ngesikhathi esithile sokushisa nesikhathi. Ngemva kwe-carburizing, ukucima kanye nokushisa okuphansi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.

3. Inqubo yokufaka i-nitriding
I-nitriding iwukufaka ama-athomu e-nitrogen ebusweni bochungechunge lwe-roller ukuze kwakheke ama-nitride, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye namandla okukhathala. Inqubo ye-nitriding ifaka phakathi i-nitriding yegesi, i-ion nitriding kanye ne-nitriding yoketshezi. I-nitriding yegesi iwukubeka uchungechunge lwe-roller endaweni equkethe i-nitrogen, futhi ngesikhathi esithile sokushisa nesikhathi, kuvumela ama-athomu e-nitrogen ukuthi angene ebusweni. Uchungechunge lwe-roller ngemva kwe-nitriding lunobulukhuni obuphezulu bomphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kokuguguleka, kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane, okufanelekela amaketanga e-roller anezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

4. Inqubo yokukhipha i-carbonitriding
I-Carbonitriding iwukufaka ikhabhoni ne-nitrogen ebusweni be-roller chain ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze kwakheke ama-carbonitride, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye namandla okukhathala. Inqubo ye-carbonitriding ifaka phakathi i-gas carbonitriding kanye ne-liquid carbonitriding. I-gas carbonitriding iwukubeka i-roller chain emoyeni oqukethe ikhabhoni ne-nitrogen, futhi ngesikhathi sokushisa nesikhathi esithile, kuvumela ikhabhoni ne-nitrogen ukuthi zingene ebusweni ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-roller chain ngemva kwe-carbonitriding inobulukhuni obuphezulu bomphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuhle, kanye nokusebenza okuhle kokulwa nokuluma.

5. Inqubo yokuhlanganisa
I-Annealing inqubo lapho i-roller chain ishiswa khona ekushiseni okuthile (ngokuvamile i-30-50℃ ngaphezu kwe-Ac3), igcinwe ifudumele isikhathi esithile, ipholiswe kancane kancane ibe ngaphansi kwama-500℃ ngesithando somlilo, bese ipholiswa emoyeni. Inhloso yayo ukunciphisa ubulukhuni, ukuthuthukisa i-plasticity nokuqina, kanye nokwenza lula ukucubungula kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa okulandelayo. I-roller chain ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-annealing inesakhiwo esifanayo kanye nobunzima obuphakathi, okungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika.

6. Inqubo yokwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile
Ukulungisa kabusha inqubo lapho uchungechunge lwe-roller lushiswa khona kufike ezingeni lokushisa elithile (ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwe-Ac3 noma i-Acm), lugcinwe lufudumele, lukhishwe esithandweni bese lupholiswa emoyeni. Inhloso yalo ukucwenga okusanhlamvu, ukwenza isakhiwo sifane, ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni namandla, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika. Uchungechunge lwe-roller ngemva kokulungisa kabusha lunesakhiwo esifanayo kanye nobunzima obuphakathi, obungasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa noma njengokwelashwa kokushisa kokuqala.

7. Inqubo yokwelapha ukuguga
Ukwelashwa kokuguga kuyinqubo lapho uchungechunge lwe-roller lushiswa khona lifike ezingeni lokushisa elithile, lugcinwe lufudumele isikhathi esithile, bese lupholiswa. Inhloso yalo ukususa ukucindezeleka okusele, ukuzinzisa usayizi, nokuthuthukisa amandla nokuqina. Ukwelashwa kokuguga kuhlukaniswe ukuguga kwemvelo kanye nokuguga okwenziwayo. Ukuguga kwemvelo ukubeka uchungechunge lwe-roller ekushiseni kwegumbi noma ezimweni zemvelo isikhathi eside ukuze kuqedwe kancane kancane ukucindezeleka kwalo okusele; ukuguga okwenziwayo ukushisisa uchungechunge lwe-roller ekushiseni okuphezulu nokwenza ukwelashwa kokuguga ngesikhathi esifushane.

8. Inqubo yokucima ubuso
Ukucima ubuso kuyinqubo yokushisa ubuso be-roller chain kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elithile bese ipholisa ngokushesha. Inhloso yayo ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bobuso kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, kuyilapho umongo usagcina ukuqina okuhle. Izinqubo zokucima ubuso zifaka phakathi ukucima ubuso bokushisa ngokungenisa, ukucima ubuso bokushisa ilangabi, kanye nokucima ubuso bokushisa ngokuxhumana nogesi. Ukucima ubuso bokushisa ngokungenisa kusebenzisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa ugesi obangelwa ukushisa ubuso be-roller chain, okunezinzuzo zesivinini sokushisa esisheshayo, ikhwalithi enhle yokucima, kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane.

9. Inqubo yokuqinisa ubuso
Inqubo yokuqinisa ubuso iwukwakha ungqimba lokuqinisa olunezakhiwo ezikhethekile ebusweni bochungechunge lwe-roller ngezindlela zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bobuso, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye namandla okukhathala. Izinqubo ezivamile zokuqinisa ubuso zifaka phakathi ukuchama ngokudubula, ukuqinisa ukugoqa, ukuqinisa ukungena kwensimbi, njll. Ukuchama ngokudubula ukusebenzisa i-shot esheshayo ukuze kuthinte ubuso bochungechunge lwe-roller, ukuze kukhiqizwe ukucindezeleka okusele ebusweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe amandla okukhathala; ukuqinisa ukugoqa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okugoqa ukugoqa ubuso bochungechunge lwe-roller, ukuze ubuso bukhiqize ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bobuso kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.

10. Inqubo eyisicefe
Ukubhoboza kusho ukungena kuma-athomu e-boron ebusweni bochungechunge lwe-roller ukuze kwakheke ama-boride, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Izinqubo zokubhoboza zifaka phakathi ukubhoboza kwegesi kanye nokubhoboza koketshezi. Ukubhoboza kwegesi kusho ukubeka uchungechunge lwe-roller emoyeni oqukethe i-boron, futhi ngesikhathi esithile sokushisa nesikhathi, kuvumela ama-athomu e-boron ukuthi angene ebusweni. Uchungechunge lwe-roller ngemuva kokubhoboza lunobulukhuni obuphezulu bomphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kokuguguleka, kanye nokusebenza okuhle kokulwa nokuluma.

11. Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa yokucima ukushisa kwesibili okuhlanganisiwe
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kokucima okwesibili okuhlanganisiwe kuyinqubo yokwelapha ukushisa ethuthukisiwe, ethuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwamaketanga okugoqa ngezinqubo ezimbili zokucima nokushisa. Le nqubo ivame ukufaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
(I) Ukucima kokuqala
Iketanga le-roller lishiswa lifike ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme (ngokuvamile liphakeme kunezinga lokushisa elivamile lokucima) ukuze liqinise ngokuphelele isakhiwo salo sangaphakathi, bese lipholiswa ngokushesha ukuze lakhe isakhiwo se-martensitic. Inhloso yalesi sinyathelo ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni namandla eketanga le-roller.
(II) Ukushisa kokuqala
Iketanga eligoqekayo ngemva kokucima kokuqala lishiswa lifike ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi (ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-300℃ -500℃), ligcinwe lifudumele isikhathi esithile bese lipholiswa. Inhloso yalesi sinyathelo ukususa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa yinqubo yokucima, ngenkathi kulungiswa ubulukhuni futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuqina.
(III) Ukucima kwesibili
Iketanga le-roller ngemva kokushisa kokuqala liyashiswa futhi liye ekushiseni okuphezulu, kodwa liphansi kancane kunezinga lokushisa lokuqala lokucima, bese liphola ngokushesha. Inhloso yalesi sinyathelo ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo se-martensitic nokuthuthukisa ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kweketanga le-roller.
(IV) Ukushisa kwesibili
Iketanga eligoqekayo ngemva kokucima kwesibili liyashiswa liye ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi (ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-150℃-250℃), ligcinwe lifudumele isikhathi esithile bese lipholiswa. Inhloso yalesi sinyathelo ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, ukuzinzisa usayizi, nokugcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.

12. Inqubo yokufaka i-carburizing yoketshezi
I-liquid carburizing inqubo ekhethekile ye-carburizing evumela ama-athomu e-carbon ukuthi angene ebusweni ngokucwilisa uchungechunge lwe-roller endaweni ye-liquid carburizing. Le nqubo inezinzuzo zesivinini se-carburizing esisheshayo, ungqimba lwe-carburizing olufanayo, kanye nokulawula okuhle. Ifanele amaketanga e-roller anezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu. Ngemva kwe-liquid carburing, ukucima kanye nokushisa okuphansi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.

13. Inqubo yokuqinisa
Ukuqina kubhekisela ekuthuthukiseni ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka ngokuthuthukisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-roller chain. Izinyathelo ezithile yilezi ezilandelayo:
(I) Ukushisa
Iketanga eligoqekayo lishiswa lifike ezingeni lokushisa eliqina ukuze lincibilikise futhi lisakaze izinto ezifana nekhabhoni ne-nitrogen kuketanga.
(ii) Ukuvikela ukushisa
Ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokushisa lokuqina, gcina isikhathi esithile sokushisa ukuze izinto zisabalale ngokulinganayo futhi zakhe ikhambi eliqinile.
(iii) Ukupholisa
Pholisa iketanga ngokushesha, isixazululo esiqinile sizokwakha isakhiwo esihle sezinhlamvu, sithuthukise ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.

14. Inqubo Yokungena Kwensimbi
Inqubo yokungena kwensimbi iwukungena izakhi zensimbi ebusweni bochungechunge lwe-roller ukuze kwakheke ama-metal compounds, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Izinqubo ezivamile zokungena kwensimbi zifaka phakathi i-chromization kanye nokungena kwe-vanadium. Inqubo ye-chromization iwukubeka uchungechunge lwe-roller emoyeni oqukethe i-chromium, futhi ngesikhathi esithile sokushisa nesikhathi, ama-athomu e-chromium angena ebusweni ukuze akhe ama-chromium compounds, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.

15. Inqubo Yokwenza I-Aluminium Ingasebenzi
Inqubo yokwenza i-aluminiyamu iwukufaka ama-athomu e-aluminium ebusweni bochungechunge lwe-roller ukuze kwakheke ama-compound e-aluminium, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwe-oxidation ebusweni kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Izinqubo zokwenza i-aluminiyamu zifaka phakathi i-gas aluminiyamu kanye ne-liquid aluminiyamu. I-gas aluminiyamu iwukubeka uchungechunge lwe-roller emoyeni oqukethe i-aluminium, futhi ngesikhathi esithile sokushisa nesikhathi, ama-athomu e-aluminium angena ebusweni. Ubuso bochungechunge lwe-roller ngemva kokungena kwe-aluminium bunokumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi bufanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokushisa eziphakeme kanye nezindawo ezigqwalayo.

16. Inqubo yokungena ngethusi
Inqubo yokungena ngethusi iwukufaka ama-athomu ethusi ebusweni bochungechunge lwe-roller ukuze kwakheke ama-compounds ethusi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuguguleka kobuso kanye nokusebenza kokulwa nokuluma. Inqubo yokungena ngethusi ifaka phakathi ukungena ngethusi legesi kanye nokungena ngethusi eliwuketshezi. Ukungena ngethusi legesi ukubeka uchungechunge lwe-roller emoyeni oqukethe ithusi, futhi ngesikhathi esithile sokushisa nesikhathi, ama-athomu ethusi afakwa ebusweni. Ubuso bochungechunge lwe-roller ngemva kokungena ngethusi bunokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka kanye nokusebenza kokulwa nokuluma, futhi bufanele ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo zesivinini esikhulu kanye nemithwalo esindayo.

17. Inqubo yokungena kwe-titanium
Inqubo yokungena kwe-titanium iwukufaka ama-athomu e-titanium ebusweni bochungechunge lwe-roller ukuze kwakheke ama-titanium compounds, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Inqubo yokungena kwe-titanium ifaka phakathi ukungena kwe-titanium yegesi kanye nokungena kwe-titanium okuwuketshezi. Ukungena kwe-titanium yegesi ukubeka uchungechunge lwe-roller emoyeni oqukethe i-titanium, futhi ngesikhathi esithile sokushisa nesikhathi, ama-athomu e-titanium afakwa ebusweni. Ubuso bochungechunge lwe-roller ngemva kokungena kwe-titanium bunobulukhuni obuhle kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, futhi bufanelekela izimo zokusebenza ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nezidingo zokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu.

18. Inqubo yokuhlanganisa i-cobalti
Inqubo ye-cobalt iwukufaka ama-athomu e-cobalt ebusweni bochungechunge lwe-roller ukuze kwakheke ama-compound e-cobalt, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kobuso. Inqubo ye-cobalt ifaka phakathi i-gas cobalt kanye ne-liquid cobalt. I-gas cobalt iwukubeka uchungechunge lwe-roller endaweni equkethe i-cobalt, futhi ngesikhathi esithile sokushisa nesikhathi, ama-athomu e-cobalt afakwa ebusweni. Ubuso bochungechunge lwe-roller ngemva kwe-cobalt bunobulukhuni obuhle kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, futhi bufanelekela izimo zokusebenza ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nezidingo zokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu.

19. Inqubo ye-Zirconization
Inqubo ye-zirconization iwukufaka ama-athomu e-zirconium ebusweni bochungechunge lwe-roller ukuze kwakheke ama-compound e-zirconium, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kobuso. Inqubo ye-zirconization ifaka phakathi i-zirconization yegesi kanye ne-zirconization yoketshezi. I-zirconization yegesi iwukubeka uchungechunge lwe-roller emoyeni oqukethe i-zirconium, futhi ngesikhathi sokushisa nesikhathi esithile, ama-athomu e-zirconium afakwa ebusweni. Ubuso bochungechunge lwe-roller ngemva kwe-zirconization bunobulukhuni obuhle kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, futhi bufanelekela izimo zokusebenza ezinobulukhuni obukhulu kanye nezidingo zokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu.

20. Inqubo yokungena kwe-molybdenum
Inqubo yokungena kwe-molybdenum iwukufaka ama-athomu e-molybdenum ebusweni bochungechunge lwe-roller ukuze kwakheke ama-compound e-molybdenum, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kobuso. Inqubo yokungena kwe-molybdenum ifaka phakathi ukungena kwe-gas molybdenum kanye nokungena kwe-liquid molybdenum. Ukungena kwe-gas molybdenum ukubeka uchungechunge lwe-roller emoyeni oqukethe i-molybdenum, futhi ngesikhathi esithile sokushisa nesikhathi, kuvumela ama-athomu e-molybdenum ukuthi angene ebusweni. Ubuso bochungechunge lwe-roller ngemva kokungena kwe-molybdenum bunobulukhuni obuhle kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, futhi bufanelekela izimo zokusebenza ezidinga ubulukhuni obukhulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu.