Isingeniso sezinqubo ezivamile zokwelapha ukushisa zamaketanga

Isingeniso sezinqubo ezivamile zokwelapha ukushisa zamaketanga
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza uchungechunge, inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kochungechunge. Ngokwelashwa kokushisa, amandla, ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nempilo yokukhathala yochungechunge kungathuthukiswa kakhulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe izinqubo ezivamile zokwelashwa kokushisa zeamaketanga, okuhlanganisa ukucima, ukufudumala, ukufaka i-carburizing, ukufaka i-nitriding, ukufaka i-carbonitriding nezinye izinqubo

1. Ukubuka konke kwenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa
Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kuyinqubo eshintsha isakhiwo sangaphakathi sezinto zensimbi ngokushisa, ukuvikela kanye nokupholisa ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza okudingekayo. Kumaketanga, ukwelashwa ngokushisa kungenza ngcono izakhiwo zawo zemishini futhi kuzigcine zisebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi.

2. Inqubo yokucima
Ukucima kungenye yezinqubo ezivame kakhulu ekwelashweni kokushisa kweketanga. Inhloso ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni namandla eketanga ngokupholisa ngokushesha. Nazi izinyathelo ezithile zenqubo yokucima:
1. Ukushisa
Shisisa iketanga libe yizinga lokushisa elifanele, ngokuvamile izinga lokushisa lokucima lezinto ezibonakalayo. Isibonelo, kumaketanga ensimbi yekhabhoni, izinga lokushisa lokucima ngokuvamile licishe libe ngu-850℃.
2. Ukuvikela
Ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokushisa lokucima, gcina isikhathi esithile sokushisa ukuze wenze izinga lokushisa langaphakathi leketanga lifane. Isikhathi sokushisa ngokuvamile sinqunywa ngokobukhulu kanye nezakhiwo zezinto zeketanga.
3. Ukucima
Iketanga lifakwa ngokushesha endaweni yokucima umlilo efana namanzi abandayo, uwoyela noma amanzi anosawoti. Ukukhetha indawo yokucima umlilo kuncike ezintweni zokwakha kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kweketanga. Isibonelo, kumaketanga ensimbi anekhabhoni ephezulu, ukucima uwoyela kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuguquka.
4. Ukulinganisela
Iketanga elicishiwe lizokhiqiza ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwangaphakathi, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyadingeka. Ukushisa kuwukushisa iketanga elicishiwe lifike ezingeni lokushisa elifanele (ngokuvamile elingaphansi kwe-Ac1), uligcine lifudumele isikhathi esithile, bese ulipholisa. Ukushisa kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi futhi kwandise ukuqina kweketanga.

III. Inqubo yokunciphisa
Ukushisa kuyinqubo eyengeziwe ngemva kokucima. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukususa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, ukulungisa ubulukhuni nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokucubungula. Ngokusho kwezinga lokushisa lokushisa, ukushisa kungahlukaniswa kube ukushisa okuphansi (150℃-250℃), ukushisa okuphakathi (350℃-500℃) kanye nokushisa okuphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-500℃). Isibonelo, kumaketanga adinga ukuqina okuphezulu, ukushisa okuphakathi kuvame ukusetshenziswa.

IV. Inqubo yokufaka i-carburizing
I-Carburizing inqubo yokuqinisa ubuso, esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kobuso beketanga. Inqubo ye-carburizing ifaka phakathi izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukushisa
Shisisa uchungechunge kuze kufike ekushiseni kwe-carburizing, ngokuvamile 900℃-950℃.

2. Ukufaka i-carburizing
Beka uchungechunge endaweni yokugaya i-carburizing, njengesixazululo se-sodium cyanide noma umoya wokugaya i-carburizing, ukuze ama-athomu e-carbon asakazeke ebusweni nangaphakathi kochungechunge.

3. Ukucima
Iketanga elifakwe i-carburing lidinga ukucinywa ukuze kuqiniswe ungqimba olufakwe i-carburing futhi kwandiswe ubulukhuni.

4. Ukulinganisela
Iketanga elicishiwe liyashintshwa ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi futhi kulungiswe ubulukhuni.

5. Inqubo yokufaka i-nitriding
I-nitriding inqubo yokuqinisa ubuso ethuthukisa ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kweketanga ngokwakha ungqimba lwe-nitride ebusweni beketanga. Inqubo ye-nitriding ivame ukwenziwa ekushiseni okungu-500℃-600℃, futhi isikhathi se-nitriding sinqunywa ngokuya ngobukhulu kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kweketanga.

6. Inqubo yokukhipha i-carbonitriding
Ukufaka i-carbonitriding kuyinqubo ehlanganisa izinzuzo zokufaka i-carburizing kanye ne-nitriding, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kobuso beketanga. Inqubo yokufaka i-carbonitriding ifaka phakathi ukushisa, ukufaka i-nitriding, ukucima kanye nokushisa.

7. Inqubo yokucima ubuso
Ukucima ubuso kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kobuso beketanga ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuqina ngaphakathi. Ukucima ubuso kungahlukaniswa ngokucima ubuso bokushisa okungenisiwe, ukucima ubuso bokushisa ilangabi kanye nokucima ubuso bokushisa ngokuxhumana nogesi ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokushisa.
1. Ukucima ubuso bokushisa kwe-induction
Ukucima ubuso bokushisa kwe-induction kusebenzisa isimiso sokungenisa kwe-electromagnetic ukushisa ubuso beketanga ngokushesha kuze kufike ekushiseni kokucima bese kupholisa ngokushesha. Le ndlela inezinzuzo zesivinini sokushisa esisheshayo kanye nokujula kwesendlalelo sokucima okulawulwayo.
2. Ukucima Ubuso Bokushisa Amalangabi
Ukucima ubuso bokushisa ilangabi ukusebenzisa ilangabi ukushisa ubuso beketanga bese ulicima. Le ndlela ifaneleka kumaketanga amakhulu noma ukucima kwendawo.

VIII. Ukwelashwa Kokuguga
Ukwelashwa kokuguga kuyinqubo ethuthukisa izakhiwo zezinto zensimbi ngezindlela zemvelo noma zokwenziwa. Ukwelashwa kokuguga kwemvelo kuwukubeka umsebenzi endaweni yokushisa yegumbi isikhathi eside, kuyilapho ukwelashwa kokuguga okwenziwe kufezwa ngokufudumeza kufike ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme nokuyigcina ifudumele isikhathi esifushane.

IX. Ukukhethwa kwenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa
Ukukhethwa kwenqubo efanele yokwelapha ukushisa kudinga ukucatshangelwa okubanzi kwezinto zokwakha, indawo yokusetshenziswa kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kweketanga. Isibonelo, kumaketanga anemithwalo ephezulu kanye namelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu, izinqubo zokucima nokushisa ziyizinketho ezivamile; kanti kumaketanga adinga ubulukhuni obuphezulu bomphezulu, izinqubo ze-carburizing noma ze-carbonitriding zifaneleka kakhulu.
X. Ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kubalulekile. Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, imingcele efana nokushisa kokushisa, isikhathi sokubamba kanye nesilinganiso sokupholisa kudingeka ilawulwe ngokuqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka komphumela wokwelapha ukushisa.

Isiphetho
Ngenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa engenhla, ukusebenza kochungechunge kungathuthukiswa kakhulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa. Lapho bekhetha izintambo, abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuningi kufanele baqonde inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kwamaketanga ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa kanye nezidingo zokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ethengiwe ingahlangabezana nezidingo zabo zokusetshenziswa.