Ukumelana Nomthelela Weziketanga Ze-Roller Zemishini Yezolimo

Ukumelana Nomthelela Weziketanga Ze-Roller Zemishini Yezolimo

Ngejubane elisheshayo lokusetshenziswa kwemishini yezolimo, imishini yezolimo isibe yingxenye ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwezolimo. Njenge-"power link" ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa imishini yezolimo, ukusebenza kwamaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo kunquma ngqo ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwemisebenzi yemishini yezolimo. Ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nezishintsha njalo ensimini, amaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo avame ukubhekana nemithwalo eyahlukahlukene yomthelela. Ngakho-ke, ukumelana okuhle komthelela sekuyisinkomba esibalulekile sekhwalithi yeketanga lokugoqa imishini yezolimo. Lesi sihloko, sibhekisela ezimweni zangempela zokusebenza kwemishini yezolimo, sizohlaziya ngokujulile ukubalulekauchungechunge lwemishini yezolimoukumelana nomthelela, izimiso zayo zobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokuqinisekisa, kanye nenani eliwusizo elililetha ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, okunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele kwalo "mqaphi ofihliwe" ngaphakathi kwemishini yezolimo.

I. “Ukuhlolwa Okuqinile” Kokusebenza Kwemishini Yezolimo: Kungani Ukumelana Nomthelela Kubaluleke Kangaka? Izindawo zokukhiqiza ezolimo zihluke kakhulu ezindaweni ezizinzile zezindawo zokusebenzela zezimboni. Imishini yezolimo esebenza ensimini kumele ibhekane nezimo ezahlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinzima, ngokuvamile ezifaka amaketanga emishini emlilweni omkhulu. Ukumelana nomthelela okunganele kungathinta ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kahle, noma kuholele nasekuhlulekeni kwemishini, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho.

(I) Imithelela Yendawo Eyinkimbinkimbi Yensimu

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isebenza emathafeni agudlayo noma emagqumeni aqinile endaweni enamagquma nezintaba, imishini yezolimo ibhekana namazinga ahlukahlukene okushukuma nokudlidliza ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kushukuma kudluliselwa ngqo kumaketanga okujikijela ku-drivetrain, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusebenza. Isibonelo, lapho umshini wokuvuna ohlanganisiwe uhlangana nomugqa noma indawo ephakanyisiwe yomhlabathi ngesikhathi sokuvuna, amasondo aphakama futhi awe ngokuzumayo, okudala ukushayisana okukhulu endaweni yokuxhuma phakathi kweketanga ne-sprocket. Uma ukumelana komthelela weketanga kubuthakathaka, izinkinga ezifana nokuguquguquka kwesixhumanisi kanye nokuphuka kwephini kungenzeka kakhulu. (2) Ukuguquguquka Okukhulu Emithwalweni Yokusebenza Kwemishini Yezolimo

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini yezolimo, imithwalo ayihlali izinzile kodwa ivame ukushintshashintsha kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho itrekta idonsa imishini yezolimo ukuze ilime, uma ukujula kokulima kukhula ngokuzumayo noma uma ihlangana nomhlabathi oqinile noma amatshe, ukumelana kokudonsa kuyanda ngokushesha, okubangela ukuthi i-torque ku-drive chain ikhuphuke kakhulu, okuholela ekushayweni okukhulu komthelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuqala, ukubhuleka, kanye nokushintsha, i-chain ibhekana nokushaywa kwe-inertial ngenxa yokushintsha kwesivinini okungazelelwe. Uma le miphumela iqoqana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isheshisa ukuguguleka kwe-chain kanye nokukhathala, ifinyeze impilo yayo yokusebenza.

(3) Umthelela Ohlanganisiwe Wezinto Ezimbi Zemvelo

Imisebenzi yezolimo ivame ukwenziwa ngaphandle, lapho imvula, udaka, uthuli, kanye notshani bezitshalo kanye nemfucumfucu kungena njalo ezindaweni zokubopha uchungechunge. Lokhu kungcola akugcini nje ngokwenza kube kubi kakhulu ukuguguleka kweketanga kodwa futhi kuthinta ukunemba kokudluliselwa, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kweketanga nokugxuma ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okwandisa umonakalo obangelwa yimithwalo yomthelela. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuvunwa kwelayisi, amasimu anamanzi futhi anodaka. Udaka lungena ochungechungeni, luxubana nokugcoba ukuze kwakheke udaka, kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kweketanga futhi kwandise umthelela ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Njengoba kungabonakala, amaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo abhekene nemithwalo yethonya enezici eziningi futhi enamandla kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo. Ukumelana kwawo nomthelela kuhlobene ngqo nokusebenza kahle, impilo yesevisi, kanye nokuqhubeka komkhiqizo wezolimo. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo olujulile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokumelana nomthelela wamaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu yokusebenzisa imishini yezolimo.

II. Ukumelana Nomthelela Wokudiliza: "Ubuchwepheshe Obuqinile" Obusekela Amaketanga Okujikijela Emishini Yezolimo

Ukumelana nokushayisana kwemishini yezolimo yamaketanga okugoqa akufezwa ngomoya; kunalokho, kufezwa ngokuklama kwesakhiwo kwesayensi, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe. Ukulawulwa okunembile kwesixhumanisi ngasinye kunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe kwekhono leketanga lokubekezelela imithwalo yokushayisana.

(I) Umklamo Wesakhiwo Olungiselelwe: Ukusabalalisa Umthelela Nokunciphisa Ukucindezeleka
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesakhiwo Sepuleti Leketanga: Ipuleti leketanga lingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ezithwala umthwalo weketanga le-roller yemishini yezolimo, futhi ukwakheka kwalo kwesakhiwo kuthinta ngqo ukumelana komthelela weketanga. Amaketanga e-roller yemishini yezolimo esezingeni eliphezulu asebenzisa umklamo wepuleti leketanga elinezigaba eziguquguqukayo. Lo mklamo wandisa ukujiya kwepuleti leketanga ezindaweni ezibucayi ezithwala ukucindezeleka (njengama-eyelets nasemaphethelweni) ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla asendaweni, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukujiya ezindaweni ezingezona ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuncishiswe isisindo seketanga iyonke. Lo mklamo awugcini nje ngokusabalalisa ngempumelelo imithwalo yomthelela kodwa futhi unciphisa ukugxila kokucindezeleka epuletini leketanga ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa komthwalo, ukuvimbela ukuphuka ngenxa yokucindezeleka okweqile kwendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amaketanga e-roller yemishini yezolimo ephezulu aqukethe ama-eyelets e-chamfered chainplate, okudala ushintsho olubushelelezi ukuze kuncishiswe amaphuzu okugxilwa kokucindezeleka futhi kuthuthukiswe ukumelana komthelela wepuleti leketanga.

Ukulingana Okunembile Phakathi Kwezikhonkwane Nezikhonkwane: Izikhonkwane nama-bushing yizingxenye eziyinhloko ezivumela ukujikeleza kweketanga okuguquguqukayo futhi zibalulekile ekumelaneni nemithwalo yomthelela. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nomthelela, amaketanga okujikijela emishini yezolimo asebenzisa inqubo yokulingana kokuphazamiseka ukuxhuma izikhonkwane kuma-chainplate, kanye nama-bushing kuma-chainplate. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile futhi kuvimbela ukukhululeka noma ukuhlukana ngaphansi kwemithwalo yomthelela. Izindawo zama-pin nama-bushing zigaywa ngokunemba okuphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuvuleka okufanayo nokufanelekile phakathi kwazo, kunciphisa umthelela kanye nokuguguleka ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amaketanga afaka ukugqoka okumelana nokuguguleka phakathi kwama-pin nama-bushing, okungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kodwa futhi nemicamelo ithinta imithwalo ngezinga elithile, kwandise impilo yengxenye.

Umklamo Okhethekile We-Roller: Ama-roller asebenza njengendlela yokugoqa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-chain kanye ne-sprocket, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kuhlobene kakhulu nokumelana kwawo nokushayisana. Amaketanga e-roller emishini yezolimo esezingeni eliphezulu anezindonga ze-roller ezijiyile ukuze athuthukise amandla awo okucindezela kanye nokumelana nokushayisana, avimbele ukuguquguquka noma ukuqhekeka lapho eshayisana namazinyo e-sprocket. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-roller ayaqiniswa ukuze athuthukise ubulukhuni bomphezulu futhi anciphise ukuguguleka. Ukubekezelelana kokugoqa okujikelezayo kulawulwa ngokuqinile kube uhla oluncane kakhulu, kuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwe-meshing okubushelelezi namazinyo e-sprocket futhi kunciphisa umsindo wokushayisana kanye nemithwalo yokushaqeka ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-meshing.

(II) Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu: Ukwakha “Isisekelo Sezinto” Esiqinile Sokumelana Nomthelela

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Alloy Structural Steel: Izingxenye ezibalulekile zamaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo, njengama-chain plate, ama-pin, nama-bushing, akhiqizwa kakhulu ngezinsimbi ze-alloy zekhwalithi ephezulu (njenge-40MnB kanye ne-20CrMnTi). Lezi zinsimbi zinikeza amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, kanye nokuqina okuhle kakhulu. Ngemva kokwelashwa okushisa okufanele, zigcina amandla aphezulu ngenkathi zinikeza ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kokuthinta, zivimbela ukuphuka okubuthakathaka ngaphansi kwemithwalo yokuthinta. Isibonelo, ngemva kokufaka i-carburing kanye nokucima, insimbi engu-20CrMnTi ingafinyelela ubulukhuni bomphezulu be-HRC58-62, inikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokuguguleka nokukhathala, kuyilapho umongo ugcina ukuqina okuphezulu, umunca amandla okuthinta ngempumelelo futhi umelana nomonakalo ovela emithwalweni yokuthinta.

Ukuhlolwa Nokuhlolwa Kwezinto Eziqinile: Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, abakhiqizi bamaketanga abadumile benza ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okuqinile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwamakhemikhali ensimbi, ukuhlolwa kwempahla yemishini (njengokuqina kokudonsa, amandla okukhiqiza, kanye nokuqina komthelela), kuya ekuhlolweni okungonakalisi (njengokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinhlayiya zamagnetic), isinyathelo ngasinye silawulwa ngokuqinile ukuvimbela izinto ezingafaneleki ukuthi zingene enkambisweni yokukhiqiza. Izinto ezidlula kulezi zivivinyo ezinzima kuphela ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye ezibalulekile zamaketanga okujikijela emishini yezolimo, okubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokumelana komthelela weketanga.

(III) Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza Ezithuthukisiwe: Ukuthuthukisa Ukunemba Nokuthuthukisa Ukusebenza
Izinqubo Zokwelapha Ukushisa Okunembile: Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zemishini yezingxenye ze-roller chain zemishini yezolimo, okuthinta ngqo ukumelana komthelela weketanga. Izinqubo ezahlukene zokwelapha ukushisa ziyasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene. Amapuleti e-chain ngokuvamile adlula ekucimeni okugcwele okulandelwa inqubo yokushisa okumaphakathi, afinyelele amandla aphezulu kanye nezinga elithile lokuqina, okuwenza akwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo futhi amelane nokushaywa. Amaphini nama-bushing adlula ekucimeni kwe-carburizing okulandelwa inqubo yokushisa okuphansi, okudala ungqimba oluqinile, olungagugi ebusweni ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuqina okuhle enkabeni. Ngaphansi kwemithwalo yokucindezela, ungqimba olumelana nokugugika kobuso lunciphisa ukugugika, kuyilapho ukuqina kwenkaba kubamba amandla okushaya futhi kuvimbele ukuphuka kwezingxenye. Ama-roller ngokuvamile adlula ekucimeni kobuso okulandelwa inqubo yokushisa okuphansi, okuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bobuso kanye nokumelana nokugugika ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa izinga elithile lokuqina enkabeni ukuvimbela ukuphuka kwe-roller ngaphansi kokushaywa.

Umshini wokugaya nokuhlanganisa okunembayo: Ngaphezu kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezinqubo ezifanele zokwelashwa kokushisa, umshini wokugaya nokuhlanganisa okunembayo nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukumelana komthelela wamaketanga emishini yezolimo. Ngesikhathi somshini wokugaya, izingxenye zicutshungulwa kusetshenziswa imishini yokunemba okuphezulu njenge-CNC lathes kanye nama-grinder e-CNC ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunemba kwazo kobukhulu kanye nokubekezelelana kwejometri kuhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo. Isibonelo, iphutha le-hole pitch lama-chain plates lilawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-±0.05mm, kanti ukubekezelelana kobubanzi bama-pin kulawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-±0.005mm. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi iketanga lisebenza kahle ngemva kokuhlanganiswa futhi kunciphisa imithwalo yomthelela ebangelwa amaphutha obukhulu. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa, kusetshenziswa imishini yokuhlanganisa ezinikele kanye nezinto zokwakha ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuhlanganiswa kwengxenye ngayinye. Iketanga elihlanganisiwe nalo livivinywa ngokuqinile (njengokuphambuka kwe-pitch, amandla okudonsa, kanye nokumelana komthelela). Kukhishwa imikhiqizo efanelekile kuphela, okuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke iketanga le-roller yemishini yezolimo inokumelana okuhle komthelela.

III. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwesayensi: Ungalinganisa Kanjani Ukumelana Nomthelela Weziketanga Ze-Roller Zemishini Yezolimo?

Ukumelana okuphezulu komthelela weketanga lama-roller emishini yezolimo akunakunqunywa kuphela ngokwahlulela okucashile; kumele kuqinisekiswe ngezindlela zokuhlola zesayensi neziqinile. Njengamanje, imboni isebenzisa kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kanye nokuhlolwa kwensimu ukuhlola ngokuphelele ukumelana komthelela wamaketanga ama-roller emishini yezolimo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlangabezana nezidingo zangempela zomkhiqizo wezolimo.

(I) Ukuhlolwa Kwelabhorethri: Ukulingisa Izimo Zokusebenza Ezibucayi Ukuze Kulinganiswe Ukusebenza Ngokunembile

Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kulingisa izimo zokucindezeleka zemishini yezolimo yamaketanga okugoqa ngaphansi kwemithwalo eyahlukene yokushayisana endaweni elawulwayo. Kusetshenziswa imishini yokuhlola ekhethekile, ukumelana kokushayisana kweketanga kungalinganiswa ngokunembile, kuhlinzekwe ukwesekwa kwedatha yesayensi yokuhlola ikhwalithi yeketanga.

Ukuhlolwa Komthwalo Womthelela: Ukuhlolwa komthwalo womthelela kungenye yezivivinyo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukumelana komthelela wamaketanga e-roller emishini yezolimo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, iketanga lifakwa emshinini wokuhlola umthelela ozinikele, osebenzisa imithwalo yomthelela ehlukahlukene (ulingisa izimo zomthelela ezahlukahlukene ezihlangatshezwa yimishini yezolimo ensimini). Izinguquko zokucindezeleka, ukuguquguquka, kanye namaphethini okuphuka kweketanga ngesikhathi semithwalo yomthelela ziyaqoshwa. Ngokuhlaziya idatha yokuhlola, izinkomba ezibalulekile zeketanga ezifana nokumelana komthwalo womthelela omkhulu kanye nokuqina komthelela kunganqunywa, kuhlolwe amandla okuthwala umthwalo weketanga ngaphansi kwezimo zomthelela ezimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma iketanga le-roller yemishini yezolimo lingamelana nomthwalo womthelela osheshayo ongu-50kN ngaphandle kokuphuka noma ukuguquguquka okubonakalayo ngesikhathi sokuhlola, ukumelana kwalo nomthelela kwanele emisebenzini eminingi yemishini yezolimo.

Ukuhlolwa Komthelela Wokukhathala: Amaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo avame ukubhekana nemithwalo yomthelela ephindaphindwayo, ejikelezayo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwangempela, okwenza ukuhlolwa komthelela wokukhathala kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa komthelela wokukhathala kuhilela ukusebenzisa imithwalo yomthelela ejikelezayo eketanga kusetshenziswa umshini wokuhlola (ulingisa umthelela oqongelelekayo wokusebenza kwemishini yezolimo yesikhathi eside) kanye nokuqopha izinguquko ekusebenzeni kweketanga (njengokuguguleka, izinguquko zokuqina, kanye nokuba khona kwemifantu) emijikelezweni ehlukene kuze kube yilapho iketanga lihluleka. Ukuhlolwa komthelela wokukhathala kungahlola impilo yesevisi yeketanga kanye nokuthembeka ngaphansi kwemithwalo yomthelela yesikhathi eside, ephindaphindwayo, okuhlinzeka ngereferensi yokukhetha iketanga elifanele. Isibonelo, iketanga elithile lokugoqa imishini yezolimo ligcine ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ngaphandle komonakalo obonakalayo ngemuva kokuhlolwa komthelela wokukhathala okuyizigidi eziyi-1, okubonisa impilo yalo yesevisi ende kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.

Ukuhlolwa komthelela ophansi: Ezindaweni ezibandayo, imishini yezolimo isebenza ebusika emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okunganciphisa ukuqina kwezinto futhi kuthinte ukumelana komthelela weketanga. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa komthelela ophansi kuyisivivinyo esibalulekile sokuhlola ukumelana komthelela weketanga lama-roller emishini yezolimo. Phakathi nalolu vivinyo, iketanga libekwa ekamelweni lokushisa eliphansi futhi ligcinwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi acacisiwe (njenge--20°C noma -30°C) isikhathi esithile kuze kube yilapho iketanga lifinyelela emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ukuhlolwa komthwalo womthelela kube sekwenziwa ukuhlola ukumelana komthelela weketanga ezindaweni eziphansi zokushisa. Ukuhlolwa komthelela ophansi kuqinisekisa ukuthi iketanga lama-roller emishini yezolimo ligcina ukumelana okuhle kakhulu komthelela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwasebusika ezindaweni ezibandayo, kuvimbele ukwehluleka okufana nokuphuka kweketanga okubangelwa amazinga okushisa aphansi. (II) Ukuhlolwa Kwensimu: Kuhlangabezana Nezidingo Ezisebenzayo Futhi Kuqinisekiswe Ukusebenza Okusebenzayo

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kungalinganisa ngokunembile ukumelana komthelela weketanga, akukwazi ukulingisa ngokugcwele indawo yokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi neguquguqukayo yensimu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwensimu kuyisengezo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukumelana komthelela wezinsimbi zemishini yezolimo, okunikeza ukubonakaliswa okungokoqobo kokusebenza kweketanga ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo kwangempela.

Ukuhlolwa Ezimweni Ezihlukene Zokutshala Izitshalo: Amaketanga okujikijela emishini yezolimo ahlolwa ensimini ezimweni ezihambisanayo zasensimini, aklanyelwe izici zokutshala nokuvuna zezitshalo ezahlukene, njengokolweni, ilayisi, ummbila, kanye nobhontshisi. Isibonelo, esimweni sokuvunwa kukakolweni, iketanga lifakwa kumshini wokuvuna ohlanganisiwe ukuze kubonwe ukuzinza kwalo kokusebenza kanye nokumelana nomthelela ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvuna (ngaphansi kobuningi botshani obuhlukahlukene kanye nezimo zasensimini ezigobayo). Esimweni sokutshala irayisi, ukusebenza kweketanga ngaphansi kwemithwalo yomthelela emasimini odaka kuyahlolwa. Ukuhlolwa ezimweni ezahlukene zokutshala izitshalo kuqinisekisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kweketanga kanye nokumelana nomthelela ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kuqinisekisa ikhono lalo lokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zomkhiqizo wezolimo. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside: Ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo kwangempela, imishini yezolimo ivame ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside (isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokulima esimatasa, umshini wokuvuna ohlanganisiwe ungadinga ukusebenza amahora angaphezu kwe-10 ngosuku). Phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo, iketanga libhekene nemithwalo yomthelela eqhubekayo, lihlola kakhulu ukumelana kwalo nomthelela kanye nokuthembeka. Ngakho-ke, amaketanga emishini yezolimo adlula ekuhlolweni kokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside, eqopha izinguquko zokusebenza (njengokwandiswa kweketanga, ukuguguleka kwezingxenye, kanye nokuba khona kwamaphutha) ngemva kwamahora ayi-100, 200, noma ngaphezulu okusebenza okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside kusenza sikwazi ukuhlola ukuqina kweketanga kanye nokumelana nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, okunikeza abasebenzisi ireferensi yokusebenza ehambisana kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwangempela.

Ukuhlolwa kwezimo zokusebenza ezibucayi: Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokugcwele ukumelana komthelela wamaketanga okujikijela emishini yezolimo, ukuhlolwa kwensimu kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezibucayi. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi eqinile kakhulu namatshe amaningi, ukusebenza kweketanga ngaphansi komthelela wokumelana okukhulu kokudonsa lapho itrekta idonsa igeja kuyahlolwa. Emasimini aphakeme asezintabeni, ukusebenza kweketanga ngaphansi kwemithwalo yomthelela ebangelwa ukuthambekela nokushintshashintsha kwejubane ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka nokwehla kwemithambeka kuyahlolwa. Lezi zimo zokusebenza ezibucayi zidalula ngokugcwele izinkinga ezingaba khona zokumelana nomthelela weketanga, zinikeza isisekelo sokwenza ngcono kanye nokuthuthukiswa kweketanga. Zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baqonde kangcono amandla okusebenza abukhali eketanga, zivimbele ukwehluleka kwemishini okubangelwa ukweqa ukubekezelelana kweketanga ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwangempela.

IV. Inani Elisebenzayo Lokumelana Nomthelela: Izinzuzo Eziningi Zokukhiqizwa Kwezolimo

Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nomthelela akuyona nje uphawu lwekhwalithi ye-roller chain yemishini yezolimo; futhi kuletha izinzuzo ezibonakalayo ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, kusukela ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kuya ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha, ukusekela ngokuphelele ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yezolimo.

(I) Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kwemishini Yezolimo kanye Nokuqinisekisa Intuthuko

Isikhathi sokulima sibaluleke kakhulu. Ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, ukuphuthelwa isikhathi sokutshala esifanele, ukufaka umquba, kanye nokuvuna kuvame ukuholela ekunciphiseni isivuno sezitshalo. Uma izintambo zemishini yezolimo zingenakho ukumelana okwanele komthelela, zivame ukwehluleka (njengezixhumanisi eziphukile kanye namaphini okuwa) ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okudinga isikhathi sokungasebenzi ukuze kulungiswe. Lokhu akuchithi isikhathi esiningi kuphela kodwa kungaholela nasekulahlekelweni kwezikhathi zokuvuna ezilahlekile kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezimali kwabalimi. Izintambo zemishini yezolimo ezinokumelana okuphezulu komthelela ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo zasensimini eziyinkimbinkimbi, zinciphisa ngempumelelo isikhathi sokungasebenzi okubangelwa yimithwalo yomthelela. Zigcina ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ngisho nalapho zibhekene nemiphumela emibi, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokusebenza kahle kwemishini yezolimo, zisiza abalimi ukuqedela imisebenzi yokukhiqiza kwezolimo ngesikhathi, ziqinisekisa inqubekela phambili, futhi zibeka isisekelo sesivuno sezitshalo esiphezulu nesizinzile. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuvuna ukolweni okuphezulu, umshini wokuvuna ohlanganisiwe ohlonyiswe ngentambo yezintambo yezintambo engathinteki kakhulu ungasebenza kahle izinsuku eziningi, ugweme ukubambezeleka okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwezintambo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi zokuvuna ezisebenzisa izintambo ezivamile, lolu hlelo lungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngo-10%-20%. (II) Ukwandisa Impilo Yezintambo Nokunciphisa Izindleko Zokulungisa
Ukushintsha nokugcina amaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo kudinga izinsizakusebenza ezibalulekile zabantu, izinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nezezimali. Uma isikhathi sokuphila kweketanga sifushane, ukushintshwa njalo akugcini nje ngokwandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza zabalimi kodwa futhi kuthinta nokusebenza kahle kwemishini yezolimo. Amaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo anokumelana okukhulu komthelela, ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okuhle, izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe, amelana ngempumelelo nomonakalo ovela emithwalweni yomthelela, anciphisa ukuguguleka kwamaketanga nokukhathala, futhi andise kakhulu isikhathi sawo sesevisi. Isibonelo, ngenkathi amaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo avamile engaba nokuphila kwesevisi kwamahora angu-300-500 kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zasensimini, amaketanga anokumelana okukhulu komthelela angandisa isikhathi sawo sesevisi sibe amahora angu-800-1000, noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaketanga anokumelana okukhulu komthelela anesilinganiso sokuhluleka esiphansi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, okunciphisa inani nezindleko zokulungisa futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa zabalimi. Isibonelo, uma izindleko zokulungisa zonyaka zetrakta ngenxa yokwehluleka kweketanga ziyi-yuan engu-2,000, ukusebenzisa amaketanga anethonya elikhulu kunganciphisa lesi zindleko zibe ngaphansi kwama-yuan angu-500, kusindise abalimi ngaphezu kwama-yuan angu-1,500 ezindlekweni zokulungisa zonyaka.

(III) Ukuqinisekisa Ukuphepha Kokusebenza Kwemishini Yezolimo kanye Nokunciphisa Izingozi Zokuphepha
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini yezolimo, uma uchungechunge luphuka ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokumelana nokuphazamiseka okwanele, ngeke nje kubangele ukungasebenzi kwemishini kodwa futhi kungaholela ezingozini. Isibonelo, uma uchungechunge lokushayela lwemishini yokuvuna ehlanganisiwe luphuka ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, uchungechunge oluphukile lungaphonswa ngaphandle lushaye ezinye izingxenye zemishini noma abasebenzi abaseduze, okubangela umonakalo emishinini noma ekulimaleni. Amaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo, anokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu nokuphazamiseka, agcina ukuzinza kwesakhiwo ngaphansi kwemithwalo yokuphazamiseka, okwenza angathinteki kalula ekwehlulekeni okukhulu njengokuphuka ngokuzumayo, kunciphisa ngempumelelo ingozi yezingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwawo okuzinzile kokudlulisa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yezolimo, kunciphisa amaphutha okusebenza abangelwa ukugxuma kweketanga kanye nokuxinana, kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemisebenzi yemishini yezolimo kanye nokuvikela ngempumelelo izimpilo kanye nempahla yabalimi. (IV) Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Okuphelele Kwemishini Yezolimo Nokukhuthaza Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemishini Yezolimo

Njengengxenye eyinhloko yezinhlelo zokudlulisa imishini yezolimo, ukusebenza kwamaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwemishini yezolimo iyonke. Amaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo anokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushayisana ahlinzeka ngokudluliselwa kwamandla okuzinzile nokuthembekile kwemishini yezolimo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini yezolimo ingasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zayo zokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, ogandaganda abahlome ngamaketanga okugoqa anamandla angaphatha kalula imithwalo yokushayisana lapho bedonsa imishini yezolimo esindayo, balondoloze ukubamba okuqinile futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yokulima. Ama-combine harvesters ahlome ngamaketanga okugoqa anamandla angagcina isivinini sokusebenza esizinzile ngesikhathi sokuvuna, anciphise ukulahlekelwa okusanhlamvu futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuvuna kanye nekhwalithi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokumelana nokushayisana kwemishini yezolimo, ukusebenza okuphelele kwemishini yezolimo kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu, kuqhubekisele phambili imishini yezolimo ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, futhi kufake ugqozi oluqinile ekuthuthukisweni kwesimanje kwezolimo.

V. Isiphetho: Ukumelana Nomthelela – “Umzila Wokuphila” Weziketanga Zemishini Yezolimo Ezijikelezayo

Njengoba ukwanda kwemishini yezolimo kukhula, ukumelana nomthelela kwamaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo, njenge-"power connect" yemishini yezolimo, kuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Kusukela ekumelaneni nomthelela wendawo yasensimini eyinkimbinkimbi, kuya ekukhuthazeleleni ukuguquguquka okunamandla kwemithwalo yokusebenza, kuya ekumelaneni nokuguguleka ezindaweni ezinzima, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nomthelela "kuyindlela yokuphila" yamaketanga okugoqa imishini yezolimo ukuze kusebenze kahle ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo.