Indlela Yokuqinisekisa Ukunwetshwa Kwemishini Akubangeli Ukunwebeka Okudlulele Kwezintambo Ezigoqekayo
Ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa izimboni, amaketanga e-roller, ngenxa yokusebenza kahle nokuqina kwawo okuphezulu, abe yizingxenye eziyinhloko zokudlulisa imishini yokuthutha, imishini yezolimo, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto. Ukwelula imishini kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekufakweni kweketanga le-roller, ukugunyazwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwayo. Ukusebenza kwayo okufanele kunquma ngqo impilo yesevisi yeketanga kanye nokuqina kwemishini. Ukusebenza okungalungile okuholela ekunwebekeni ngokweqile akugcini nje ngokubangela ukwehluleka kweketanga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kodwa futhi kungaholela ochungechungeni lwezinkinga, kufaka phakathi ukungasebenzi kwemishini kanye nezingozi zokukhiqiza. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokujulile izimiso eziyinhloko zokwelula imishini, sihlole ngokuphelele izingozi zokwelula ngokweqile, futhi sinikeze uhlelo lokuvimbela ukwelula ngokweqile ngokwesayensi nangokwangempela kusukela emibonweni emithathu: ukulungiselela, ukwenza, kanye nokuhlola nokulungisa.
1. Ukuqonda Ukuxhumana Okuyinhloko Phakathi Kokwelula Kwemishini Nokwelula I-Roller Chain Overwetching
Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngokuthi “indlela yokuvimbela” lokhu, kumelwe siqale sichaze ukuthi “yini”—kuphela ngokuqonda indlela yokwelula ngomshini kanye nezindlela zokuchaza ukwelula ngokweqile lapho singanciphisa khona izingozi eziyisisekelo sazo. 1. Umsebenzi Oyinhloko Wokwelula Ngomshini: Hhayi “Ukwandisa Iketanga” Kodwa “Ukufaka Ngokunembile”
Ukwelula ngomshini akugcini nje ngokunweba uchungechunge olugoqekayo ngamandla angaphandle. Umongo walo ukusebenzisa amandla omshini alawulwayo ukuze kufezwe ukungezwani kochungechunge olusethwe ngaphambilini ngesikhathi sokufakwa noma ukuqeda ukuguquka kwepulasitiki okuqongelelekile okubangelwa ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Izimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa zifaka:
Ukunwebeka kusengaphambili ngesikhathi sokufakwa kweketanga elisha: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, kunezikhala ezincane phakathi kwezingxenye ezifana namapuleti eketanga, amaphini, nama-roller. Ukunwebeka ngomshini kungaphula lezi zikhala kusengaphambili, kuvimbele ukudlidliza nomsindo obangelwa ukuvuleka ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuqala.
Ukulungisa iketanga elidala ngesikhathi sokulungiswa: Amaketanga e-roller abesebenza isikhathi eside azobona ukunwebeka kwephimbo ngenxa yokuguga. Ukunwebeka ngomshini kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi iketanga lisesesigabeni sokusebenza esiphephile noma libuyisele lokhu kunwebeka ngokulungisa kahle i-tensioner.
Ukulinganiswa okuhambisanayo ekudlulisweni kwe-multi-axis: Uma imishini isebenzisa amaketanga amaningi e-roller, ukwelula ngomshini kuqinisekisa ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo kuwo wonke amaketanga, kuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile kumaketanga ngamanye ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwamandla okungalingani. 2. Ukuchaza ukwelula ngokweqile: Umugqa Obomvu kusukela ku-"Allowable Elongation" kuya ku-"Failure Threshold"
“Ukunwebeka” kwe-roller chain kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukwelula okunwebekayo (okungalulama ngemva kokuba amandla angaphandle esusiwe) kanye nokunwebeka kwepulasitiki (ukuguquguquka okuhlala njalo ngemva kokuba amandla angaphandle edlula iphuzu lokukhiqiza lezinto). Ingqikithi yokunwebeka ngokweqile “ukunwebeka kwepulasitiki ngokweqile,” ngokuvamile kunqunywa ukunwebeka kwephimbo:
Kumaketanga ajwayelekile e-transmission roller: ukunwebeka kwephimbo okungaphezu kuka-3% kubhekwa njengokunwebeka ngokweqile futhi kudinga ukushintshwa;
Kumaketanga okujikijela okuthwala umthwalo omkhulu/osheshayo: ukunwebeka kwephimbo okungaphezu kuka-2% kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka, futhi okungaphezu kuka-2.5% kudinga ukushintshwa.
Ukunwebeka ngokweqile kwenzeka lapho amandla asetshenziswayo ngesikhathi sokwelula ngomshini edlula amandla okukhiqiza kwezinto zochungechunge, noma lapho isikhathi sokwelula side kakhulu, okuholela ekuguqukeni kwepulasitiki okuqongelelwe ngokweqile.
2. Izingozi Zokwelula Imishini: Okungaphezu Kokuthi “Ukwehluleka Kweketanga” Kuphela, “Kuyinhlekelele Yemishini”
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi “ukunwebeka ngokweqile kusho ukuthi uchungechunge ngeke luhlale isikhathi eside,” kodwa empeleni, ukunwebeka ngokweqile kungaba nemiphumela emibi ohlelweni lonke lokudlulisa futhi kungaholela ngisho nasezingozini zokuphepha.
1. Ingozi Eqondile: Umonakalo Ongalungiseki Ku-Chain
Ukuphuka Kwepuleti Leketanga: Ukunwebeka ngokweqile kungabangela ukugxila kokucindezeleka emigodini yepuleti leketanga, okuholela ekuqhekekeni emaphethelweni emigodi ngemva kokusebenza isikhathi eside.
Ukuguguleka Okusheshayo Kwephini: Ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kwandisa isikhala phakathi kwephini kanye nomgodi wepuleti leketanga, okubangela ukuguguleka okuphindwe kathathu kuya kahlanu kunokujwayelekile.
Ukubanjwa Kwe-Roller: Amandla angalingani ngesikhathi sokwelula angabangela ukungalingani phakathi kwe-roller nesiketi, okuvimbela i-roller ukuthi ijikeleze kahle futhi kukhulise ukuguguleka. 2. Izingozi Ezingaqondile: Ukwehluleka Okuqhubekayo Kuhlelo Lokudlulisa
Ukunemba Kokudlulisela Okuwohlokile: Ukwelula kakhulu iketanga kwandisa ukuphakama kweketanga, kwandisa isikhala se-meshing ngamazinyo e-sprocket. Lokhu kungaholela kalula ekuweqeni kwamazinyo kanye nokuyeka kweketanga, okuthinta ukunemba kokusebenza kwemishini (isb., ukwanda kwephutha lokubeka imishini ekudluliseni).
Ukwehluleka Kwe-Sprocket Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi: Uma iketanga eline-pitch meshes eningi ene-sprocket ejwayelekile, amandla angalingani asetshenziswa emazinyweni e-sprocket, okubangela ukuguguleka kwendawo kanye nokuqhekeka kwamazinyo, okunciphisa impilo ye-sprocket.
Ukwanda Komthwalo Wenjini: Uma uchungechunge lunwetshiwe kakhulu, ukumelana kokusebenza kuyanda, okudinga ukuthi injini ikhiphe amandla aphezulu ukuze iqhubeke isebenza. Lokhu kungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwenjini, ukusha, noma ukukhubeka kwe-inverter njalo esikhathini eside.
3. Ingozi Eyinhloko: Ukuphazamiseka Kokukhiqiza kanye Nezingozi Zokuphepha
Kubakhiqizi bezintambo zokuhlanganisa, ukuphuka kweketanga ngenxa yokwelulwa kakhulu kweketanga kungabangela amahora noma ngisho nezinsuku zokungasebenzi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okuqondile kwezomnotho okusukela emashumini kuya emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zama-yuan.
Emishinini yokuphakamisa nokuphakamisa, ukwelula kakhulu iketanga lama-roller kungabangela ukuba izinto ezisindayo ziwe, okuholela ekulimaleni komuntu.
3. Ukuvimbela Okuyinhloko: Ukulawulwa Okugcwele Kwenqubo Kusukela “Ekulungiseleleni Kwasekuqaleni” Kuya “Ekuqaliseni”
Isihluthulelo sokugwema ukwelula ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokwelula ngomshini ukulawula. Ngokuhlela kusengaphambili okunembile, ukusebenza okujwayelekile, kanye nokuqapha nokuhlola ngesikhathi sangempela, inqubo yokwelula ingagcinwa ngaphakathi "kwebanga lokunwebeka" ukuvimbela ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki ngokweqile. Okulandelayo uhlelo lokusebenzisa ngezigaba:
Isigaba 1: Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokwelula – Zazi Wena Nesitha Sakho Ukuze Ugweme Ukuhlinzwa Okungaboni
Ukungalungiseleli ngokwanele yimbangela eyinhloko yokuzelula ngokweqile. Imisebenzi emithathu ebalulekile kumele iqedwe ngaphambi kokuzelula:
1. Thola "amapharamitha omkhawulo wokudonsa" weketanga.
Amaketanga okugoqa amamodeli nezinto zokwakha ezahlukene anamandla okukhiqiza ahlukene kakhulu kanye nokwelulwa okuvumelekile. Amapharamitha abalulekile kumele anqunywe kusengaphambili ngokubheka incwadi yemiyalelo yomkhiqizo noma ngokwenza ukuhlolwa:
Umthwalo wokudonsa olinganisiwe: Amandla okudonsa aphezulu uchungechunge olungawamelana nawo ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki (isb., umthwalo wokudonsa olinganisiwe weketanga le-roller lochungechunge lwe-16A cishe u-15.8kN);
Ukwelulwa kwephimbo okuvunyelwe: Kunqunywa ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokusebenza kwemishini (3% ezimweni ezijwayelekile, ngaphansi kuka-2.5% ezimweni zomsebenzi osindayo);
Amandla okukhiqiza izinto: Amandla okukhiqiza ezingxenye eziyinhloko zeketanga (njenge-40Mn yamapuleti eketanga kanye ne-20CrMnTi yamaphini) asetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokubala amandla okudonsa.
Iseluleko esiwusizo: Uma incwadi yemiyalelo yomkhiqizo ingatholakali, sika ingxenye yochungechunge olufanayo bese wenza “ukwelula kokuhlola.” Sebenzisa umshini wokuhlola othambekele ukuthola iphuzu lokukhiqiza, elizosebenza njengereferensi yokwelula kwangempela. 2. Khetha Imishini Namathuluzi Okwelula Afanele
Imishini evamile yezindlela zokwelula imishini ihlanganisa ama-tensioner esandla, ama-tensioner kagesi, kanye nama-tensioner e-hydraulic. Izici ezibalulekile ekukhetheni imishini efanele ukunemba okulawulwayo kanye nokuqina okuzinzile.
Iketanga elincane (iphimbo ≤ 12.7mm): I-tensioner esetshenziswa ngesandla ingasetshenziswa nge-torque wrench ukulawula ukucindezeleka (ukunquma inani le-torque usebenzisa ifomula yokuguqula "i-torque - tension").
Iketanga eliphakathi kuya kwelikhulu (iphimbo 15.875-38.1mm): Kunconywa i-tensioner kagesi enesibonisi sokucindezela sedijithali kanye nokuvala okuzenzakalelayo.
Iketanga elinzima (iphimbo ≥ 50.8mm): Kumelwe kusetshenziswe i-hydraulic tensioner, kusetshenziswa iphampu ye-hydraulic ukulawula ngokunembile ingcindezi nokugwema ukwanda okungazelelwe kokucindezeleka.
Icebiso Lokugwema: Ukunweba ngamandla ngendlela ebukhali (njengokusebenzisa i-crane) akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Le ndlela yehluleka ukulawula ukucindezeleka futhi ingaholela kalula ekunwebeni ngokweqile. 3. Hlola isimo seketanga kanye nesisekelo.
Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sokunwebeka ngaphambi kokubeletha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izingozi zokunwebeka ezibangelwa "ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa":
Ukuhlolwa kokubukeka kweketanga: Hlola imifantu kuma-plate eketanga, amaphini axegayo, nama-roller aphelele. Uma kukhona amaphutha, lungisa noma uwashintshe ngaphambi kokuwelula.
Ukuqondanisa isisekelo: Hlola ukuthi ama-sprocket ahambisana futhi ahambisana (ukuphambuka kufanele kube ≤ 0.5 mm/m). Ukuphambuka kwesisekelo ngokweqile kungaholela ekunwebekeni ngokweqile kweketanga ngemva kokwelula ngenxa yamandla angalingani.
Ukuhlanza nokugcoba: Susa uwoyela nokungcola ebusweni beketanga. Faka inani elifanele lokugcoba eliqondene neketanga ukuze unciphise ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokwelula futhi ugweme ukugxila kokucindezeleka kwendawo okubangelwa ukungqubuzana.
Isigaba 2: Ukulawula Inqubo Yokwelula—Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okuqondile Ukulawula Isigqi Sokuguquguquka
Ingqikithi yomsebenzi wokwelula “isivinini esiqhubekayo, amandla alawulekayo, kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela.” Izinyathelo ezine ezilandelayo kumele zilandelwe ngokuqinile:
1. Ukusetha Amapharamitha “Okwelula Okunezinga Eliphezulu”
Ukuze kugwenywe ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki okweqile okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kanye kwamandla okweqile, kufanele kusetshenziswe imodi "yokwelula okunezinga". Amapharamitha athile alandelayo:
Izinga 1 (Ukunwebeka Ngaphambi Kokwelula): Faka u-30%-40% womthwalo wokudonsa olinganisiwe imizuzu emi-5-10 ukuze uqede ukudlala kokuqala eketangeni futhi ubheke ukuguquguquka okungavamile.
Izinga 2 (Ukwelula Okusebenzayo): Khulisa kancane kancane amandla okudonsa abe ngu-60%-70% womthwalo wokudonsa olinganisiwe bese ubamba imizuzu eyi-10-15. Iketanga selisesigabeni sokwelula okunwebekayo, futhi ukucindezeleka kungalungiswa njengoba kudingeka.
Izinga 3 (Ukwelula Ukulinganisa): Uma kudingeka ukulungiswa okwengeziwe, khulisa amandla okudonsa abe ngu-80% womthwalo wokudonsa olinganisiwe (ungadluli u-90%), ubambe imizuzu emi-5, bese ukhulula kancane bese uqapha izinguquko zephimbo. Isimiso Esiyinhloko: Misa isikhashana imizuzu emi-3-5 phakathi kwesigaba ngasinye sokwelula ukuze usabalalise ngokulinganayo ukucindezeleka kweketanga futhi ugweme ukushaqeka okungazelelwe kokudonsa.
2. Ukulawula Isivinini Sokwelula kanye Nokulingana Kwamandla
Isivinini Sokwelula: Uma welula ngesandla, isivinini sokujikeleza isikrufu kufanele sibe ngu-≤ ukujikeleza okungu-1/umzuzwana. Uma welula ngogesi/ngomoya, izinga lokwenyuka kwamandla kufanele libe ngu-≤ 5kN/umzuzu ukuze kugwenywe “amandla angazelelwe” angabangela ukugcwala kwendawo.
Ukufana Kwamandla: Uma welula, qiniseka ukuthi amaphuzu okucindezela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zeketanga ahambisana ne-axis yeketanga. Uma iketanga lide kakhulu (ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-5), engeza izisekelo ezisizayo phakathi nendawo ukuze uvimbele amandla angalingani ngenxa yokugoba kweketanga ngenxa yesisindo salo.
Ukulawula Okuqondisayo: Indlela yokwelula kufanele ihambisane nendlela yomthwalo wokusebenza kweketanga (isb., iketanga lokushayela kufanele lelulwe endaweni yokushayela) ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kweketanga okubangelwa ukucindezeleka okuseceleni. 3. Ukuqapha Isimo Sokwelula Ngesikhathi Sangempela: “Qaphela, Kala, Futhi Ulalele”
Kudingeka ukuqapha okunezinhlangothi eziningi ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelula ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha izimpawu zokunwebeka ngokweqile:
“Qaphela” Ukuguquka: Sebenzisa i-vernier caliper noma i-pitch gauge ukukala i-chain pitch njalo ngemizuzu emi-5 (linganisa ama-pitch ayi-10 alandelanayo bese uthatha isilinganiso sokubala i-longation). Uma i-longation isondela ku-80% wenani elivumelekile, yehlisa ijubane lenqubo yokwelula.
“Linganisa” Ukucindezeleka: Sebenzisa isibonisi sedijithali semishini yokwelula ukuze uqaphe ukucindezeleka ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma ukucindezeleka kwehla ngokuzumayo (okubonisa ukuguquka kwepulasitiki kweketanga), yeka ukwelula ngokushesha.
“Lalela” Imisindo Engavamile: Uma kuzwakala imisindo engavamile njengokuthi “ukuchofoza” noma “ukuklewula” ngesikhathi sokwelula, kungase kubonise ukungalingani phakathi kwepuleti leketanga nephini. Misa umshini ukuze uhlolwe bese ulungisa inkinga ngaphambi kokuqhubeka. 4. Yenza inqubo yokukhulula ifane: Gwema “Ukulimala Okubuyayo”
Ngemva kokufinyelela izidingo zokwelula ezifiselekayo, inqubo yokukhulula ibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukukhulula okungalungile kungabangela ukuthi uchungechunge lubuyele emuva futhi luguquguquke:
Isivinini Sokwehlisa Umthwalo: Yehlisa kancane kancane ukucindezeleka. Isivinini sokwehlisa umthwalo kufanele sihambisane nesivinini sokunwebeka, futhi ugweme ukwehlisa umthwalo ngokuzumayo.
Ukuhlolwa Ngemva Kokuthulula: Ngemva kokukhipha, kala kabusha iphimbo leketanga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunwebeka kuzinzile yini (ukunwebeka kwe-elastic kuzolulama, kuyilapho ukunwebeka kwepulasitiki kuzohlala). Uma ukunwebeka kudlula inani elivunyelwe, shintsha iketanga ngokushesha.
Ukuphepha Kwesikhashana: Uma iketanga lidinga ukugcinwa okwesikhashana ngemva kokulikhipha, kufanele lilengiswe ebhulakini elikhethekile ukuze kugwenywe ukucindezelwa nokusonteka, okungase kuthinte ukucindezeleka okulinganisiwe.
Isigaba 3: Ukulungiswa Ngemva Kokwelula – “Ukuqapha Okuqhubekayo” Ukuze Kwandiswe Isikhathi Sokuphila Kweketanga
Ukwelula ngomshini akuyona into eyenzeka kanye kuphela. Ukulungiswa njalo ngemva kokunwebeka kungahlonza ngokushesha izinkinga ezingaba khona zokunwebeka:
1. Sungula “Ifayela Lokwelula Iketanga”
Qopha idatha ebalulekile yomsebenzi ngamunye wokwelula ukuze udale ifayela eliphelele lokuphatha umjikelezo wokuphila:
Usuku lokwelula, umqhubi, imodeli yemishini;
Iphimbo ngaphambi/ngemuva kokwelula, inani lokucindezeleka, isikhathi sokubamba;
Izimo zokusebenza kweketanga (umthwalo, isivinini, izinga lokushisa).
Ngokuqhathanisa lawa mafayela, ungahlaziya amaphethini okuguquguquka kokwelula kweketanga bese unikeza isisekelo sokulungiswa okulandelayo kumapharamitha okwelula.
2. Hlola Njalo Izinguquko Zephimbo
Yakha uhlelo lokuhlola iphimbo ngokusekelwe ezikhathini zokusebenza kwemishini:
Imishini evamile: Ukuhlolwa kwanyanga zonke;
Imishini ethwala umthwalo osindayo/eshesha kakhulu: Ukuhlolwa kwamasonto onke;
Imishini ebalulekile (njengento eyinhloko eqhutshwa umugqa wokukhiqiza): Ukuhlola okuqondile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwansuku zonke.
Uma ukunwebeka kwephimbo kufinyelela ku-90% wenani elivumelekile, hlela ukulungiswa kusenesikhathi ukuze uvimbele ukwehluleka okungazelelwe. 3. Lungiselela indawo yokusebenza ukuze unciphise ukunqwabelana kokunwebeka kweketanga.
Ukuphathwa kokugcotshwa: Faka njalo ukugcotshwa okufanele (njengamafutha amaminerali noma uwoyela wokwenziwa) ukuze unciphise ukuguguleka kweketanga futhi ulibazise ukunwebeka kwephimbo.
Ukulawula umthwalo: Gwema ukusebenza kokulayishwa ngokweqile kwesikhathi eside (umthwalo kufanele ube ≤ 85% womthwalo olinganisiwe) ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka kokunwebeka kweketanga.
Ukuhlanza nokulungisa: Susa njalo uthuli nokungcola eketangeni ukuze uvimbele ukunwebeka okungavamile okubangelwa ukuguguleka okunamandla.
4. Amaphutha Avamile Okufanele Uwagweme: Le Misebenzi "Ebonakala Inengqondo" Isheshisa Ukunwebeka Kakhulu
Ngisho nangemva kokufunda izinqubo ezijwayelekile, abantu abaningi basawela emibonweni eyiphutha eholela ekuzikhandleni ngokweqile. Nazi izingibe ezintathu ezivamile:
Inganekwane 1: “Uma unwebeka kakhulu, kungcono; gwema ukukhululeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza.”
Iqiniso: Ukucindezela ngokweqile kuveza uchungechunge ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu okuqhubekayo, okusheshisa ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki. Indlela efanele ukugcina uchungechunge lugobile ngaphakathi kuka-2%-4% webanga eliphakathi phakathi kwama-sprocket amabili (ekudlulisweni okuvundlile). Ukwehla okuncane kubonisa ukucindezela ngokweqile.
Inganekwane 2: “Ukuxuba amaketanga amadala namasha ukuze kulungiswe ubude ngokuwelula.”
Iqiniso: Iketanga elidala selivele lishintshe ipulasitiki. Uma lihlanganiswa neketanga elisha lokwelula, iketanga elidala lizoqala linwebeke kakhulu ngenxa yamandla alo abuthakathaka okubamba, okuholela ekusabalaleni kokucindezeleka okungalingani kulo lonke iketanga. Indlela efanele iwukufaka esikhundleni sawo wonke amaketanga ohlelweni olufanayo lokudlulisa amasha avela kumodeli neqembu elifanayo. Umbono Oyiphutha 3: “Ukunganaki ukuguguleka kwe-sprocket nokumane welule iketanga”
Iqiniso: Uma amazinyo e-sprocket egugile kakhulu (amathiphu amazinyo acijile, izindawo zamazinyo ziyaxebuka), noma ngabe uchungechunge lunwetshiwe lwaya endaweni ejwayelekile, amandla angalingani azosetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa i-mesh, okuholela ngokungaqondile ekunwetshweni ngokweqile kweketanga. Indlela efanele ukuhlola isimo se-sprocket ngaphambi kokwelula. Uma ukuguguleka kwe-sprocket kudlula izinga, shintsha i-sprocket ngaphambi kokwelula uchungechunge.
5. Isifinyezo: Izimiso Ezintathu Eziyinhloko Zokuqinisekisa Ukunwetshwa Kwemishini Okulawulwayo
Ukunwebeka ngokweqile kwamaketanga okugoqa okubangelwa ukwelula ngomshini empeleni kuwumphumela “wephutha lomuntu” kanye “nokuntuleka kokuqonda amapharamitha.” Ukuze ugweme ngokuphelele le ngozi, khumbula lezi zimiso ezintathu ezilandelayo:
Amapharamitha Okokuqala: Ngaphambi kokwelula, amapharamitha okhiye njengomthwalo olinganisiwe kanye nokwelulwa okuvunyelwe kumele achazwe ngokucacile, futhi agweme ukuthembela kokuhlangenwe nakho.
Inqubo Elawulekayo: Sebenzisa ukwelula okuhleliwe kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze ugcine ukucindezeleka kanye nokuguquguquka kungaphakathi kobubanzi bokunwebeka.
Ukugcinwa Okuqhubekayo: Ngemva kokwelula, hlola njalo futhi wenze indawo ibe ngcono ukuze ubambezele ukunqwabelana kokunwebeka nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kweketanga.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-03-2025